{"id":5157,"date":"2025-01-15T18:26:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5157"},"modified":"2025-01-30T20:42:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T12:42:59","slug":"federal-reserve-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/01\/15\/federal-reserve-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\uff08\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\uff09\/ Federal Reserve &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u76ee\u7684\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/18473179424\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/18680847386\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/18688687742\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5386\u53f2\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/18855844145\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/18869606091\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"See_also\">2. \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09| See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9d\/All-currency-symbol.svg\/42px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9d\/All-currency-symbol.svg\/56px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9d\/All-currency-symbol.svg\/28px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png\" alt=\"icon\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Banks\">Banks portal<\/a>\u3010\u94f6\u884c\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Emblem-money.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Business_and_economics\">Business and economics portal<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png\/42px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png\/56px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png\/28px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Numismatics\">Numismatics portal<\/a>\u3010\u94b1\u5e01\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"17\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" alt=\"flag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:United_States\">United States portal<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u9898<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C\">\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B4%B4%E7%8E%B0%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3\">\u8d34\u73b0\u7a97\u53e3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C\">\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA\">\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%9E%E8%B3%BC%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0\">\u56de\u8d2d\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94\">\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u5e94<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%AD%98%E6%AC%BE%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99%E9%87%91%E7%8E%87\">\u5b58\u6b3e\u51c6\u5907\u91d1\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B2%BC%E7%8F%BE%E7%8E%87\">\u8d34\u73b0\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%87\">\u8054\u90a6\u57fa\u91d1\u5229\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\">\u516c\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consumer_leverage_ratio\">Consumer leverage ratio<\/a>\u3010\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6760\u6746\u7387\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Core_inflation\">Core inflation<\/a>\u3010\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6760\u6746\u7387\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farm_Credit_System\">Farm Credit System<\/a>\u3010\u519c\u573a\u4fe1\u8d37\u7cfb\u7edf\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fed_model\">Fed model<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u6a21\u578b\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Home_Loan_Banks\">Federal Home Loan Banks<\/a>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u4f4f\u623f\u8d37\u6b3e\u94f6\u884c\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Police\">Federal Reserve Police<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8b66\u5bdf\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Statistical_Release\">Federal Reserve Statistical Release<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7edf\u8ba1\u516c\u544a\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_risk_management\">Financial risk management<\/a>\u3010\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_banking\">Free banking<\/a>\u3010\u81ea\u7531\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_standard\">Gold standard<\/a>\u3010\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u5236\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_debt\">Government debt<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99\">\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u52a1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenspan_put\">Greenspan put<\/a>\u3010\u683c\u6797\u65af\u6f58\u5bf9\u7b56\uff08\u6307\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5728\u80a1\u5e02\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u964d\u606f\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u63d0\u632f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Federal_Open_Market_Committee_actions\">History of Federal Open Market Committee actions<\/a>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States\">History of central banking in the United States<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u53f2\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_Treasury\">Independent Treasury<\/a>\u3010\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5e93\u5236\u5ea6\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inflation_Reduction_Act\">Inflation Reduction Act<\/a>\u3010\u901a\u80c0\u524a\u51cf\u6cd5\u6848\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legal_Tender_Cases\">Legal Tender Cases<\/a>\u3010\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u6848\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_economic_reports_by_U.S._government_agencies\">List of economic reports by U.S. government agencies<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7ecf\u6d4e\u62a5\u544a\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Risk_management\">Risk management<\/a>\u3010\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Securities_market_participants_(United_States)\">Securities market participants (United States)<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_12_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations\">Title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations<\/a>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u89c4\u6c47\u7f16\u7b2c12\u7bc7\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Consumer_Price_Index\">United States Consumer Price Index<\/a>\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Bullion_Depository\">United States Bullion Depository<\/a>\u200d\u2014\u200cknown as Fort Knox\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u4fdd\u7ba1\u5e93\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\u5821\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_central_banks\">List of central banks<\/a>\u3010\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">3. \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868 | References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u4e0e\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reservereq.htm\">&#8220;Reserve Requirements&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0May 10,\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-fed-discount-window_2-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frbdiscountwindow.org\/pages\/discount-rates\/current-discount-rates\">&#8220;The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window &amp; Payment System Risk Website&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0December 19,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-fomc-target_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/openmarket.htm\">&#8220;Open Market Operations Archive&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0December 19,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-interestonreserves_4-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reqresbalances.htm\">&#8220;Interest on Required Reserve Balances and Excess Balances&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0December 19,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080516102508\/http:\/\/minneapolisfed.org\/pubs\/region\/88-08\/reg888a.cfm\">&#8220;Born of a panic: Forming the Federal Reserve System&#8221;<\/a>. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. August 1988. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/pubs\/region\/88-08\/reg888a.cfm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on May 16, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2006\">BoG 2006<\/a>, pp.\u00a01 &#8220;Just before the founding of the Federal Reserve, the nation was plagued with financial crises. At times, these crises led to &#8216;panics,&#8217; in which people raced to their banks to withdraw their deposits. A particularly severe panic in 1907 resulted in bank runs that wreaked havoc on the fragile banking system and ultimately led Congress in 1913 to write the Federal Reserve Act. Initially created to address these banking panics, the Federal Reserve is now charged with a number of broader responsibilities, including fostering a sound banking system and a healthy economy.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a01\u20132<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h952.html\">&#8220;Panic of 1907: J.P. Morgan Saves the Day&#8221;<\/a>. US-history.com. Retrieved\u00a0December 6,\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/minneapolisfed.org\/publications_papers\/pub_display.cfm?id=3816\">&#8220;Born of a Panic: Forming the Fed System&#8221;<\/a>. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved\u00a0December 6,\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Abigail Tucker (October 29, 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/the-financial-panic-of-1907-running-from-history-82176328\">&#8220;The Financial Panic of 1907: Running from History&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Smithsonian Magazine<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0December 6,\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a01 &#8220;It was founded by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. Over the years, its role in banking and the economy has expanded.&#8221;;\u00a0Patrick, Sue C. (1993).\u00a0<em>Reform of the Federal Reserve System in the Early 1930s: The Politics of Money and Banking<\/em>. Garland.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8153-0970-3\"><bdi>978-0-8153-0970-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code\">12\u00a0U.S.C.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/12\/225a\">\u00a7\u00a0225a<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120126185423\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/faqs\/money_12848.htm\">&#8220;What is the Federal Reserve&#8217;s mandate in setting monetary policy?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federalreserve.gov<\/em>. January 25, 2012. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/faqs\/money_12848.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on January 26, 2012. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.\u00a0<q>The Congress established two key objectives for monetary policy\u2014maximum employment and stable prices\u2014in the Federal Reserve Act. These objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve&#8217;s dual mandate.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/generalinfo\/mission\/default.htm\">&#8220;FRB: Mission&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. November 6, 2009. Retrieved\u00a0October 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fredhelp.stlouisfed.org\/fred\/about\/about-fred\/what-is-fred\/\">&#8220;What is FRED? | Getting To Know FRED&#8221;<\/a>. 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Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/advisorydefault.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on April 13, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-who_owns_faq_18-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/faqs\/about_14986.htm\">&#8220;FAQ \u2013 Who owns the Federal Reserve?&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve website. Retrieved\u00a0December 1,\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lapidos, Juliet (September 19, 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/id\/2200411\">&#8220;Is the Fed Private or Public?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Slate<\/em>. 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Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.treas.gov\/topics\/currency\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 3, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/other\/20160111a.htm\">&#8220;Press Release \u2013 Federal Reserve Board announces Reserve Bank income and expense data and transfers to the Treasury for 2015&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. January 11, 2016. Retrieved\u00a0March 12,\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/pressreleases\/other20210322a.htm\">&#8220;Press Release \u2013 Federal Reserve System publishes annual financial statements&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.federalreserve.gov<\/em>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. March 22, 2021. 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Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2010-12-09\/more-than-half-of-americans-want-fed-reined-in-or-abolished\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on May 14, 2022. Retrieved\u00a0August 22,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080517044141\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/GeneralInfo\/fract\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Act&#8221;<\/a>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. May 14, 2003. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/GeneralInfo\/fract\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on May 17, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2006\">BoG 2006<\/a>, pp.\u00a01<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/monetary-policy-what-are-its-goals-how-does-it-work.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Monetary Policy: What Are Its Goals? How Does It Work?