{"id":4715,"date":"2024-12-02T08:04:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T00:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=4715"},"modified":"2025-01-30T21:43:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T13:43:51","slug":"belt-and-road-initiative-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/12\/02\/belt-and-road-initiative-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def \/ Belt and Road Initiative -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u5730\u56fe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u7ea2\u8272 – \u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u56fd\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u84dd\u8272 – \u5df2\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u3002\u9ec4\u8272 – \u4ec5\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u8bba\u575b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aFlyinet<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aChina in Red, the members of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank<\/a> in orange. The proposed corridors<\/a> (main bodies<\/a>) in black (Land Silk Road), and blue (Maritime Silk Road).
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ea2\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6a59\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e9a\u6d32\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u6210\u5458\u3002\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u8d70\u5eca\uff08\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u4ee5\u9ed1\u8272\uff08\u9646\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff09\u548c\u84dd\u8272\uff08\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aLommes<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 4.0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u6784\u60f3\uff082018\u5e74\uff09
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aLena Appenzeller, Sabine Hecher, Janine Sack<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aThe Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road[3]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aThe Belt and Road Initiative\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u82f1\u6587\u7f29\u5199\uff1aB&R[3]<\/a>[\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u6539\u9769\u59d4\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6807\u51c6\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cB&R\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u201cBRI\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b80\u79f0\u3002]<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u5021\u8bae[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u5e76\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26[5]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8fd170\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u6db5\u76d6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2<\/a>\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def<\/a>\u548c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def<\/a>\u884c\u7ecf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u5317\u4e9a<\/a>\u548c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b<\/a>\u6cbf\u5cb8\u3001\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77<\/a>\u6cbf\u5cb8\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u5927\u897f\u6d0b<\/a>\u5730\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BRI is composed of six urban development land corridors linked by road, rail, energy, and digital infrastructure and the Maritime Silk Road linked by the development of ports.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u7531\u516d\u6761\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u8def\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u9646\u4e0a\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u6e2f\u53e3\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chinese Communist Party<\/a> (CCP) general secretary<\/a> Xi Jinping<\/a> originally announced the strategy as the “Silk Road Economic Belt” during an official visit to Kazakhstan<\/a> in September 2013. “Belt” refers to the proposed overland routes<\/a> for road<\/a> and rail transportation<\/a> through landlocked<\/a> Central Asia along the famed historical<\/a> trade routes<\/a> of the Western Regions<\/a>; “road” is short for the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road<\/a>, which refers to the Indo-Pacific<\/a> sea routes<\/a> through Southeast Asia to South Asia, the Middle East and Africa.[4]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112013 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u5bf9\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u201d\u6218\u7565\u3002\u201c\u5e26\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6cbf\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u897f\u57df\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5185\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u516c\u8def\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u9646\u4e0a\u8def\u7ebf\uff1b\u201c\u8def\u201d\u662f 21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5230\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b-\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u4e0a\u822a\u7ebf\u3002[4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0<\/a>\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73<\/a>\u201c\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4<\/a>\u201d\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206[2]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u79f0\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u662f\u201c\u65e8\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u533a\u57df\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\uff0c\u62e5\u62b1\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u201d\u3002[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b8c\u6210\u65e5\u671f\u4e3a2049\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u767e\u5e74<\/a>\u3002[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The initiative was incorporated into the constitution of the Chinese Communist Party<\/a> in 2017.