{"id":5131,"date":"2025-01-15T08:46:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T00:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5131"},"modified":"2025-01-15T09:13:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T01:13:25","slug":"bitcoin-in-el-salvador-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/01\/15\/bitcoin-in-el-salvador-en\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitcoin in El Salvador\uff08\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5728\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\uff09-\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0became the first country in the world to use\u00a0bitcoin<\/a>\u00a0as\u00a0legal tender<\/a>, after having been adopted as such by the\u00a0Legislative Assembly of El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0in 2021.[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It has been promoted by\u00a0Nayib Bukele<\/a>, the\u00a0president of El Salvador<\/a>, who claimed that it would improve the economy by making banking easier for Salvadorans, and that it would encourage\u00a0foreign investment<\/a>. In 2022, more Salvadorians had Bitcoin\u00a0Lightning<\/a>\u00a0wallets than bank accounts.[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In 2023, Bukele has credited this change to fueling the increase in tourism to El Salvador by 95%. The adoption has been criticized both internationally and within El Salvador, due to the\u00a0volatility<\/a>\u00a0of Bitcoin, its\u00a0environmental impact<\/a>, and lack of transparency regarding the government’s fiscal policy. In 2024, El Salvador agreed to partially limit its involvement with Bitcoin as part of a deal made with the\u00a0International Monetary Fund<\/a>\u00a0(IMF).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112021\u5e74\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6848\u540e\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[1]\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u603b\u7edf\u7eb3\u4f0a\u5e03\u00b7\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\uff08Nayib Bukele\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u5c06\u4f7f\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u30022022\u5e74\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u95ea\u7535\u7f51\u7edc\u94b1\u5305\u7684\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4eba\u6bd4\u62e5\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u3002[2][3]2023\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u5c06\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u589e\u957f95%\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u7f3a\u4e4f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u548c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u56fd\u5185\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u30022024\u5e74\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u540c\u610f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IMF\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u9650\u5236\u5176\u4e0e\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u80cc\u666f | Background<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article:\u00a0Economy of El Salvador<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The\u00a0col\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0(SVC) was the official currency of El Salvador from 1892 until it was replaced by the US dollar on January 1, 2001, when the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador passed the\u00a0Monetary Integration Act<\/a>\u00a0under the administration of former President Francisco Flores. The Act authorized the free circulation of the United States dollar in El Salvador, and removed the col\u00f3n from circulation.[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The purpose of\u00a0dollarizing<\/a>\u00a0El Salvador was to achieve financial stability by encouraging foreign investment and decreasing transaction costs of international trade.[5]<\/a><\/sup>
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However, the government was unable to control monetary policy after dollarization, as the value of currency was tied to the\u00a0United States Federal Reserve<\/a>. The exchange rate, which was fixed at one\u00a0U.S dollar<\/a>\u00a0being equivalent to 8.75 col\u00f3ns, decreased the purchasing power of the population.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Dollarization slowed down El Salvador’s exports because it could not compete against the undervalued currencies of other developing countries such as China. The lack of financial literacy harmed the population of El Salvador since they did not know how to use the US dollar, nor did they understand its value.[7]<\/a><\/sup>
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Remittances<\/a>\u00a0accounted for 23% of GDP in 2020.[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0They are currently delivered by\u00a0money transmitters<\/a>, which operate on an in-person basis.[9]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020\u5e74\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c47\u5360\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff08GDP\uff09\u768423%\u3002[8]\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c47\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u94b1\u6b3e\u6c47\u5151\u5546\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u3002[9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, the village of\u00a0El Zonte<\/a>\u00a0adopted bitcoin as a payment following a donation of $100,000 worth of bitcoin from an anonymous donor.[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The donation came with the stipulation that the village adopt a\u00a0circular economy<\/a>\u00a0based on bitcoin.[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Many residents in El Zonte did not have access to banking services, and accessed bitcoin through mobile devices and Bitcoin ATMs in commercial areas.[12]<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The village has since become known as “Bitcoin Beach”, and has been cited as an example of using cryptocurrency as legal tender by advocates of bitcoin.[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0As of 2022,\u00a0Honduras<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Guatemala<\/a>\u00a0had also made attempts to attract tourists through the use of bitcoin in “bitcoin hubs.”