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. July 29, 2021. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-Federal_Reserve_Board_34-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bernanke, Ben (October 24, 2003).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/boardDocs\/Speeches\/2003\/20031024\/default.htm\">&#8220;Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke: At the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Conference on the Legacy of Milton and Rose Friedman&#8217;s\u00a0<em>Free to Choose<\/em>, Dallas, Texas&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(text).; FRB Speech:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/boarddocs\/speeches\/2002\/20021108\/default.htm\">FederalReserve.gov: Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke, Conference to Honor Milton Friedman, University of Chicago, Nov. 8, 2002<\/a>;\u00a0Milton Friedman; Anna Jacobson Schwartz (2008). &#8220;B. Bernanke&#8217;s speech to M. Friedman&#8221;.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-lCArZfazBkC&amp;q=%22Regarding%20the%20Great%20Depression%20You%27re%20right%20We%20did%20it%22\"><em>The Great Contraction, 1929\u20131933<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(New\u00a0ed.).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princeton_University_Press\">Princeton University Press<\/a>. p.\u00a0247.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-691-13794-0\"><bdi>978-0-691-13794-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a083<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100125071643\/http:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/glossary.cfm?js=0#l\">&#8220;Lender of last resort&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis\">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis<\/a>. 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Retrieved\u00a0September 17,\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-Fed_currency_39-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/fedpoint\/fed01.html\">&#8220;How Currency Gets into Circulation&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. June 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bep.gov\/currency\/production-figures\/annual-production-reports\">&#8220;Annual Production Reports | Engraving &amp; Printing&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.bep.gov<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0January 6,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/foia\/files\/2021currency.pdf\">&#8220;2021 Currency Budget&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). federalreserve.gov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/fedpoint\/fed15.html\">&#8220;Federal Funds&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. August 2007. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0Cook, Timothy Q.; Laroche, Robert K., eds. (1993).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090325045301\/http:\/\/www.richmondfed.org\/publications\/research\/special_reports\/instruments_of_the_money_market\/pdf\/full_publication.pdf\">&#8220;Instruments of the Money Market&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.richmondfed.org\/publications\/research\/special_reports\/instruments_of_the_money_market\/pdf\/full_publication.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on March 25, 2009. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/speech\/kohn20061103a.htm\">&#8220;Speech \u2013 Kohn, The Evolving Role of the Federal Reserve Banks&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. November 3, 2006. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100217220435\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/generalinfo\/faq\/faqfrs.htm\">&#8220;Frequently Asked Questions Federal Reserve System&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/generalinfo\/faq\/faqfrs.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on February 17, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0February 19,\u00a02010.\u00a0<q>The Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve Banks, and the Federal Reserve System as a whole are all subject to several levels of audit and review. Under the Federal Banking Agency Audit Act, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has conducted numerous reviews of Federal Reserve activities<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110709123554\/http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/archive\/1996\/gg96159t.pdf\">&#8220;Federal Reserve System Current and Future Challenges Require System-wide Attention: Statement of Charles A. Bowsher&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). United States General Accounting Office. July 26, 1996. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/archive\/1996\/gg96159t.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on July 9, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a04\u20135<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-47\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0See example:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.state.ar.us\/bank\/benefits_advantages.html\">&#8220;Advantages of Being\/Becoming a State Chartered Bank&#8221;<\/a>. Arkansas State Bank Department. March 31, 2009. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-48\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/12\/301-\">&#8220;U.S. Code Title 12, Chapter 3, Subchapter 7, Section 301. Powers and duties of board of directors; suspension of member bank for undue use of bank credit&#8221;<\/a>. Law.cornell.edu. June 22, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a083\u201385<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130315065708\/http:\/\/clevelandfed.org\/For_the_Public\/News_and_Media\/Speeches\/2005\/Pianalto_20051005.cfm\">&#8220;The Role of the Federal Reserve System&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Innovation and Education: Renewing the Northeast Ohio Economy<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Cleveland\">Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/For_the_Public\/News_and_Media\/Speeches\/2005\/Pianalto_20051005.cfm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on March 15, 2013. Retrieved\u00a0June 24,\u00a02013.<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208042053\/https:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/en\/about%20us\/who%20we%20are.aspx\">&#8220;Who We Are&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/en\/about%20us\/who%20we%20are.aspx\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 8, 2015. Retrieved\u00a0December 1,\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-FRBPhilPubPriv_51-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.philadelphiafed.org\/education\/teachers\/resources\/fed-today\/fed-today_lesson-3.pdf\">&#8220;Is The Fed Public Or Private?&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140630072104\/http:\/\/www.philadelphiafed.org\/education\/teachers\/resources\/fed-today\/fed-today_lesson-3.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0June 30, 2014, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Philadelphia\">Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia<\/a>. Retrieved June 29, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Van Loo, Rory (August 1, 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.bu.edu\/faculty_scholarship\/265\">&#8220;Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Faculty Scholarship<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>119<\/strong>\u00a0(2): 369.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code\">12\u00a0U.S.C.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/12\/247\">\u00a7\u00a0247<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220523093415\/https:\/\/www.dallasfed.org\/~\/media\/documents\/educate\/everyday\/ev4.pdf\">The Federal Reserve, Monetary Policy and the Economy<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Dallas\">Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(Report). May 2006. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dallasfed.org\/assets\/documents\/educate\/everyday\/ev4.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on May 23, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/bios\/board\/default.htm\">&#8220;FRB: Board Members&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. July 20, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-usc12-242_56-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0See\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code\">12\u00a0U.S.C.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/12\/242\">\u00a7\u00a0242<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-usc12-241_57-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0See\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code\">12\u00a0U.S.C.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/12\/241\">\u00a7\u00a0241<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Goldstein, Steve (December 27, 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/obama-to-nominate-stein-powell-to-fed-board-2011-12-27?link=MW_home_latest_news\">&#8220;Obama to nominate Stein, Powell to Fed board&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>MarketWatch<\/em>. Retrieved December 27, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111221012845\/http:\/\/www.bipartisanpolicy.org\/about\/economic-policy-project\/jerome-powell\">&#8220;&#8221;Jerome Powell: Visiting Scholar&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bipartisanpolicy.org\/about\/economic-policy-project\/jerome-powell\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 21, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lanman, Scott; Runningen, Roger (December 27, 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-12-27\/obama-to-nominate-jerome-powell-jeremy-stein-to-fed-s-board-of-governors.html\">&#8220;Obama to Choose Powell, Stein for Fed Board&#8221;<\/a>. Bloomberg LP. Retrieved December 27, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Robb, Greg (April 29, 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/obama-nominates-3-to-federal-reserve-board-2010-04-29\">&#8220;Obama nominates 3 to Federal Reserve board&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MarketWatch\">MarketWatch<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved April 29, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lanman, Scott (September 30, 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2010-09-30\/yellen-raskin-win-fed-board-confirmation-as-vote-on-monetary-easing-nears.html\">&#8220;Yellen, Raskin Win Senate Approval for Fed Board of Governors&#8221;<\/a>. Bloomberg LP. Retrieved December 27, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Censky, Annalyn (February 10, 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2011\/02\/10\/news\/economy\/fed_official_warsh_resigns\/index.htm\">&#8220;Fed inflation hawk Warsh resigns&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNNMoney\">CNNMoney<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved December 27, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Chan, Sewell (February 10, 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/02\/11\/business\/economy\/11fed.html\">&#8220;Sole Fed Governor With Close Ties to Conservatives Resigns&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>. Retrieved December 27, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Robb, Greg (March 28, 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/senator-to-block-quick-vote-on-fed-picks-report-2012-03-28?link=MW_latest_news\">&#8220;Senator to block quick vote on Fed picks: report&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>MarketWatch<\/em>. Retrieved March 28, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Robb, Greg,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/stein-sworn-in-as-fed-governor-2012-05-30\">&#8220;Stein sworn in as Fed governor&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em>MarketWatch<\/em>, May 30, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lowrey, Annie (January 6, 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/01\/07\/business\/economy\/Yellen-Senate-Vote.html\">&#8220;Senate Confirms Yellen as Fed Chairwoman&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20220102\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/01\/07\/business\/economy\/Yellen-Senate-Vote.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved\u00a0January 6,\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Puzzanghera, Jim (January 10, 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-mo-federal-reserve-stanley-fischer-obama-nominate-lael-brainard-20140110-story.html\">&#8220;Obama to nominate Stanley Fischer, 2 others to Federal Reserve seats&#8221;<\/a>. Retrieved\u00a0December 26,\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Goldstein, Steve,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/jeremy-stein-to-resign-from-federal-reserve-2014-04-03\">&#8220;Jeremy Stein to resign from Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MarketWatch\">MarketWatch<\/a><\/em>, April 3, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Appelbaum, Binyamin,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/01\/07\/business\/allan-landon-community-banker-said-to-be-choice-for-federal-reserve.html\">&#8220;Allan Landon, Community Banker, Nominated to Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>, January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-71\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Leubsdorf, Ben,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/president-obama-to-nominate-kathryn-dominguez-as-fed-governor-1437422626\">&#8220;Kathryn Dominguez to Be Nominated for Fed Governor&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em>Wall Street Journal<\/em>, July 20, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/pressreleases\/other20170210a.htm\">&#8220;Press Release, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve<\/em>. February 10, 2017. Retrieved\u00a0March 27,\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a011\u201312<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-igmchicago.org_74-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.igmchicago.org\/surveys\/fed-appointments\">&#8220;Fed Appointments \u2013 IGM Forum&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-R000107_75-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Woodward, G. Thomas (July 31, 1996).