[5]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112017 \u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u3002[5] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numerous studies conducted by the World Bank<\/a> have estimated that BRI can boost trade flows in 155 participating countries by 4.1 percent, as well as cutting the cost of global trade by 1.1 percent to 2.2 percent, and grow the GDP of East Asian and Pacific developing countries by an average of 2.6 to 3.9 percent.[11]<\/a>[12]<\/a><\/sup> According to London-based consultants Centre for Economics and Business Research<\/a>, BRI is likely to increase the world GDP by $7.1 trillion per annum by 2040, and that benefits will be “widespread” as improved infrastructure reduces “frictions that hold back world trade”. CEBR also concludes that the project will be likely to attract further countries to join, if the global infrastructure initiative progresses and gains momentum.[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>[15]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u53ef\u4f7f 155 \u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0 4.1%\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e 1.1% \u81f3 2.2%\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684 GDP \u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f 2.6% \u81f3 3.9%\u3002[11][12] \u636e\u4f26\u6566\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u5230 2040 \u5e74\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c GDP \u589e\u52a0 7.1 \u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6539\u5584\u51cf\u5c11\u201c\u963b\u788d\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ca\u5904\u5c06\u201c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fd8\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5168\u7403\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5021\u8bae\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a0\u5165\u3002[13][14][15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supporters praise the BRI for its potential to boost the global GDP, particularly in developing countries. However, there has also been criticism over human rights violations and environmental impact, as well as concerns of debt-trap diplomacy<\/a> resulting in neocolonialism<\/a> and economic imperialism. These differing perspectives are the subject of active debate.[16]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u652f\u6301\u8005\u79f0\u8d5e\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5168\u7403 GDP \u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62c5\u5fc3\u503a\u52a1\u9677\u9631\u5916\u4ea4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002[16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde<\/a>\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u6570\u636e\u5e93AidDate\u57282023\u5e7411\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u5021\u8bae\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5411\u6cbf\u7ebf\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u501f\u7684\u6b3e\u9879\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e07\u4e00\u5343\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5176\u4e2d80%\u7684\u6b3e\u9879\u90fd\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u96be\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u81ea2018\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8c03\u6574\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u5021\u8bae\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u89c4\u6a21\u660e\u663e\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5df2\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u8d37\u6b3e\u56fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u50ac\u6536\u56fd\u3002[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.3 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u80cc\u666f | Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def<\/a>\u548c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Main articles: China’s peaceful rise<\/a>, Chinese Century<\/a>, Beijing Consensus<\/a>, and Chinese Dream<\/a>
\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5e73\u5d1b\u8d77\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5171\u8bc6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u63d0\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China’s policy of channeling its construction companies abroad began with Jiang Zemin’s Go Out policy<\/a>.[17]<\/a>:\u200a67\u200a<\/sup> Xi Jinping<\/a>‘s BRI built on and expanded this policy[17]<\/a>:\u200a67\u200a<\/sup> as well as built on Jiang’s China Western Development<\/a> policy.[18]<\/a>:\u200a149\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u59cb\u4e8e\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u3002[17]:\u200a67\u200a \u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56[17]:\u200a67\u200a \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u7684\u897f\u90e8\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002[18]:\u200a149<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xi announced the BRI concept as the “Silk Road Economic Belt” on 7 September 2013 at Nazarbayev University<\/a> in Astana<\/a>, Kazakhstan [17]<\/a>:\u200a75\u200a<\/sup> In October 2013 during a speech delivered in Indonesia, Xi stated that China planned to build a “twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road” to enhance cooperation in Southeast Asia and beyond.