[15]<\/a>[16]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112019\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5b97\u7279\u6751\uff08El Zonte\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u533f\u540d\u6350\u8d60\u8005\u6350\u8d60\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c10\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[10]\u6350\u8d60\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u8be5\u6751\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002[11]\u57c3\u5c14\u5b97\u7279\u6751\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eab\u53d7\u94f6\u884c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u81ea\u52a8\u67dc\u5458\u673a\u63a5\u89e6\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[12][13]\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u6751\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6d77\u6ee9\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u5f15\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002[14]\u622a\u81f32022\u5e74\uff0c\u6d2a\u90fd\u62c9\u65af\u548c\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002[15][16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u91c7\u7528 | Adoption<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

On June 5, 2021\u00a0President of El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0Nayib Bukele<\/a>\u00a0announced a bill to adopt bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador,[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0via an English-language video at Bitcoin Conference 2021 in\u00a0Miami<\/a>.[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Bukele claimed that the adoption of\u00a0Bitcoin<\/a>\u00a0would make it easier for Salvadorans living abroad to send\u00a0remittances<\/a>\u00a0to their relatives in the country. The use of bitcoin would also make digital transactions more accessible to\u00a0underbanked<\/a>\u00a0people.[19]<\/a><\/sup>
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On June 9, 2021, the\u00a0Legislative Assembly of El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0voted to adopt the\u00a0Bitcoin Law<\/a>, that would make the\u00a0cryptocurrency<\/a>\u00a0legal tender<\/a>\u00a0in the country, with a majority vote of 62 of the 84 deputies in favor.[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The government announced that it had set aside $150 million in cash to back the country’s bitcoin.[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The\u00a0World Bank<\/a>\u00a0rejected a request from the government to assist with the implementation of the law due to transparency concerns and the environmental impact of bitcoin mining.[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The government announced that it would distribute\u00a0US$<\/a>30 in bitcoin to people who sign up to use an electronic wallet called\u00a0Chivo<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(Salvadorean slang for ‘cool’), at a cost of up to $75 million.[23]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Chivo is run by a private enterprise, but information regarding the platform and its policies are classified by the government.[21]<\/a>[24]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112021\u5e746\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee584\u540d\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d62\u7968\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u4f7f\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u3002[20]\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5df2\u9884\u75591.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u73b0\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u50a8\u5907\u3002[21]\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u5b9e\u65bd\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6316\u77ff\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5b58\u5728\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002[22]\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5c06\u5411\u6ce8\u518c\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5947\u6c83\u201d\uff08Chivo\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u8bed\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u94b1\u5305\u201d\uff09\u7535\u5b50\u94b1\u5305\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u53d130\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5217\u4e3a\u673a\u5bc6\u3002[21][24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A poll published by the\u00a0Central American University<\/a>\u00a0in September 2021 found that 9 out of 10 Salvadorans did not have a clear understanding of what bitcoin was, and 68% disagreed with the decision to adopt it as legal tender.[25]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The government of El Salvador purchased \u20bf400, worth about $20.9 million at the time, on September 6.[26]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0On September 7, 2021, the Bitcoin Law came into effect and bitcoin became legal tender in El Salvador, making it the first country in the world to do so.[27]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0As part of this adoption, the government began requiring all businesses to accept it.[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Under the law, transactions in bitcoin are not subject to capital gains tax, and foreign bitcoin investors who invest over \u20bf3 in the country are eligible for permanent residence.[29]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u5b66\u4e8e2021\u5e749\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c10\u540d\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4eba\u4e2d\u67099\u540d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c68%\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u5176\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002[25]2021\u5e749\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86400\u679a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ef7\u503c\u7ea62090\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[26]2021\u5e749\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6cd5\u300b\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6210\u4e3a\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[27]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91c7\u7eb3\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a5\u53d7\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[28]\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u53d7\u8d44\u672c\u5229\u5f97\u7a0e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8d85\u8fc73\u679a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u83b7\u5f97\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u7559\u6743\u3002[29]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u53cd\u54cd | Reaction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The adoption of bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador drew criticism both internationally, and within El Salvador. On September 7, thousands of protestors gathered in\u00a0San Salvador<\/a>\u00a0to protest the launch of Chivo and the adoption of bitcoin. The cause of these protests was concern over a lack of transparency regarding the creation of the Bitcoin Law and Chivo, and the use of tax dollars to purchase bitcoin.