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/home.hiwaay.net\/~becraft\/FRS-myth.htm\">&#8220;Money and the Federal Reserve System: Myth and Reality \u2013 CRS Report for Congress, No. 96-672 E&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Congressional Research Service Library of Congress<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0November 23,\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-FRB_pres_76-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/bios\/banks\/default.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Bank Presidents&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. July 20, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-77\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/html\/uscode12\/usc_sup_01_12_10_3_20_VII.html\">&#8220;US Code: Title 12, Subchapter VII \u2013 Directors of Federal Reserve Banks; Reserve Agents and Assistants&#8221;<\/a>. Law.cornell.edu. June 22, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ca8.uscourts.gov\/opndir\/05\/04\/042357P.pdf\">Kennedy C. Scott v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, et al.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070614020633\/http:\/\/www.ca8.uscourts.gov\/opndir\/05\/04\/042357P.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0June 14, 2007, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bulk.resource.org\/courts.gov\/c\/F3\/406\/406.F3d.532.04-2357.html\">406 F.3d 532<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100517200626\/http:\/\/bulk.resource.org\/courts.gov\/c\/F3\/406\/406.F3d.532.04-2357.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0May 17, 2010, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0(8th Cir. 2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-Lewis-vs-U.S._79-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bulk.resource.org\/courts.gov\/c\/F2\/680\/680.F2d.1239.80-5905.html\">680 F.2d 1239<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100515062925\/http:\/\/bulk.resource.org\/courts.gov\/c\/F2\/680\/680.F2d.1239.80-5905.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0May 15, 2010, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1982).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Michael D. Reagan, &#8220;The Political Structure of the Federal Reserve System&#8221;,\u00a0<em>American Political Science Review<\/em>, Vol. 55 (March 1961), pp. 64\u201376, as reprinted in\u00a0<em>Money and Banking: Theory, Analysis, and Policy<\/em>, p. 153, ed. by S. Mittra (Random House, New York 1970).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/section2.htm\">&#8220;Section 2.3 Subscription to Stock by National Banks&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/fract.htm\"><em>Federal Reserve Act<\/em><\/a>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. December 14, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0February 6,\u00a02011.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/section5.htm\">&#8220;Section 5.1 Amount of Shares; Increase and Decrease of Capital; Surrender and Cancellation of Stock&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/fract.htm\"><em>Federal Reserve Act<\/em><\/a>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. December 14, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0February 6,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/section7.htm\">&#8220;Section 7 Division of Earnings&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/fract.htm\"><em>Federal Reserve Act<\/em><\/a>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. May 24, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0August 23,\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101026183106\/http:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/askfactcheck\/who_owns_the_federal_reserve_bank.html\">&#8220;Who owns the Federal Reserve Bank?&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/askfactcheck\/who_owns_the_federal_reserve_bank.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on October 26, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0October 16,\u00a02010.;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.richmondfed.org\/banking\/federal_reserve_membership\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Membership&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Reddy, Sudeep (August 31, 2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/economics\/2009\/08\/31\/what-would-a-federal-reserve-audit-show\/tab\/article\">&#8220;What would a federal reserve audit show&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/financial-accounting-manual.htm\">&#8220;Financial Accounting Manual for Federal Reserve Banks, January 2018&#8221;<\/a>. Retrieved\u00a0September 19,\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/other\/20120827a.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board begins practice of publishing Reserve Bank financial reports on a quarterly basis&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve Bank. August 27, 2012. Retrieved\u00a0November 24,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-87\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Chittum, Ryan (August 25, 2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/the_audit\/bloomberg_wins_its_lawsuit_aga.php\">&#8220;Bloomberg Wins Its Lawsuit Against the Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Columbia Journalism Review<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0November 24,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Docket entry 31,\u00a0<em>Bloomberg, L.P. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>, case no. 1:08-cv-09595-LAP, U.S. District Court for the District of New York.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-89\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bradley, Keoun; Kuntz, Phil; et\u00a0al.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120315072216\/https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/data-visualization\/federal-reserve-emergency-lending\">&#8220;The Fed&#8217;s Secret Liquidity Lifelines&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Bloomberg<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/data-visualization\/federal-reserve-emergency-lending\/#\/overview\/?sort=nomPeakValue&amp;group=none&amp;view=peak&amp;position=0&amp;comparelist=&amp;search=\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on March 15, 2012. Retrieved\u00a0March 17,\u00a02012.;\u00a0Torres, Craig (March 31, 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-03-31\/federal-reserve-releases-discount-window-loan-records-under-court-order.html\">&#8220;Fed Releases Discount-Window Loan Records Under Court Order&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Businessweek<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0December 20,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/files\/the-fed-explained.pdf\">&#8220;The Fed Explained: What the Central Bank Does&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>www.federalreserve.gov<\/em>. Federal Reserve System Publication. August 2021. p.\u00a042. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/policytools.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Policy Tools&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0February 15,\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-92\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reserve-balances.htm\">&#8220;Interest on Reserve Balances&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. August 9, 2023. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-93\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/discountrate.htm\">&#8220;The Discount Window and Discount Rate&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.federalreserve.gov<\/em>. July 11, 2023. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Ihrig, Jane; Weinbach, Gretchen C.; Wolla, Scott A. (September 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/page1-econ\/2021\/09\/17\/teaching-the-linkage-between-banks-and-the-fed-r-i-p-money-multiplier\">&#8220;Teaching the Linkage Between Banks and the Fed: R.I.P. Money Multiplier&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>research.stlouisfed.org<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Ihrig, Jane; Wolla, Scott A. (August 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/page1-econ\/2020\/08\/03\/the-feds-new-monetary-policy-tools\">&#8220;The Fed&#8217;s New Monetary Policy Tools&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>research.stlouisfed.org<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-FRB_of_NY_96-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/markets\/domestic-market-operations\/monetary-policy-implementationl\">&#8220;Monetary Policy Implementation&#8221;<\/a>. New York Federal Reserve Bank. August 2007. Retrieved\u00a0June 16,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-97\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20010413160651\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/fomc\/fundsrate.htm\">&#8220;Monetary Policy, Open Market Operations&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. January 26, 2010. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/fomc\/fundsrate.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on April 13, 2001. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-98\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/openmarket.htm\">&#8220;Open Market Operations&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.federalreserve.gov<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 10,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-99\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ny.frb.org\/aboutthefed\/fedpoint\/fed04.html\">&#8220;Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Transactions&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Ny.frb.org<\/em>. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. August 2007. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-100\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Federal Reserve Bank San Francisco( 2004)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-101\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Patricia S. Pollard (February 2003). &#8220;A Look Inside Two Central Banks: The European System of Central Banks and the Federal Reserve System&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>85<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a011\u201330.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3886%2FICPSR01278\">10.3886\/ICPSR01278<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1569030\">1569030<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-102\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/tdf.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Term Deposit Facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0February 15,\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-103\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions Policy on Payment System Risk&#8221;,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2010-05-05\/pdf\/2010-10483.pdf\">75 Federal Register 86 (May 5, 2010), pp. 24384\u201324389.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-104\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101007044419\/http:\/\/financialservices.house.gov\/Hearings\/hearingDetails.aspx?NewsID=1087\">&#8220;Testimony before the House Committee on Financial Services regarding &#8220;Unwinding Emergency Federal Reserve Liquidity Programs and Implications for Economic Recovery.&#8221; March 25, 2010&#8243;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/financialservices.house.gov\/Hearings\/hearingDetails.aspx?NewsID=1087\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on October 7, 2010.;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/frwebgate.access.gpo.gov\/cgi-bin\/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.184&amp;filename=56764.pdf&amp;directory=\/diska\/wais\/data\/111_house_hearings\">GPO Access Serial No. 111\u2013118 Retrieved September 10, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-105\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20100430a.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board approves amendments to Regulation D authorizing Reserve Banks to offer term deposits&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. April 30, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-106\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20100510b.htm\">&#8220;Board authorizes small-value offerings of term deposits under the Term Deposit Facility&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. May 10, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-107\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20100908a.htm\">&#8220;Board authorizes ongoing small-value offerings of term deposits under the Term Deposit Facility&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. September 8, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-108\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-01-05\/for-fed-taper-rates-then-quantitative-tightening-quicktake\">&#8220;Why Quantitative Tightening Is on the Fed&#8217;s Agenda Again&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Bloomberg<\/em>. January 5, 2022. Retrieved\u00a0April 3,\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-109\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/transcript\/transcript.php?storyId=129451895\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Mortgage Purchase Program: Planet Money&#8221;<\/a>. NPR. August 26, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-110\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a030<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-BoG_2005_pp=27_111-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-112\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a031<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-hist_resreq_113-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Feinman, Joshua N. (June 1993).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/0693lead.pdf\">&#8220;Reserve Requirements: History, Current Practice, and Potential Reform&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Bulletin\">Federal Reserve Bulletin<\/a><\/em>:\u00a0569\u2013589. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-114\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/20081006a.htm\">&#8220;Board announces that it will begin to pay interest on depository institutions required and excess reserve balances&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve. October 6, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-fed-zero-rr-pr_115-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/pressreleases\/monetary20200315b.