[17]<\/a>:\u200a75\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112013 \u5e74 9 \u6708 7 \u65e5\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u963f\u65af\u5854\u7eb3\u7eb3\u624e\u5c14\u5df4\u8036\u592b\u5927\u5b66\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u201d[17]:\u200a75\u200a 2013 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002[17]:\u200a75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a<\/a>\u628a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565[15]<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u526f\u603b\u7406\u5f20\u9ad8\u4e3d<\/a>\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4<\/a>\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u9996\u4efb\u7ec4\u957f\u4e3a\u5f20\u9ad8\u4e3d<\/a>\uff0c\u526f\u7ec4\u957f\u4e3a\u738b\u6caa\u5b81<\/a>\u3001\u6c6a\u6d0b<\/a>\u3001\u6768\u6676<\/a>\u3001\u6768\u6d01\u7bea<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u674e\u514b\u5f3a<\/a>\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32<\/a>\u548c\u6b27\u6d32<\/a>\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5e7f[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u8fdb\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\u4e2d[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u300228\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662<\/a>\u6388\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u6539\u59d4<\/a>\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/a>\u3001\u5546\u52a1\u90e8<\/a>\u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u59d4\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u63a8\u52a8\u5171\u5efa\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8<\/a>\u300b\u767d\u76ae\u4e66[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BRI is considered a central element within China’s foreign policy<\/a>, and was incorporated into the CCP’s constitution<\/a> in 2017 during its 19th Congress<\/a>.[66]<\/a>[56]<\/a>:\u200a58\u200a<\/sup> The BRI represents a set of policies for Chinese engagement with the global South<\/a>, including diversifying resource and energy supplies, building loan-funded infrastructure using Chinese companies, creating new markets for Chinese companies, and engaging global South countries simultaneously at bilateral and regional levels.[17]<\/a>:\u200a6\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 2017 \u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u515a\u7ae0\u3002[66][56]:\u200a58\u200a \u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u5357\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u8d37\u6b3e\u5efa\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u53cc\u8fb9\u548c\u533a\u57df\u5c42\u9762\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u5357\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002[17]:\u200a6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The official name for the initiative is the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Development Strategy<\/em> (\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565),[38]<\/a><\/sup> which was initially abbreviated as the One Belt One Road<\/em> (Chinese: \u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def) or the OBOR<\/em> strategy. The English translation has been changed to the Belt and Road Initiative<\/em> (BRI) since 2016, when the Chinese government considered the emphasis on the words “one” and “strategy” were prone to misinterpretation and suspicion, so they opted for the more inclusive term “initiative” in its translation.[39]<\/a>[40]<\/a><\/sup> However, “One Belt One Road” is still the reference term in Chinese-language media.[41]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u201d\uff0c[38]\u6700\u521d\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u6216\u201cOBOR\u6218\u7565\u201d\u30022016\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6539\u4e3a\u201cBelt and Road Initiative\u201d\uff08BRI\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6218\u7565\u201d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5021\u8bae\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002[39][40]\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u672f\u8bed\u3002[41]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With regard to China and the African countries, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)<\/a> is a significant multi-lateral cooperation mechanism for facilitating BRI projects.[67]<\/a><\/sup> The China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF)<\/a> serves a similar coordinating role with regard to BRI projects in the Arab states.[67]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u975e\u5408\u4f5c\u8bba\u575b\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u591a\u8fb9\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002[67]\u4e2d\u963f\u5408\u4f5c\u8bba\u575b\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[67]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b98\u65b9\u58f0\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u7586<\/a>\u548c\u798f\u5efa<\/a>\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u9047\u3002\u798f\u5efa\u83b7\u627921\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u3002\u65b0\u7586<\/a>\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u6c5f\u82cf<\/a>\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f<\/a>\u3001\u798f\u5efa<\/a>\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c<\/a>\u3001\u6d77\u5357<\/a>\u53ca\u5c71\u4e1c<\/a>6\u4e2a\u6cbf\u6d77\u7701\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u76ee\u6807\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China intentionally frames the BRI flexibly in order to adapt it to changing needs or policies, such as the addition of a “Health Silk Road” during the COVID-19.[17]<\/a>:\u200a147\u200a<\/sup> The Health Silk Road (HSR) is an initiative under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aimed at enhancing public health infrastructure and fostering international cooperation in healthcare. Initiated as part of China’s broader strategy to engage in global health governance, the HSR seeks to improve healthcare facilities, enhance disease prevention, and strengthen healthcare cooperation across participating countries. The initiative includes the construction of healthcare facilities, such as hospitals in Pakistan and Laos, and collaborative programs with global organizations like the World Health Organization. Academic Shaoyu Yuan<\/a> finds that while the HSR contributes to health sector improvements in participating nations, it also prompts discussions regarding the long-term debt sustainability and the transparency of project execution. As the HSR expands, it exemplifies China’s role in global health diplomacy, reflecting a complex interplay between development goals and geopolitical strategy.