[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The limited rate of\u00a0internet penetration<\/a>\u00a0in El Salvador would also limit the number of people who could make use of cryptocurrency.[30]<\/a><\/sup>
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Many international financial experts warned that bitcoin’s volatility would introduce unnecessary risk and instability to El Salvador’s underdeveloped economy.[31]<\/a>[21]<\/a>[32]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In July 2021,\u00a0Moody’s Investors Service<\/a>\u00a0downgraded the credit rating of El Salvador, citing Bukele’s fiscal policies and the adoption of bitcoin as a factor.[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The day following El Salvador’s adoption of bitcoin, Panamanian congressman\u00a0Gabriel Silva<\/a>\u00a0proposed a similar bill that would give “legal, regulatory, and fiscal certainty to the use, holding and issuance of digital value and crypto assets in the Republic of Panama.”[34]<\/a><\/sup>
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Some critics suggested that\u00a0bitcoin’s anonymity would make it easier to engage in money laundering and criminal activities<\/a>.[35]<\/a>[36]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In particular, the potential use of Bitcoin to evade taxes, and in transactions related to\u00a0transnational gangs<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0human trafficking in El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0was noted.[37]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d17\u94b1\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52a8\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002[35][36]\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9003\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4e0e\u8de8\u56fd\u5e2e\u6d3e\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8d29\u5356\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[37]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The international cryptocurrency community was largely supportive of the law,[38]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0which they believed could lead to a greater acceptance of cryptocurrency by states and central banks.[39]<\/a>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Cryptocurrency advocates on\u00a0Twitter<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Instagram<\/a>\u00a0shared videos of people using bitcoin to make purchases at chains like\u00a0Starbucks<\/a>,\u00a0Pizza Hut<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0McDonald’s<\/a>.[10]<\/a>[41]<\/a><\/sup>
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A poll by the Centro de Estudios Ciudadanos at\u00a0Francisco Gavidia University<\/a>\u00a0in November 2021, found that 91% of Salvadorans preferred to use the US dollar over Bitcoin.[42]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In January 2022,\u00a0Fortune<\/em><\/a>\u00a0reported that the switch to bitcoin had made paying remittances more difficult for many Salvadorans, rather than easier as had been promised, because the fees associated with the bitcoin transactions were several times as expensive as traditional remittances.[43]<\/a><\/sup>
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In January 2022, the\u00a0International Monetary Fund<\/a>\u00a0urged El Salvador to cease using bitcoin as legal tender, citing its risk to the country’s financial stability, integrity and consumer protection.[44]<\/a>[45]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The IMF advised that the continued use of bitcoin would make it less likely that the institution would grant El Salvador a previously discussed loan of $1.3 billion.[46]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08International Monetary Fund\uff09\u6566\u4fc3\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5bf9\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u8bda\u4fe1\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u6784\u6210\u98ce\u9669\u3002[44][45]\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6279\u51c6\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5411\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u63d0\u4f9b13\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002[46]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During an interview with\u00a0Tucker Carlson<\/a>\u00a0in 2023, Bukele credited the Bitcoin legal tender law with fueling the increase in tourism to El Salvador by 95%.[47]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\uff08Bukele\uff09\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5854\u514b\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Tucker Carlson\uff09\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u4e8695%\u3002[47]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5728\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd | Usage of and economic impact of bitcoin in El Salvador<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 2021\u5e74\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd | Immediate impact in 2021<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Chivo launched in October 2021, and immediately drew criticism for issues regarding features like payment processing and transactions.[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Shortly after midnight, Bukele confirmed via Twitter that the app was not available through either the\u00a0Apple Store<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0Huawei<\/a>, although Huawei later added it.