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Actions to Support the Flow of Credit to Households and Businesses&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve System<\/em>. March 15, 2020. Retrieved\u00a0May 10,\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/taffaq.htm\">&#8220;FRB: Temporary Auction Facility FAQ&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. January 12, 2009. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-117\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20071221b.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve intends to continue term TAF auctions as necessary&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. December 21, 2007. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-tslfannounce_118-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20080311a.htm\">&#8220;Announcement of the creation of the Term Securities Lending Facility&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve. March 11, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-119\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601103&amp;sid=a6aFI7RKVhEA&amp;refer=news\">&#8220;Fed Seeks to Limit Slump by Taking Mortgage Debt&#8221;<\/a>. bloomberg.com. March 12, 2008.\u00a0&#8220;The step goes beyond past initiatives because the Fed can now inject liquidity without flooding the banking system with cash&#8230;Unlike the newest tool, the past steps added cash to the banking system, which affects the Fed&#8217;s benchmark interest rate&#8230;By contrast, the TSLF injects liquidity by lending Treasuries, which doesn&#8217;t affect the federal funds rate. That leaves the Fed free to address the mortgage crisis directly without concern about adding more cash to the system than it wants&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-120\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/newsevents\/news\/markets\/2008\/rp080316.html\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Announces Establishment of Primary Dealer Credit Facility \u2013 Federal Reserve Bank of New York&#8221;<\/a>. Newyorkfed.org. March 16, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-121\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lanman, Scott (March 20, 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601068&amp;sid=a7VHAq.o6kwU\">&#8220;Fed Says Securities Firms Borrow $28.8 Bln With New Financing&#8221;<\/a>. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/markets\/pdcf_faq.html\">&#8220;Primary Dealer Credit Facility: Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 Federal Reserve Bank of New York&#8221;<\/a>. Newyorkfed.org. February 3, 2009. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-123\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2008\/03\/17\/fed-announces-emergency-steps-to-ease-credit-crisis.html\">&#8220;Fed Announces Emergency Steps to Ease Credit Crisis \u2013 Economy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNBC\">CNBC<\/a>. Reuters. March 17, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-taf_124-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/press\/monetary\/20071212a.htm\">&#8220;Announcement of the creation of the Term Auction Facility \u2013 FRB: Press Release \u2013 Federal Reserve and other central banks announce measures designed to address elevated pressures in short-term funding markets&#8221;<\/a>. federalreserve.gov. December 12, 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-125\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20221210\/http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/66db756a-de5d-11dc-9de3-0000779fd2ac.html\">&#8220;US banks borrow $50bn via new Fed facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Financial Times<\/em>. February 18, 2008. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/66db756a-de5d-11dc-9de3-0000779fd2ac.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 10, 2022.\u00a0<q>Before its introduction, banks either had to raise money in the open market or use the so-called &#8220;discount window&#8221; for emergencies. However, last year many banks refused to use the discount window, even though they found it hard to raise funds in the market, because it was associated with the stigma of bank failure<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-126\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601103&amp;refer=news&amp;sid=aBPbErlft9cI\">&#8220;Fed Boosts Next Two Special Auctions to $30 Billion&#8221;<\/a>. Bloomberg. January 4, 2008.\u00a0<q>The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System established the temporary Term Auction Facility, dubbed TAF, in December to provide cash after interest-rate cuts failed to break banks&#8217; reluctance to lend amid concern about losses related to subprime mortgage securities. The program will make funding from the Fed available beyond the 20 authorized primary dealers that trade with the central bank<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-127\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10286586\">&#8220;A dirty job, but someone has to do it&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>economist.com<\/em>. December 13, 2007. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.\u00a0<q>The Fed&#8217;s discount window, for instance, through which it lends direct to banks, has barely been approached, despite the soaring spreads in the interbank market. The quarter-point cuts in its federal funds rate and discount rate on December 11 were followed by a steep sell-off in the stockmarket&#8230;The hope is that by extending the maturity of central-bank money, broadening the range of collateral against which banks can borrow and shifting from direct lending to an auction, the central bankers will bring down spreads in the one- and three-month\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Money_market\">money markets<\/a>. There will be no net addition of liquidity. What the central bankers add at longer-term maturities, they will take out in the overnight market. But there are risks. The first is that, for all the fanfare, the central banks&#8217; plan will make little difference. After all, it does nothing to remove the fundamental reason why investors are worried about lending to banks. This is the uncertainty about potential losses from subprime mortgages and the products based on them, and \u2013 given that uncertainty \u2013 the banks&#8217; own desire to hoard capital against the chance that they will have to strengthen their balance sheets.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-128\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/daily\/news\/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10278482&amp;top_story=1\">&#8220;Unclogging the system&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>economist.com<\/em>. December 13, 2007. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Robb, Greg (December 12, 2007).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/story\/fed-top-central-banks-flood\/story.aspx?guid=%7b6FAFC482-F8E4-4F23-A021-52DC7DE8938C%7d&amp;print=true&amp;dist=printTop\">&#8220;Fed, top central banks to flood markets with cash&#8221;<\/a>. Marketwatch.com. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-130\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/taf.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Term Auction Facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. November 24, 2015. Retrieved\u00a0August 11,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-tslffaq_131-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/markets\/tslf_faq.html\">&#8220;Term Securities Lending Facility: Frequently Asked Questions&#8221;<\/a>. Newyorkfed.org. Retrieved\u00a0December 6,\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-132\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/tslf.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Term Securities Lending Facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 11,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-133\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/pdcf.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board \u2013 Primary Dealer Credit Facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0August 11,\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-134\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/abcpmmmf.htm\">&#8220;Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0May 27,\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-135\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081216044105\/http:\/\/biz.yahoo.com\/ap\/081007\/financial_meltdown.html\">&#8220;Yahoo Finance \u2013 Stock Market Live, Quotes, Business &amp; Finance News&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>finance.yahoo.com<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 16, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-136\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151015224731\/http:\/\/biz.yahoo.com\/ap\/081007\/financial_meltdown.html\">&#8220;Yahoo Finance \u2013 Stock Market Live, Quotes, Business &amp; Finance News&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/biz.yahoo.com\/ap\/081007\/financial_meltdown.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on October 15, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-137\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wilson, Linus; Wu, Yan (August 22, 2011). &#8220;Does Receiving TARP Funds Make it Easier to Roll Your Commercial Paper Onto the Fed?&#8221;.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SSRN_(identifier)\">SSRN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1911454\">1911454<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-138\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Greenspan, Chairman Alan (May 2, 1998).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/BoardDocs\/Speeches\/1998\/19980502.htm\">&#8220;Our banking history&#8221;<\/a>.;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.federalreserveeducation.org\/about-the-fed\/history\">&#8220;History of the Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>. Federal reserve education.org.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101225064903\/http:\/\/www.bos.frb.org\/about\/pubs\/begin.pdf\">&#8220;Chapter 1. Early Experiments in Central Banking&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>Historical Beginnings&#8230; The Federal Reserve<\/em>. 1999. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bos.frb.org\/about\/pubs\/begin.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on December 25, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0June 3,\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-139\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161004114334\/https:\/\/uscurrency.gov\/history-american-currency\">&#8220;Timeline of U.S. Currency History&#8221;<\/a>. U.S. Currency Education Program. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uscurrency.gov\/history-american-currency\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on October 4, 2016. Retrieved\u00a0June 8,\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-140\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/18th_century\/debates_816.asp\">&#8220;&#8221;Mr. Govr. MORRIS moved to strike out &#8220;and emit bills on the credit of the U. States&#8221; \u2013 If the United States had credit such bills would be unnecessary: if they had not, unjust &amp; useless. &#8230; On the motion for striking out N. H. ay. Mas. ay. Ct ay. N. J. no. Pa. ay. Del. ay. Md. no. Va. ay. N. C. ay. S. C. ay. Geo. ay.&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. Avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-141\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0US Constitution Article 1, Section 10. &#8220;no state shall ..emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts;&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of_Our_Nation's_Paper_Money_142-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Flamme, Karen.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100227093922\/http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/publications\/federalreserve\/annual\/1995\/history.html\">&#8220;1995 Annual Report: A Brief History of Our Nation&#8217;s Paper Money&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/publications\/federalreserve\/annual\/1995\/history.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on February 27, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 26,\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-143\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EkUTaZofJYEC\"><em>British Parliamentary reports on international finance: the Cunliffe Committee and the Macmillan Committee reports<\/em><\/a>. Ayer Publishing. 1978.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-405-11212-6\"><bdi>978-0-405-11212-6<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<q>description of the founding of Bank of England: &#8216;Its foundation in 1694 arose out the difficulties of the Government of the day in securing subscriptions to State loans. Its primary purpose was to raise and lend money to the State and in consideration of this service it received under its Charter and various Act of Parliament, certain privileges of issuing bank notes. The corporation commenced, with an assured life of twelve years after which the Government had the right to annul its Charter on giving one year&#8217;s notice. Subsequent extensions of this period coincided generally with the grant of additional loans to the State&#8217;<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Johnson, Roger (December 1999).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101225064903\/http:\/\/www.bos.frb.org\/about\/pubs\/begin.pdf\">&#8220;Historical Beginnings&#8230; The Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. p.\u00a08. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bos.frb.org\/about\/pubs\/begin.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on December 25, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0July 23,\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-145\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gordon, John Steele (February 19, 2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB123491373049303821\">&#8220;A Short History of the National Debt&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wall_Street_Journal\">The Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-herrickpanic_146-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Herrick, Myron (March 1908).