[37]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u610f\u5c06\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\uff08BRI\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u7075\u6d3b\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u3002[17]\uff1a147\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff08HSR\uff09\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u536b\u751f\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6218\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u8001\u631d\u7684\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u8881\u5c11\u7389\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5065\u5eb7\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u957f\u671f\u503a\u52a1\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u6267\u884c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5065\u5eb7\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u536b\u751f\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u6218\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[37]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BRI’s stated objectives are “to construct a unified large market and make full use of both international and domestic markets, through cultural exchange<\/a> and integration, to enhance mutual understanding and trust of member nations, resulting in an innovative pattern of capital inflows, talent pools<\/a>, and technology databases.”[19]<\/a><\/sup> The Belt and Road Initiative addresses an “infrastructure gap” and thus has the potential to accelerate economic growth across the Asia Pacific<\/a>, Africa and Central and Eastern Europe<\/a>. A report from the World Pensions Council<\/a> estimates that Asia, excluding China, requires up to US$900 billion of infrastructure investments per year over the next decade, mostly in debt instruments, 50% above current infrastructure spending rates.[20]<\/a><\/sup> The gaping need for long-term capital explains why many Asian and Eastern European heads of state “gladly expressed their interest in joining this new international financial institution focusing solely on ‘real assets’ and infrastructure-driven economic growth”.[21]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u6784\u5efa\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u56fd\u5185\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8d44\u672c\u6d41\u5165\u3001\u4eba\u624d\u5e93\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002[19]\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7f3a\u53e3\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u4e9a\u592a\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u4e2d\u6b27\u53ca\u4e1c\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u6bcf\u5e74\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u8fbe 9000 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u503a\u52a1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u652f\u51fa\u7387\u9ad8\u51fa 50%\u3002[20] \u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u201c\u6b23\u7136\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u2018\u5b9e\u7269\u8d44\u4ea7\u2019\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9a71\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u201d\u3002[21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The initial focus has been infrastructure investment, education, construction materials, railway and highway, automobile, real estate, power grid, and iron and steel.[22]<\/a><\/sup> Already, some estimates list the Belt and Road Initiative as one of the largest infrastructure and investment projects in history, covering more than 68 countries, including 65% of the world’s population<\/a> and 40% of the global gross domestic product as of 2017.[23]<\/a>[24]<\/a><\/sup> The project builds on the old trade routes that once connected China to the west, Marco Polo<\/a> and Ibn Battuta<\/a>‘s routes in the north and the maritime expedition routes of Ming dynasty<\/a> admiral Zheng He<\/a> in the south. The Belt and Road Initiative now refers to the entire geographical area of the historic “Silk Road<\/a>” trade route<\/a>, which has been continuously used in antiquity.[25]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6700\u521d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u516c\u8def\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u7535\u7f51\u548c\u94a2\u94c1\u3002[22] \u4e00\u4e9b\u4f30\u8ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u5217\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8986\u76d6 68 \u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u754c 65% \u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u548c 2017 \u5e74\u5168\u7403 40% \u7684\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u3002[23][24] \u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u65e7\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u662f\u9a6c\u53ef\u6ce2\u7f57\u548c\u4f0a\u672c\u767d\u56fe\u6cf0\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u662f\u660e\u671d\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\u90d1\u548c\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u8fdc\u5f81\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u73b0\u5728\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goals of the BRI were officially presented for the first time in a 2015 document, the Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Belt and Road<\/em>.[17]<\/a>:\u200a76\u200a<\/sup> It outlined six economic corridors for trade and investment connectivity would be implemented.[17]<\/a>:\u200a76\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u9996\u6b21\u5728 2015 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u300a\u63a8\u52a8\u5171\u5efa\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u7684\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u300b\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u3002[17]:\u200a76 \u5b83\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c06\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u516d\u6761\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u3002[17]:\u200a76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BRI develops new markets for Chinese firms, channels excess industrial capacity overseas, increases China’s access to resources, and strengthens its ties with partner countries.