[48]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Chivo was disabled a few hours after launch to allow the platform to increase the capacity of its servers.[49]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The system was also plagued by\u00a0identity theft<\/a>, which resulted in the theft of sign-on bonuses. Shortly after launch, Chivo announced that it was changing its pricing features to prevent\u00a0scalping<\/a>, which led to further complaints over the difficulty of\u00a0day trading<\/a>\u00a0on Chivo and pricing discrepancies.[50]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5947\u6c83\uff08Chivo\uff09\u4e8e2021\u5e7410\u6708\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u56e0\u5176\u652f\u4ed8\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u906d\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u3002[18]\u5348\u591c\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u7279\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u82f9\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u5546\u5e97\u6216\u534e\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u5546\u5e97\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u534e\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5546\u5e97\u3002[48]\u5947\u6c83\u5728\u63a8\u51fa\u540e\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u88ab\u7981\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002[49]\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u8eab\u4efd\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u767b\u5f55\u5956\u91d1\u88ab\u76d7\u3002\u63a8\u51fa\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5947\u6c83\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u66f4\u6539\u5176\u5b9a\u4ef7\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u56e4\u79ef\u5c45\u5947\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5728\u5947\u6c83\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u95f4\u4ea4\u6613\u96be\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9a\u4ef7\u5dee\u5f02\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\u3002[50]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The majority of users stopped using the platform after they had collected their sign on bonuses.[51]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0According to\u00a0Financial Times<\/a><\/em>, one of the country’s largest banks reported that during the first week of Chivo’s under 0.0001% of its transactions were in bitcoin.[52]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u5728\u9886\u53d6\u4e86\u6ce8\u518c\u5956\u91d1\u540e\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u3002[51]\u636e\u300a\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u4e00\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u5947\u6c83\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4e0d\u52300.0001%\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002[52]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of El Salvador began purchasing bitcoin. It spent about $85.5 million on bitcoin between September 2021 and January 2022.[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The value of bitcoin began decreasing in November 2021, and had fallen by about 45% of its value by January 2022.[54]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It is estimated that the Salvadoran national reserves had lost $22 million as a result of this.[55]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The government continued to purchase bitcoins during this dip, and had holdings of at least \u20bf1,801 valued at $66 million as of January 2022.[56]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112021\u5e74\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d2d\u4e70\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u30022021\u5e749\u6708\u81f32022\u5e741\u6708\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u7ea68550\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[53]2021\u5e7411\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u52302022\u5e741\u6708\u65f6\u5df2\u4e0b\u8dcc\u4e86\u7ea645%\u3002[54]\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u50a8\u5907\u635f\u5931\u4e862200\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[55]\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2d\u4e70\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff0c\u622a\u81f32022\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5176\u6301\u6709\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a1801\u679a\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c6600\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[56]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bukele announced that the government would use sustainable\u00a0geothermal energy<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0Bitcoin mining<\/a>. Bitcoin mining uses large amounts of energy, which contributes to pollution if fossil fuels power it.[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Bukele announced plans to build\u00a0Bitcoin City<\/a>\u00a0in November 2021, to be built in a circle at the base of the\u00a0Conchagua volcano<\/a>, which would provide geothermal energy for bitcoin mining.[58]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Income taxes would be waived in the city.[59]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6316\u77ff\u3002\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6316\u77ff\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4f9b\u7535\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u6c61\u67d3\u3002[57]2021\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u5ba3\u5e03\u8ba1\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u57ce\uff08Bitcoin City\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u5efa\u5728\u5b54\u67e5\u74dc\uff08Conchagua\uff09\u706b\u5c71\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\u6e90\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6316\u77ff\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b\u3002[58]\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u514d\u5f81\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3002[59]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The announcement caused the value of El Salvador’s overseas bonds to fall by 30% in December 2021.[60]<\/a>[38]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In 2022, the government began drafting legislation for the creation of $1 billion in “Volcano Bonds”.