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/1448652\">&#8220;The Panic of 1907 and Some of Its Lessons&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>31<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a08\u201325.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F000271620803100203\">10.1177\/000271620803100203<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0002-7162\">0002-7162<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1010701\">1010701<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:144195201\">144195201<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Flaherty, Edward (June 16, 1997).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120728104703\/http:\/\/odur.let.rug.nl\/~usa\/E\/usbank\/bank00.htm\">&#8220;A Brief History of Central Banking in the United States&#8221;<\/a>. Netherlands: University of Groningen. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/odur.let.rug.nl\/~usa\/E\/usbank\/bank00.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on July 28, 2012. Retrieved\u00a0November 17,\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Whithouse, Michael (May 1989).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080516102112\/http:\/\/minneapolisfed.org\/pubs\/region\/89-05\/reg895d.cfm\">&#8220;Paul Warburg&#8217;s Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States&#8221;<\/a>. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/pubs\/region\/89-05\/reg895d.cfm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on May 16, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-149\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120611221413\/http:\/\/www.jekyllislandhistory.com\/federalreserve.shtml\">&#8220;For years members of the Jekyll Island Club would recount the story of the secret meeting and by the 1930s the narrative was considered a club tradition&#8221;<\/a>. Jekyllislandhistory.com. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jekyllislandhistory.com\/federalreserve.shtml\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on June 11, 2012. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/chfrs\/record.php?id=5653\">&#8220;Papers of Frank A.Vanderlip &#8220;I wish I could sit down with you and half a dozen others in the sort of conference that created the Federal Reserve Act&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-150\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.llsdc.org\/FRA-LH\">&#8220;The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 \u2013 A Legislative History&#8221;<\/a>. Llsdc.org. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-151\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/timesmachine.nytimes.com\/timesmachine\/1913\/12\/24\/100414417.pdf\">&#8220;Affixes His Signature at 6:02\u00a0pm, Using Four Gold Pens&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>. December 24, 1913. Retrieved\u00a0April 30,\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/publications_papers\/pub_display.cfm?id=3815\">&#8220;Paul Warburg&#8217;s Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States&#8221;<\/a>. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220110165519\/https:\/\/www.aier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/EEB198405-REVISED1993.pdf\">&#8220;America&#8217;s Unknown Enemy: Beyond Conspiracy&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). American Institute of Economic Research. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/EEB198405-REVISED1993.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on January 10, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-154\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/article\/1988\/born-of-a-panic-forming-the-fed-system\">&#8220;Born of a Panic: Forming the Fed System | Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.minneapolisfed.org<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-155\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/17411624\/Congressional-Record-Dec-22-1913-pg1465\">&#8220;Congressional Record \u2013 House&#8221;<\/a>. Scribd.com. December 22, 1913. p.\u00a01465. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/17234309\/Congressional-Record-Dec-23-1913\">&#8220;Congressional Record \u2013 Senate&#8221;<\/a>. Scribd.com. December 23, 1913. p.\u00a01468. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-156\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2005\">BoG 2005<\/a>, pp.\u00a02<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-157\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/federalreserve.gov\/econresdata\/default.htm\">&#8220;FRB: Economic Research &amp; Data&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. August 24, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-158\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\">&#8220;Statistics: Releases and Historical Data&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. May 10, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-159\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/fred2\">&#8220;St. Louis Fed: Economic Data \u2013 FRED&#8221;<\/a>. Research.stlouisfed.org. August 20, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-eco_ind_160-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100105064959\/http:\/\/www.federalreserveeducation.org\/fed101_html\/policy\/indicators_print.htm\">&#8220;We Apologize&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.federalreserveeducation.org<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserveeducation.org\/pagenotfound?aspxerrorpath=\/fed101_html\/policy\/indicators_print.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on January 5, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-161\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0White, Lawrence H. (August 2005).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/econjwatch.org\/articles\/the-federal-reserve-system-s-influence-on-research-in-monetary-economics\">&#8220;The Federal Reserve System&#8217;s Influence on Research in Monetary Economics&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Econ Journal Watch<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>2<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0325\u2013354. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-162\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/RELEASES\/z1\/\">FRB: Z.1 Release \u2013 Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, Release Dates<\/a>\u00a0See the pdf documents from 1945 to 2007. The value for each year is on page 94 of each document (the 99th page in a pdf viewer) and duplicated on page 104 (109th page in pdf viewer). It gives the total assets, total liabilities, and net worth. This chart is of the net worth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-163\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/z1\/current\/z1r-5.pdf\">Balance Sheet of Households and Nonprofit Organizations<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140811102013\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/z1\/current\/z1r-5.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0August 11, 2014, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, June 5, 2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-prxliv_164-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/Releases\/h6\/discm3.htm\">&#8220;Discontinuance of M3&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. November 10, 2005. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-165\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#CITEREFBoG2006\">BoG 2006<\/a>, pp.\u00a010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-166\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/es\/10\/ES1033.pdf\">&#8220;Is the Fed&#8217;s Definition of Price Stability Evolving?&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. November 9, 2010. Retrieved\u00a0February 13,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-167\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/Boarddocs\/Speeches\/2003\/20030325\/default.htm\">&#8220;Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke \u2013 A perspective on inflation targeting&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. March 25, 2003. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110728124345\/http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/magazine\/content\/05_45\/b3958607.htm\">&#8220;What&#8217;s The Fuss Over Inflation Targeting?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Businessweek.com<\/em>. November 7, 2005. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/magazine\/content\/05_45\/b3958607.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on July 28, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0Bernanke, Ben S. (2005).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.press.uchicago.edu\/cgi-bin\/hfs.cgi\/00\/16485.ctl\"><em>The Inflation-Targeting Debate<\/em><\/a>. University of Chicago Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-04471-2\"><bdi>978-0-226-04471-2<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/I\/bo3534750.html\"><em>The Inflation-Targeting Debate<\/em><\/a>. National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Business Cycles. University of Chicago Press \u2013 via press.uchicago.edu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-econjournalwatch.org_168-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers (January 2007).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/econjwatch.org\/articles\/death-and-taxes-including-inflation-the-public-versus-economists\"><em>Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: the Public versus Economists<\/em><\/a>. p.\u00a056.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-169\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/econ\/alumni-friends\/economics-leadership-council--elc-\/diane-c--swonk.html\">&#8220;Diane C. Swonk&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>lsa.umich.edu<\/em>. University of Michigan LSA Department of Economics. Retrieved\u00a0October 14,\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-170\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20180108005615\/en\/Grant-Thornton-names-Diane-Swonk-chief-economist\">&#8220;Grant Thornton names Diane Swonk as chief economist&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.businesswire.com<\/em>. January 8, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0February 2,\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-171\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/show\/inflation-remains-stubbornly-high-despite-federal-reserves-efforts-to-stabilize-costs\">&#8220;Inflation remains stubbornly high despite Federal Reserve&#8217;s efforts to stabilize costs&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0Amna Nawaz,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PBS\">PBS<\/a>, October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 14, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-172\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Svensson, Lars E.O. (Fall 2003).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257%2F089533003772034934\">&#8220;Escaping from a Liquidity Trap and Deflation: The Foolproof Way and Others&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>\u00a0(4):\u00a0145\u2013166.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257%2F089533003772034934\">10.1257\/089533003772034934<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:17420811\">17420811<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-173\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080528063259\/http:\/\/www.chicagofed.org\/education_resources\/files\/Demonstrating_Knowledge.ppt\">&#8220;Demonstrating Knowledge of the Fed&#8221;<\/a>. Chicago Federal Reserve. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagofed.org\/education_resources\/files\/Demonstrating_Knowledge.ppt\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on May 28, 2008. Retrieved\u00a0March 17,\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-budget_174-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/boarddocs\/rptcongress\/default.htm\">&#8220;A\u2013Z Listing of Board Publications&#8221;<\/a>. Federalreserve.gov. August 10, 2011. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-175\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Alloway, Tracy (October 10, 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-10-10\/it-s-official-the-fed-s-in-the-red\">&#8220;It&#8217;s Official: The Fed&#8217;s in the Red&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Bloomberg<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-176\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wigglesworth, Robin (October 10, 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20221210\/https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ddc5d867-59fe-4c9b-a588-4066304318b6\">&#8220;Are central banks going bankrupt?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Financial Times<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ddc5d867-59fe-4c9b-a588-4066304318b6\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on December 10, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-177\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Derby, Michael (March 26, 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/us\/fed-says-official-net-negative-income-was-1143-billion-2023-2024-03-26\/\">&#8220;Fed posts record loss of $114.3 billion in 2023&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Macro Matters<\/em>. Reuters. Retrieved\u00a0March 27,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-178\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Carpenter, Seth; Ihrig, Jane; Klee, Elizabeth; Quinn, Daniel; Boote, Alexander (August 1, 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijcb.org\/journal\/ijcb15q2a7.pdf\">&#8220;The Federal Reserve&#8217;s Balance Sheet and Earnings: A Primer and Projections&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>Finance and Economics Discussion Series (FEDS)<\/em>. Federal Reserve Board:\u00a0245\u2013246. Retrieved\u00a0March 27,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-179\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/pressreleases\/other20240326a.htm\">&#8220;Federal Reserve Board releases annual audited financial statements&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(Press release). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. March 26, 2024. Retrieved\u00a0March 27,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-180\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Faria e Castro, Miguel; Jordan-Wood, Samuel (November 21, 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/on-the-economy\/2023\/nov\/fed-remittances-treasury-explaining-deferred-asset\">&#8220;The Fed&#8217;s Remittances to the Treasury: Explaining the &#8216;Deferred Asset'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>On The Economy Blog<\/em>. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved\u00a0March 27,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-181\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/boarddocs\/rptcongress\/annual08\/pdf\/AR08.pdf\">&#8220;96th Annual Report 2008 Federal Reserve&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. June 2009. Retrieved\u00a0August 29,\u00a02011.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h41\/Current\">&#8220;Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks&#8221;<\/a>. Federal Reserve. Retrieved\u00a0March 20,\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-182\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h41\">&#8220;The Fed \u2013 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances \u2013 H.4.1 \u2013 Release Dates&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.federalreserve.gov<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a0October 15,\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-183\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/WALCL\">&#8220;Assets: Total Assets: Total Assets (Less Eliminations from Consolidation): Wednesday Level&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>fred.stlouisfed.org<\/em>. August 22, 2024. Retrieved\u00a0August 27,\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-bi-ronpaul_184-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Grace Wyler (May 8, 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/ron-paul-end-the-fed-congressional-hearing-2012-5\">&#8220;Ron Paul Is Hosting A Hearing On Ending The Federal Reserve Right Now&#8221;<\/a>. Business Insider Inc.;\u00a0Lamb, Brian (October 28, 1994).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?61272-1\/book-discussion-road-serfdom\"><em>Book Discussion on The Road to Serfdom<\/em><\/a>. Milton Friedman. C-SPAN.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/booknotes.org\/FullPage.aspx?SID=61272-1\">LAMB: What do you think of the Federal Reserve Board today? [Milton] FRIEDMAN: I&#8217;ve long been in favor of abolishing it. There&#8217;s no institution in the United States that has such a high public standing and such a poor record of performance.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bundled_references\">3.1.2 \u7ec4\u5408\u5f15\u7528 | Bundled references<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-need_11-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-mnglass-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-initial-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-FDS-H-04-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-FDS-H-05-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-FDS-H-06-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_ref-pubpriv_23-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-who_owns_faq-18\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-19\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-20\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-21\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve#cite_note-22\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bibliography\">3.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | Bibliography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Recent\">3.2.1 \u8fd1\u671f | Recent<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Sarah Binder &amp; Mark Spindel. 2017.\u00a0<em>The Myth of Independence: How Congress Governs the Federal Reserve<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princeton_University_Press\">Princeton University Press<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2005).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140111193753\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pf\/pdf\/pf_complete.pdf\"><em>The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pf\/pdf\/pf_complete.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on January 11, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/in-plain-english\"><em>The Federal Reserve in Plain English<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0from the St. Louis Fed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congressional_Research_Service\">Congressional Research Service<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R41656.pdf\">Changing the Federal Reserve&#8217;s Mandate: An Economic Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congressional_Research_Service\">Congressional Research Service<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42962.pdf\">Federal Reserve: Unconventional Monetary Policy Options<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conti-Brown, Peter.\u00a0<em>The Power and Independence of the Federal Reserve<\/em>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princeton_University_Press\">Princeton University Press<\/a>, 2016).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Epstein, Lita &amp; Martin, Preston (2003).\u00a0<em>The Complete Idiot&#8217;s Guide to the Federal Reserve<\/em>. Alpha Books.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-02-864323-2\">0-02-864323-2<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greider,_William\">Greider, William<\/a>\u00a0(1987).\u00a0<em>Secrets of the Temple<\/em>. Simon &amp; Schuster.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-671-67556-7\">0-671-67556-7<\/a>; nontechnical book explaining the structures, functions, and history of the Federal Reserve, focusing specifically on the tenure of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Volcker\">Paul Volcker<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hafer, R. W.\u00a0<em>The Federal Reserve System: An Encyclopedia<\/em>. Greenwood Press, 2005. 451 pp, 280 entries;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-313-32839-0\">0-313-32839-0<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lavelle, Kathryn C. (2013) Money and Banks in the American Political System. New York: Cambridge University Press. 978-1-107-60916-7 Explains basic political processes surrounding the Federal Reserve in the broader system of Congress and the Executive Branch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurence_Meyer\">Meyer, Laurence H.<\/a>\u00a0(2004).\u00a0<em>A Term at the Fed: An Insider&#8217;s View<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HarperBusiness\">HarperBusiness<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-06-054270-5\">0-06-054270-5<\/a>; focuses on the period from 1996 to 2002, emphasizing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alan_Greenspan\">Alan Greenspan<\/a>&#8216;s chairmanship during the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1997_Asian_financial_crisis\">1997 Asian financial crisis<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dot-com_bubble\">stock market boom<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11,_2001_attacks#Economic_aftermath\">financial aftermath<\/a>\u00a0of the September 11, 2001, attacks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Woodward, Bob.\u00a0<em>Maestro: Greenspan&#8217;s Fed and the American Boom<\/em>\u00a0(2000) study of Greenspan in the 1990s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Historical\">3.2.2 \u5386\u53f2 | Historical<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Broz, J. Lawrence (1997).\u00a0<em>The International Origins of the Federal Reserve System<\/em>. Cornell University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780801433320\"><bdi>9780801433320<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carosso, Vincent P. (1973). &#8220;The Wall Street Trust from Pujo through Medina&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Business History Review<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>47<\/strong>:\u00a0421\u2013437.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F3113365\">10.2307\/3113365<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3113365\">3113365<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:154895813\">154895813<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chandler, Lester V. (1971).\u00a0<em>American Monetary Policy, 1928\u20131941<\/em>. Harper &amp; Row.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780060412272\"><bdi>9780060412272<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Epstein, Gerald; Ferguson, Thomas (December 1984). &#8220;Monetary Policy, Loan Liquidation and Industrial Conflict: Federal Reserve System Open Market Operations in 1932&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Journal of Economic History<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>44<\/strong>:\u00a0957\u2013984.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0022050700033040\">10.1017\/S0022050700033040<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:154187176\">154187176<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milton_Friedman\">Friedman, Milton<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_Schwartz\">Schwartz, Anna Jacobson<\/a>\u00a0(1963).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Monetary_History_of_the_United_States\"><em>A Monetary History of the United States, 1867\u20131960<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princeton_University_Press\">Princeton University Press<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0691003542\"><bdi>978-0691003542<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kubik, Paul J. (1996). &#8220;Federal Reserve Policy during the Great Depression: The Impact of Interwar Attitudes regarding Consumption and Consumer Credit&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Journal of Economic Issues<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>30<\/strong>\u00a0(3):\u00a0829\u2013842.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F00213624.1996.11505838\">10.1080\/00213624.1996.11505838<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_S._Link\">Link, Arthur<\/a>\u00a0(1956).\u00a0<em>Wilson: The New Freedom<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princeton_University_Press\">Princeton University Press<\/a>. pp.\u00a0199\u2013240.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Livingston, James.\u00a0<em>Origins of the Federal Reserve System: Money, Class, and Corporate Capitalism, 1890\u20131913<\/em>\u00a0(1986).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Lowenstein\">Lowenstein, Roger<\/a>\u00a0(2015).\u00a0<em>America&#8217;s Bank: The Epic Struggle to Create the Federal Reserve<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penguin_Press\">Penguin Press<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0143109846\"><bdi>978-0143109846<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marrs, Jim (2000). &#8220;Secrets of Money and the Federal Reserve System&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Rule by Secrecy<\/em>:\u00a064\u201378.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mayhew, Anne. &#8220;Ideology and the Great Depression: Monetary History Rewritten&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Journal of Economic Issues<\/em>\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>\u00a0(June 1983): 353\u2013360.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allan_H._Meltzer\">Meltzer, Allan H.<\/a>\u00a0(2004).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historyoffederal0001melt\"><em>A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 1: 1913\u20131951<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-51999-9\"><bdi>978-0-226-51999-9<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0(cloth) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-52000-1\">978-0-226-52000-1<\/a>\u00a0(paper).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allan_H._Meltzer\">Meltzer, Allan H.<\/a>\u00a0(2009).\u00a0<em>A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 2: Book 1, 1951\u20131969<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-52001-8\"><bdi>978-0-226-52001-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allan_H._Meltzer\">Meltzer, Allan H.<\/a>\u00a0(2009).\u00a0<em>A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 2: Book 2, 1969\u20131985<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-51994-4\"><bdi>978-0-226-51994-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mullins, Eustace C.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Secrets_of_the_Federal_Reserve\">The Secrets of the Federal Reserve<\/a><\/em>, 1952. John McLaughlin.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-9656492-1-0\">0-9656492-1-0<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roberts, Priscilla. &#8216;Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?&#8217; The Federal Reserve System&#8217;s Founding Fathers and Allied Finances in the First World War&#8221;,\u00a0<em>Business History Review<\/em>\u00a0(1998) 72: 585\u2013603.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murray_Rothbard\">Rothbard, Murray<\/a>\u00a0(2007).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mises.org\/library\/case-against-fed\"><em>The Case Against the Fed<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute\">Ludwig von Mises Institute<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1467934893\"><bdi>978-1467934893<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shull, Bernard. &#8220;The Fourth Branch: The Federal Reserve&#8217;s Unlikely Rise to Power and Influence&#8221; (2005)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-56720-624-7\">1-56720-624-7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Steindl, Frank G.\u00a0<em>Monetary Interpretations of the Great Depression.<\/em>\u00a0(1995).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Temin\">Temin, Peter<\/a>\u00a0(1976).\u00a0<em>Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression?<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._W._Norton_%26_Company\">W. W. Norton &amp; Company<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0393092097\"><bdi>978-0393092097<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wells, Donald R.