[17]<\/a>:\u200a34\u200a<\/sup> The initiative generates its own export demand because Chinese loans enable participating countries to develop infrastructure projects involving Chinese firms and expertise.[7]<\/a>:\u200a43\u200a<\/sup> The infrastructure developed also helps China to address the imbalance between its more developed eastern regions<\/a> and its less developed western regions<\/a>.[7]<\/a>:\u200a43\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5c06\u8fc7\u5269\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u80fd\u5f15\u5411\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f19\u4f34\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[17]:\u200a34\u200a \u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u4f7f\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u5f00\u53d1\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u3002[7]:\u200a43\u200a \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e1c\u90e8\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u4e0e\u897f\u90e8\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u3002[7]:\u200a43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For developing countries, the BRI is appealing because of the opportunities it offers to alleviate their economic disadvantages relative to Western countries.[17]<\/a>:\u200a49\u200a<\/sup> The BRI offers them infrastructure development, financial assistance, and technical assistance from China.[26]<\/a>:\u200a223\u200a<\/sup> The increase in foreign direct investment and increased trade linkages also increases employment and poverty alleviation for these countries.[26]<\/a>:\u200a224\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a3\u52bf\u3002[17]:\u200a49\u200a \u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u6280\u672f\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[26]:\u200a223\u200a \u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u51cf\u8d2b\u3002[26]:\u200a224<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While some countries, especially the United States, view the project critically because of possible Chinese government influence, others point to the creation of a new global growth engine by connecting and moving Asia, Europe and Africa closer together.[27]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u7403\u589e\u957f\u5f15\u64ce\u3002[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simon Shen and Wilson Chan have compared the initiative to the post-World War II Marshall Plan.[36]<\/a><\/sup> It is the largest infrastructure investment by a great power since the Marshall Plan.[7]<\/a>:\u200a1\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6c88\u8054\u6d9b\uff08Simon Shen\uff09\u548c\u9648\u5fd7\u6b66\uff08Wilson Chan\uff09\u5c06\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002[36]\u81ea\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u3002[7]\uff1a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb | International relations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Belt and Road Initiative is believed by some analysts to be a way to extend Chinese economic and political influence.[24]<\/a>[42]<\/a><\/sup> Some geopolitical analysts have couched the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of Halford Mackinder<\/a>‘s heartland theory<\/a>.[43]<\/a>[44]<\/a>[45]<\/a><\/sup> Scholars have noted that official PRC media attempts to mask any strategic dimensions of the Belt and Road Initiative as a motivation,[46]<\/a><\/sup> while others note that the BRI also serves as signposts for Chinese provinces and ministries, guiding their policies and actions.[47]<\/a><\/sup> Academic Keyu Jin<\/a> writes that while the BRI does advance strategic interests for China, it also reflects the CCP’s vision of a world order based on “building a global community of shared future<\/a>“.[48]<\/a>:\u200a281\u2013282\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u662f\u6269\u5927\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[24][42] \u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u5c06\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7f6e\u4e8e\u54c8\u5c14\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u9ea6\u91d1\u5fb7\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002[43][44][45] \u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a9\u76d6\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6218\u7565\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c[46] \u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u7701\u548c\u90e8\u59d4\u7684\u8def\u6807\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002[47] \u5b66\u8005\u91d1\u523b\u7fbd\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u786e\u5b9e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4eba\u7c7b\u547d\u8fd0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u613f\u666f\u3002[48]\uff1a\u200a281\u2013282<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China has already invested billions of dollars in several South Asian countries like Pakistan<\/a>, Nepal<\/a>, Sri Lanka<\/a>, Bangladesh<\/a> and Afghanistan<\/a> to improve their basic infrastructure, with implications for China’s trade regime as well as its military influence. This project can also become a new economic corridor for different regions. For example, in the Caucasus region, China considered cooperation with Armenia<\/a> from May 2019. Chinese and Armenian sides had multiple meetings, signed contracts, initiated a north\u2013south road program to solve even infrastructure-related aspects.[49]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u3001\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6295\u8d44\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece 2019 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u8d77\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u5357\u5317\u516c\u8def\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[49]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u519b\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd | Military implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The BRI has been viewed as part of a strategy to lessen the effect of choke points<\/a> such as the Strait of Malacca<\/a> in the event of a military conflict and to blunt the U.S. island chain strategy<\/a>.