[61]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Half of these bonds would fund Bukele’s Bitcoin City, with the remaining half used to purchase bitcoin on a five-year\u00a0lock up period<\/a>.[39]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u6d77\u5916\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u57282021\u5e7412\u6708\u4e0b\u8dcc\u4e8630%\u3002[60][38]2022\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d77\u8349\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u53d1\u884c10\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u201c\u706b\u5c71\u503a\u5238\u201d\u3002[61]\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u503a\u5238\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u52a9\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u57ce\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u671f\u5185\u8d2d\u4e70\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[39]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later that year, 100 days after the Bitcoin Law came into force, according to a survey done by the\u00a0Central American University<\/a>: 34.8% of the population had no confidence in bitcoin, 35.3% had little confidence, 13.2% had some confidence, and 14.1% had a lot of confidence. 56.6% of respondents had downloaded the government bitcoin wallet; among them 62.9% had not yet used it or used it only once, whereas 36.3% used bitcoin at least once a month.[62]<\/a>[63]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u540c\u5e74\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6cd5\u5f8b\u751f\u6548100\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\uff1a34.8%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c35.3%\u7684\u4eba\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c13.2%\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c14.1%\u7684\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u300256.6%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u94b1\u5305\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d62.9%\u7684\u4eba\u5c1a\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u6216\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c36.3%\u7684\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf\u6708\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[62][63]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 2022\u5e74\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 | Usage in 2022<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A year after the adoption of bitcoin, economic surveys found that cryptocurrency was not widely used in El Salvador, due in part to a lack of digital literacy. A study published by the\u00a0US National Bureau of Economic Research<\/a>\u00a0found that 20% of people who downloaded the Chivo app did not use their $30 sign-on bonus. 61% of Chivo users stopped using the app after spending their bonus.[64]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Despite governmental support for universal bitcoin acceptance, only an estimated 20% of businesses accepted payment in bitcoin by 2022.[36]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce found that only 14% of businesses in El Salvador had conducted bitcoin transactions between September 2021 and July 2022, while 3% felt that being able to use bitcoin was valuable.[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0According to the Central Reserve Bank, bitcoin was used in 1.9% of remittance payments sent to El Salvador between September 2021 and April 2022.[66]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Media outlets reported that bitcoin had failed to increase tourist revenue, and that its use even in tourist hubs was limited to a minority of tourists.[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0However, some businesses in El Zonte reported that they had seen a 30% increase in business from cryptocurrency tourists.[67]<\/a><\/sup>
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In March 2022, the Salvadoran government announced that the “Volcano Bonds” project had been postponed, citing global economic conditions and the\u00a0Russian invasion of Ukraine<\/a>\u00a0as factors.[68]<\/a>[69]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u706b\u5c71\u503a\u5238\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u5df2\u63a8\u8fdf\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002[68][69]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the\u00a02021\u20132022 cryptocurrency crash<\/a>, bitcoin lost 70% of its value by June 2022 from a market high in November 2021.[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0By this time, Bukele had spent about US$150 million, roughly 4% of El Salvador’s national reserves, to invest in Bitcoin.[71]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0According to\u00a0BBC<\/a>, the 2,300 bitcoins purchased by the Salvadoran government had lost 50% of their value as of mid-2022.[67]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0El Salvador’s economic growth rate declined during this time, and many economists predicted it would likely default on its debt.[70]<\/a>[needs update<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>\u00a0In response to these issues, Bukele decreased public expenditure, including water infrastructure and public services in some municipalities.[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0He frequently responded to volatility in the cryptocurrency market by announcing on Twitter that he was “buying the dip<\/a>.”[72]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In June 2022, he bought an additional 80 bitcoin. The Salvadoran Minister of Finance\u00a0Alejandro Zelaya<\/a>\u00a0stated that the country had not lost any money during the crash, because it did not sell any of its bitcoin.[73]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282021\u5e74\u81f32022\u5e74\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u5d29\u76d8\u540e\uff0c\u622a\u81f32022\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u8f832021\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9ad8\u70b9\u5df2\u8d2c\u503c70%\u3002[70]\u5230\u6b64\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u5df2\u82b1\u8d39\u7ea61.