[50]<\/a>[51]<\/a>[52]<\/a>[53]<\/a><\/sup> A 2023 study by AidData<\/a> of the College of William & Mary<\/a> determined that overseas port locations subject to significant BRI investment raise questions of dual military and civilian use and may be favorable for future naval bases.[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u6218\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u8f7b\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6d77\u5ce1\u7b49\u54bd\u5589\u8981\u9053\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u524a\u5f31\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5c9b\u94fe\u201d\u6218\u7565\u3002[50][51][52][53] \u5a01\u5ec9\u739b\u4e3d\u5b66\u9662 AidData \u5728 2023 \u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u91cd\u5927\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6e2f\u53e3\u5730\u70b9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u519b\u6c11\u4e24\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002[54][55]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writing in 2023, David H. Shinn<\/a> and academic Joshua Eisenman state that through the BRI, China seeks to strengthen its position and diminish American military influence, but that China’s BRI activity is likely not a prelude to American-style military bases or American-style global military presence.[56]<\/a>:\u200a161\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023 \u5e74\uff0c\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7H\u00b7\u8f9b\u6069 (David H. Shinn) \u548c\u5b66\u8005\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u00b7\u827e\u68ee\u66fc (Joshua Eisenman) \u64b0\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u52a0\u5f3a\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u524a\u5f31\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u5168\u7403\u519b\u4e8b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u524d\u594f\u3002[56]\uff1a\u200a161<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other analysts characterize China’s construction of ports which could have dual-uses<\/a> as an attempt to avoid the necessity of establishing strictly military bases.[56]<\/a>:\u200a273\u200a<\/sup> According to academic Xue Guifang, China is not motivated to repeat the model of the People’s Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti<\/a>.[56]<\/a>:\u200a273\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u519b\u6c11\u4e24\u7528\u6e2f\u53e3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3002[56]:\u200a273\u200a \u636e\u5b66\u8005\u859b\u6842\u82b3\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e0\u610f\u91cd\u590d\u5409\u5e03\u63d0\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u652f\u63f4\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002[56]:\u200a273<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u897f\u65b9\u5730\u533a | Western regions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Further information: Xinjiang conflict<\/a> and Persecution of Uyghurs in China<\/a>
\u3010\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u7586\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5bf9\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u4eba\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u201d\u8bcd\u6761\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economic development of China’s less developed western regions, particularly Xinjiang<\/a>, is one of the government’s stated goals in pursuing the BRI.[57]<\/a>[58]<\/a>:\u200a199\u200a<\/sup> The strategic location of Xinjiang has also been recognized as central. In 2014, state media<\/a> outlet Xinhua News Agency<\/a> stated Xinjiang “connects Pakistan, Mongolia, Russia, India, and four other central Asian countries with a borderline extending 5,600 km, giving it easy access to the Eurasian heartland.”[59]<\/a><\/sup> Some analysts have suggested that the CCP considers Xinjiang’s local population, the Uyghurs<\/a>, and their attachment to their traditional lands potential threats to the BRI’s success, or it fears that developing Xinjiang may also open it up to radicalizing Islamic influences from other states which are participating in the BRI.[60]<\/a>[61]<\/a>[62]<\/a>[63]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65b0\u7586\u3002[57][58]:\u200a199\u200a \u65b0\u7586\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u30022014 \u5e74\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u79f0\u65b0\u7586\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fb9\u5883\u7ebf\u957f\u8fbe 5,600 \u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u8f7b\u677e\u8fdb\u5165\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u8179\u5730\u3002\u201d[59] \u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7586\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u53e3\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f9d\u604b\u5bf9\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6784\u6210\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u62c5\u5fc3\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7586\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u53c2\u4e0e\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[60][61][62][63]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bba\u575b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u6587\u5e93<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u732e\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bba\u575b\u5706\u684c\u5cf0\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u516c\u62a5<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\u4e0e15\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bba\u575b<\/a>\u201d\uff08Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation\uff09\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac<\/a>\u4e3e\u884c\u300214\u65e5\u8bba\u575b\u573a\u5730\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73<\/a>\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u5f00\u5e55\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u643a\u624b\u63a8\u8fdb\u2018\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u2019\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2[86]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002130\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c70\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d[87]<\/a><\/sup>[88]<\/a><\/sup>\u300215\u65e5\u8bba\u575b\u573a\u5730\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u90ca\u96c1\u6816\u6e56\uff0c\u753129\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996<\/a>\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8111<\/a>\u53ca\u5404\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5706\u684c\u5cf0\u4f1a[89]<\/a><\/sup>[90]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5706\u684c\u5cf0\u4f1a\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73<\/a>\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u526f\u603b\u7406\u5f20\u9ad8\u4e3d<\/a>\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e86\u53d1\u8a00[91]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51fa\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u9a6c\u514b\u91cc\u3001\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u5362\u5361\u7533\u79d1<\/a>\u3001\u667a\u5229<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u5df4\u5207\u83b1\u7279<\/a>\u3001\u6377\u514b<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u6cfd\u66fc\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u4f50\u79d1\u3001\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u7eb3\u624e\u5c14\u5df4\u8036\u592b\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u80af\u96c5\u5854\u3001\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u963f\u5766\u5df4\u8036\u592b\u3001\u8001\u631d<\/a>\u4eba\u9769\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u66a8\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u672c\u626c<\/a>\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u675c\u7279\u5c14\u7279<\/a>\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u666e\u4eac<\/a>\u3001\u745e\u58eb<\/a>\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6d1b\u4f0a\u7279\u54c8\u5fb7\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u57c3\u5c14\u591a\u5b89<\/a>\u3001\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u603b\u7edf\u7c73\u5c14\u6d4e\u7ea6\u8036\u592b\u3001\u8d8a\u5357<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u9648\u5927\u5149<\/a>\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u9996\u76f8\u6d2a\u68ee<\/a>\u3001\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u6d77\u5c14\u9a6c\u91cc\u4e9a\u59c6\u3001\u6590\u6d4e\u603b\u7406\u59c6\u62dc\u5c3c\u9a6c\u62c9\u9a6c\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u9f50\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u603b\u7406\u6b27\u5c14\u73ed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u771f\u8482\u6d1b\u5c3c\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u7eb3\u5409\u5e03\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u56fd<\/a>\u603b\u7406\u989d\u5c14\u767b\u5df4\u7279\u3001\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u56fd\u52a1\u8d44\u653f<\/a>\u6602\u5c71\u7d20\u5b63<\/a>\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u603b\u7406\u8c22\u91cc\u592b<\/a>\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u5e0c\u5fb7\u6c83\u3001\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u66a8\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u6b66\u5951\u5947\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9996\u76f8<\/a>\u62c9\u970d\u4f0a\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361<\/a>\u603b\u7406\u7ef4\u514b\u52d2\u9a6c\u8f9b\u54c8\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u53e4\u7279\u96f7\u65af<\/a>\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c<\/a>\u884c\u957f\u91d1\u5889<\/a>\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u603b\u88c1\u62c9\u52a0\u5fb7<\/a>\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba[91]<\/a><\/sup>[92]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8054\u5408\u516c\u62a5[92]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd<\/a>\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5171\u540c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a<\/a>\u8bae\u5458\u6734\u70b3\u9521<\/a>\uff08\u56fd\u4f1a<\/a>\u526f\u8bae\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\uff09[93]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u671d\u9c9c<\/a>\u5bf9\u5916\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u91d1\u82f1\u5bb0<\/a>[94]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u81ea\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u5e72\u4e8b\u957f\u3001\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5927\u81e3\u4e8c\u9636\u4fca\u535a<\/a>\u3001\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u54c8\u8499\u5fb7<\/a>\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u7279\u6717\u666e<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u987e\u95ee\u517c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u6ce2\u5ef7\u6770<\/a>\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5728\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u56fd\u53d7\u9080\u51fa\u5e2d\u8be5\u5cf0\u4f1a[95]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9 | Membership<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u622a\u81f32024\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e152\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c32\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86200\u591a\u4efd\u5171\u5efa\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5408\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6[1]<\/a>[97]<\/a>[98]<\/a>[99]<\/a>[100]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u8868\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d1\u8d77\u56fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n