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7ea6\u5360\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u50a8\u5907\u76844%\uff09\u6295\u8d44\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[71]\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u622a\u81f32022\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u76842300\u679a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5df2\u8d2c\u503c50%\u3002[67]\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u9884\u6d4b\u8be5\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdd\u7ea6\u503a\u52a1\u3002[70][\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0]\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e02\u653f\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u3002[65]\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u5728\u201c\u9022\u4f4e\u4e70\u5165\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u56de\u5e94\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002[72]2022\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u768480\u679a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u4e9a\u5386\u676d\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u6cfd\u62c9\u4e9a\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6b21\u5d29\u76d8\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u635f\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u552e\u4efb\u4f55\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3002[73]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prior to the crash, several other countries had announced plans to adopt bitcoin as legal tender, but only the\u00a0Central African Republic<\/a>\u00a0had done so by mid-2022.[67]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u5d29\u76d8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ba3\u5e03\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u622a\u81f32022\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u3002[67]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 2023\u20132024<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By September 2023, two years after the Bitcoin law went into effect, the\u00a0Spanish<\/a>\u00a0newspaper of record\u00a0El Pa\u00eds<\/a><\/em>\u00a0reported that bitcoin adoption could not be called either a success or a failure, but should be understood as having outcomes of both. “When introducing the currency to the population, the idea was that it be used in all types of transactions: from buying street food to a property.”[74]<\/a><\/sup>
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However, the hacking of hundreds of Chivo wallets had perhaps scared many, and only 1.3% of El Salvadoran\u00a0remittances<\/a>\u00a0during 2023 had been transferred using cryptocurrencies, while even in Mexico, the amount was larger at 4%. And partially due to the longer history of US dollar legal tender in El Salvador, which provides some protection of purchasing power from inflation and devaluations, bitcoin adoption in Argentina likely surpasses that of El Salvador. The volatile bitcoin price resulted in El Salvador’s bitcoin investments having lost approximately US$45 million with a bitcoin balance worth about US$76.5 million by September 2023. Mass adoption has been slowed by the absence of a coherent educational process across the country. On the other hand, it has resulted in significantly higher in-migration of businesses and capital to El Salvador, and has put the country, and Bukele, in headlines.[74]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5947\u6c83\u94b1\u5305\u906d\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\u53ef\u80fd\u5413\u5012\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff0c2023\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u67091.3%\u7684\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4fa8\u6c47\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fbe\u52304%\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7f8e\u5143\u5728\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u548c\u8d2c\u503c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u91c7\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u3002\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6295\u8d44\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u7ea64500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u622a\u81f32023\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f59\u989d\u7ea6\u4e3a7650\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u51cf\u7f13\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u5165\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u56fd\u548c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u9891\u9891\u767b\u4e0a\u65b0\u95fb\u5934\u6761\u3002[74]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By December 2023, it was reported that the bitcoin purchased by Bukele’s administration had risen in value, and were worth US$3.7 million more than they had been purchased for. However, the Bukele administration had not yet recouped the expense of the adoption and promotion of cryptocurrency.[75]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u622a\u81f32023\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5df2\u5347\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u6bd4\u8d2d\u4e70\u65f6\u9ad8\u51fa370\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e03\u514b\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u56de\u91c7\u7528\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002[75]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of March 2024, El Salvador’s bitcoin gambit stood at a 50% profit, with bitcoin having recorded a new all-time high of over $69,000.[76]<\/a>[77]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u622a\u81f32024\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u8c6a\u8d4c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8650%\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4ef7\u683c\u521b\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc769,000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[76][77]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In December, 2024, El Salvador, in an agreement for a $1.4 billion loan from the IMF, agreed to reduce bitcoin purchases, removed the mandatory acceptance of Bitcoin requirement on merchants, will no longer accept tax payments with the asset, and will wind-down its involvement in the Chivo wallet.[78]<\/a>[79]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n\n\n\n

A. \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09| See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\"flag\"El Salvador portal<\/a>\u3010\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n