\u00a0<em>The Federal Reserve System: A History<\/em>\u00a0(2004)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>West, Robert Craig.\u00a0<em>Banking Reform and the Federal Reserve, 1863\u20131923<\/em>\u00a0(1977).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wicker, Elmus. &#8220;A Reconsideration of Federal Reserve Policy during the 1920\u20131921 Depression&#8221;,\u00a0<em>Journal of Economic History<\/em>\u00a0(1966) 26: 223\u2013238.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wicker, Elmus.\u00a0<em>Federal Reserve Monetary Policy, 1917\u201333.<\/em>\u00a0(1966).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wicker, Elmus.\u00a0<em>The Great Debate on Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich and the Origins of the Fed<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ohio_State_University_Press\">Ohio State University Press<\/a>, 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wood, John H.\u00a0<em>A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States<\/em>\u00a0(2005)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wueschner, Silvano A.\u00a0<em>Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917\u20131927<\/em>. Greenwood Press (1999).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\">4. \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reservereq.htm\">Reserve Requirements<\/a>. \u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf. 2022-01-04\u00a0[2024-01-05]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20021028065607\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reservereq.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2002-10-28\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frbdiscountwindow.org\/pages\/discount-rates\/current-discount-rates\">Current Discount Rates<\/a>. \u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf. 2023-07-27\u00a0[2024-01-05]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180927204158\/https:\/\/www.frbdiscountwindow.org\/pages\/discount-rates\/current-discount-rates\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-09-27\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/openmarket.htm\">Open Market Operations<\/a>. \u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf. 2023-07-26\u00a0[2024-01-05]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240314104153\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/openmarket.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2024-03-14\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reserve-balances.htm\">Interest on Reserve Balances<\/a>. \u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf. 2024-01-04\u00a0[2024-01-05]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240310094018\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reserve-balances.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2024-03-10\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terms.naer.edu.tw\/search\/?match_type=phrase&amp;query_op=&amp;query_field=title&amp;query_term=%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6\">\u806f\u90a6\u6e96\u5099\u5236\u5ea6<\/a>. \u4e50\u8bcd\u7f51.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u9662<\/a>\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\uff09\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/BoardDocs\/Speeches\/1998\/19980502.htm\">Chairman Alan Greenspan (May 2, 1998)<\/a>. federalreserve.\u00a0[2020-04-08]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201220002545\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/boarddocs\/speeches\/1998\/19980502.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-12-20\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/first_bank_of_the_us?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">The First Bank of the United States 1791-1811<\/a>.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813050825\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/first_bank_of_the_us?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Cowen \uff0cDavidJ. The Origins and Economic Impact of the First Bank of the United States, 1791-1797. New York: Garland Publishing. 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/second_bank_of_the_us?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">The Second Bank of the United States 1816\u20131841<\/a>. federalreservehistory.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813060452\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/second_bank_of_the_us?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bordo, Michael D.; Joseph G. Haubrich. Credit Crises, Money, and Contractions: An Historical View. Journal of Monetary Economics vol. January 2010,. 57, no. 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Catterall, Ralph C.H.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/secondbankofunit00cattuoft\">The Second Bank of the United States<\/a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1903.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hammond, Bray.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bankspoliticsina0000hamm\">Banks and Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War<\/a>. Princeton: NJ: Princeton University Press. 1957.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kaplan, Edward S.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bankofunitedstat0000kapl\">The Bank of the United States and the American Economy<\/a>. Westport: CT: Greenwood Press. 1999.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Remini, Robert.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/andrewjacksonban00remi\">Andrew Jackson and the Bank War: A Study in the Growth of Presidential Power<\/a>. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. 1967.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Walters, Raymond, Jr. The Origins of the Second Bank of the United States. Journal of Political Economy vol. June 1945,. 53, no. 2 (pp. 115-31).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/banking_panics_of_the_gilded_age?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">Banking Panics of the Gilded Age 1863\u20131913<\/a>. federalreservehistory.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813055229\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/banking_panics_of_the_gilded_age?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Carlson, Mark.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pubs\/feds\/2002\/200211\/200211pap.pdf\">Causes of Bank Suspensions in the Panic of 1893 Federal Reserve Board of Governors, 2011<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210129170308\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pubs\/feds\/2002\/200211\/200211pap.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2021-01-29\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Grossman, Richard S. The Macroeconomic Consequences of Bank Failures under the National Banking System. Explorations in Economic History. 30, no. 3 (1993).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jalil, Andrew J. A New History of Banking Panics in the United States, 1825-1929. Construction and Implications. no. 3 (July 2015),. merican Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 7: 295-330.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kemmerer, E. 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How the Bank of France Changed U.S. Equity Expectations and Ended the Panic of 1907. Journal of Economic History. (June 2014),\u00a0<strong>no. 2<\/strong>\u00a0(74): 420-48.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Rodgers Mary Tone; Berry K. Wilson. Systemic Risk, Missing Gold Flows, and the Panic of 1907. Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. (Summer 2011),\u00a0<strong>no. 2<\/strong>\u00a0(14): 158-87.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Tallman, Ellis W. The Panic of 1907,&#8221; in The Handbook of Major Events in Economic History Chapter 6. Ed., Randall E. Parker and Robert Whaples. 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Wilson, McAdoo and Bryan also Entitled to Credit. New York Times. June 20, 1927,\u00a0<strong>p. 4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Seligman, Edwin R; Paul M. Warburg. Introduction: Essays on Banking Reform in the United States Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science vol. 4, no. 4 (July 1914): pp. 3-6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Seligman, Edwin R. The Federal Reserve Act. Professor Seligman Takes Issue with a Statement by Senator Glass. New York Times. February 1, 1927,\u00a0<strong>p. 26<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Stephenson, Nathaniel Wright. Nelson W. Aldrich: A Leader in American Politics. New York: Kennikat Press. Charles Scribner s Sons1930. Reissued in 1971.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Untermyer, Samuel.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.okhistory.org\/historycenter\/federalreserve\/untermeyer.pdf\">Who Is Entitled to Credit for the Federal Reserve Act? An Answer to Senator Carter Glass.\u201d Manuscript<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015153\/https:\/\/www.okhistory.org\/historycenter\/federalreserve\/untermeyer.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0United States National Monetary Commission.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/641\">Letter from Secretary of the National Monetary Commission, Transmitting, Pursuant to Law, the Report of the Commission. Washington: Government Printing Office<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191223185328\/https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/641\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-12-23\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Vanderlip, Frank; Boyden Sparks. From Farm Boy to Financier. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. 1935.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Warburg, Paul M. The Defects and Needs of Our Banking System. New York Times. January 6, 1907,. p. 14-15, 38-39.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Warburg, Paul M. The Federal Reserve System: Its Origins and Growth. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1930.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wicker, Elmus.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/greatdebateonban0000wick\">The Great Debate on Banking Reform<\/a>. Ohio State University Press. 2005.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Staff of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/federal_reserve_act_signed?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">Federal Reserve Act Signed by President Wilson<\/a>. federalreservehistory.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813050111\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/federal_reserve_act_signed?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Adapted from: Todd, Tim.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kansascityfed.org\/publicat\/balanceofpower\/balanceofpower.pdf\">The Federal Reserve Act In The Balance of Power: The Political Fight for an Independent Central Bank, 1790-PresentOffsite link, 9-15. Kansas City: The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). kansascityfed.\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015218\/https:\/\/www.kansascityfed.org\/publicat\/balanceofpower\/balanceofpower.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0West, Robert Craig. Banking Reform and the Federal Reserve, 1863-1923. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1974.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wicker, Elmus.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/greatdebateonban0000wick\">Great Debate on Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich and the Origins of the Fed<\/a>. Ohio State University Press. 2005.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/reserve_bank_organization_committee?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">Reserve Bank Organization Committee Announces Selection of Reserve Bank Cities and District Boundaries<\/a>. federalreservehistory.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813061529\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/reserve_bank_organization_committee?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-71\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a01913\u5e74\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u5132\u5099\u6cd5\u300b. 1913.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/education\/publications\/doctor-econ\/2001\/may\/federal-reserve-districts\/\">Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. \u201cDr. Econ: First, why haven&#8217;t the boundaries of the 12 Federal Reserve Districts been adjusted to reflect changes in population or economic growth? Second, do the western states receive similar central banking and research services from the Federal Reserve, as do other areas of the country where Reserve Banks serve smaller geographic areas or populations?<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015228\/https:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/education\/publications\/doctor-econ\/2001\/may\/federal-reserve-districts\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=603\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. &#8220;Decision of the Reserve Bank Organization Committee Determining the Federal Reserve Districts and the Location of Federal Reserve Banks under the Federal Reserve Act Approved December 23, 1913.&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=604Offsite\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. &#8220;First-Choice Vote for Reserve-Bank Cities,&#8221; 1914,<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=593\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. &#8220;Hearings before the Reserve Bank Organization Committee\u2014New York, New York,&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150905183839\/https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=593\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2015-09-05\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=606\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. &#8220;Location of the Reserve Districts in the United States,\u201d 1914<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-77\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/article\/2001\/locating-federal-reserve-districts-and-headquarters-cities\">Hammes, David, &#8220;Locating Federal Reserve Districts and Headquarters CitiesOffsite link,\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, The Region, September 1, 2001.<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117020253\/https:\/\/www.minneapolisfed.org\/article\/2001\/locating-federal-reserve-districts-and-headquarters-cities\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/~\/media\/files\/pdfs\/a-foregone-conclusion.pdf\">Primm, James Neal. A Foregone Conclusion: The Founding of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisOffsite link, St. Louis: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1989.<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201115132406\/https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/~\/media\/files\/pdfs\/a-foregone-conclusion.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2020-11-15\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kansascityfed.org\/~\/media\/files\/publicat\/ten\/pdf\/summer2005\/tensummer05.pdf#page=32\">Todd, Tim, \u201cDrawing the Federal Reserve DistrictsOffsite link,\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, TEN, Summer 2005.<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201030134300\/https:\/\/www.kansascityfed.org\/~\/media\/files\/publicat\/ten\/pdf\/summer2005\/tensummer05.pdf#page=32\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2020-10-30\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gary RichardsonOffsite link, Daniel Park, Alejandro KomaiOffsite link and Michael Gou.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">McFadden Act of 1927<\/a>. federalreservehistory.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200813045311\/https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act?WT.si_n=Search&amp;WT.si_x=3\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Blinder, Alan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/aftermusicstoppe0000blin\">After the Music Stopped: The Financial Crisis, the Response, and the Work Ahead<\/a>. New York: Penguin Press. 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Carlson, Mark; Kris James Mitchener. Branch Banking as a Device for Discipline: Competition and Bank Survivorship during the Great Depression. Journal of Political Economy. (April 2009),\u00a0<strong>no. 2<\/strong>\u00a0(117): 165-210.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/title\/?id=808\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. \u201cDual Banking System in the United States<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fraser.stlouisfed.org\/scribd\/?item_id=20663&amp;filepath=\/docs\/publications\/FRB\/1920s\/frb_031927.pdf\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. \u201cFederal Reserve Bulletin<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-85\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kroszner, Randall S.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/speech\/kroszner20060406a.htm\">\u201cThe Effect of Removing Geographic Restrictions on Banking in the United States: Lessons for Europe<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210104130411\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/speech\/kroszner20060406a.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-04\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Preston, H. H. The McFadden Banking Act. American Economic Review. (June 1927),\u00a0<strong>no. 2<\/strong>\u00a0(17): 201-18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-87\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Rajan, Raghuram G., and Rodney Ramcharan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pubs\/feds\/2012\/201261\/201261abs.html\">Constituencies and Legislation: The Fight Over the McFadden Act of 1927Offsite link.&#8221; Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-61, Divisions of Research &amp; Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, DC<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201029191134\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/pubs\/feds\/2012\/201261\/201261abs.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-10-29\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed.htm\">FRB: Mission&#8221;. Federalreserve.gov. November 6, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2011.<\/a>.\u00a0[2021-02-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210130012847\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-30\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-89\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/structure-federal-reserve-system.htm\">\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8<\/a>. federalreserve.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015347\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/structure-federal-reserve-system.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-90\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/structure-federal-reserve-board.htm\">\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u50a8\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>. federalreserve.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015350\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/structure-federal-reserve-board.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/fac.htm\">\u806f\u90a6\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117020242\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/fac.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-17\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-92\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u7f8eFrederic S.Mishkin\u8457\uff0c\u94b1\u709c\u9752\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bd1\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u72488\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff0c\u9875279\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9787302209157\">ISBN 978-7-302-20915-7<\/a>\uff0c\u7b80\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-93\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u7f8eFrederic S.Mishkin\u8457\uff0c\u94b1\u709c\u9752\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bd1\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u72488\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff0c\u9875280\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9787302209157\">ISBN 978-7-302-20915-7<\/a>\uff0c\u7b80\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-94\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u7f8eFrederic S.Mishkin\u8457\uff0c\u94b1\u709c\u9752\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8bd1\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u72488\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff0c\u9875282\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9787302209157\">ISBN 978-7-302-20915-7<\/a>\uff0c\u7b80\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-95\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserveeducation.org\/about-the-fed\/structure-and-functions\/monetary-policy\">\u5b58\u6863\u526f\u672c<\/a>.\u00a0[2021-01-12]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210129064407\/https:\/\/www.federalreserveeducation.org\/about-the-fed\/structure-and-functions\/monetary-policy\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-29\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-96\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/files\/FOMC_LongerRunGoals.pdf\">The statement is available on the Board&#8217;s website at<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210128205022\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/files\/FOMC_LongerRunGoals.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2021-01-28\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-97\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/mopo\/intro\/objective\/html\/index.en.html\">See European Central Bank, &#8220;Objective of Monetary Policy<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210131162620\/https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/mopo\/intro\/objective\/html\/index.en.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-31\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-98\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/mopo\/strategy\/pricestab\/html\/index.en.html\">See European Central Bank, &#8220;The Definition of Price Stability<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210131090334\/https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/mopo\/strategy\/pricestab\/html\/index.en.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-31\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-99\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/monetary-policy-strategies-of-major-central-banks.htm\">Monetary Policy Strategies of Major Central Banks<\/a>. federalreserve.\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201111211152\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/monetary-policy-strategies-of-major-central-banks.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-11-11\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-100\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomccalendars.htm\">This approach is sometimes referred to as &#8220;flexible&#8221; inflation targeting. Even the central banks whose mandate is stated solely in terms of inflation are not compelled to bring inflation back to target in the shortest possible time and may take account of other economic objectives (such as employment). In a common macroeconomic model, such an approach substantially reduces the welfare losses associated with inflation without incurring the large welfare losses that result from large deviations from full employment. Central banks with an inflation objective include the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, the ECB, the Swiss National Bank, and many other central banks. According to Svensson (2011), &#8220;In practice, inflation targeting is never &#8216;strict&#8217; but always &#8216;flexible,&#8217; because all inflation-targeting central banks . . . not only aim at stabilizing inflation around the inflation target but also put some weight on stabilizing the real economy; for instance, implicitly or explicitly stabilizing a measure of resource utilization such as the output gap; that is, the gap between actual and potential output.&#8221; See Lars E.O. Svensson (2010), &#8220;Inflation Targeting,&#8221; in Benjamin M. Friedman and Michael Woodford, eds., Handbook of Monetary Economics, vol. 3B (Amsterdam: North-Holland), pp. 1237-1302 (quoted text on p. 1239). For additional discussion, see, for example, Ben S. Bernanke (2003), &#8220;A Perspective on Inflation Targeting,&#8221; speech delivered at the annual Washington Policy Conference of the National Association of Business Economists, Washington, March 25.<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210129081905\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomccalendars.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-29\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#cite_ref-101\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/files\/FOMC20030624memo01.pdf\">For a history of FOMC communications practices, see David E. Lindsey (2003), &#8220;A Modern History of FOMC Communication: 1975-2002 (PDF),&#8221; memo to the Federal Open Market Committee, June 24.<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2020-04-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210104130405\/https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/files\/FOMC20030624memo01.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2021-01-04\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Further_reading\">5. \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb | Further reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Smialek, Jeanna (2023). <em>Limitless: The Federal Reserve Takes on a New Age of Crisis<\/em>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780593320235\"><bdi>9780593320235<\/bdi><\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1322058230\">1322058230<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"External_links\">6. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 | External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Federal Reserve<\/strong> at Wikipedia&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects\">sister projects<\/a>\u3010\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u59d0\u59b9\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Federal_Reserve\">Definitions<\/a> from Wiktionary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Federal_Reserve\">Media<\/a> from Commons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"15\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Federal_Reserve\">News<\/a> from Wikinews<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_System\">Quotations<\/a> from Wikiquote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Federal_Reserve\">Texts<\/a> from Wikisource<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Federal_Reserve\">Textbooks<\/a> from Wikibooks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"22\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiversity.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve\">Resources<\/a> from Wikiversity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikisource\">Wikisource<\/a> has the text of the 1922 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\">Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/a><\/em> article &#8220;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\/Federal_Reserve_Banking_System\">Federal Reserve Banking System<\/a><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/\">Official website<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q53536#P856\"><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.archives.gov\/id\/411\">Records of the Federal Reserve System in the National Archives (Record Group 82)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/agencies\/federal-reserve-system\">Federal Reserve System<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Register\">Federal Register<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\">\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170923025944\/http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c1RGtNQHiZ8\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6 (\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7834\u574f\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6)<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210117015616\/http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c1RGtNQHiZ8\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080828003522\/http:\/\/www.fededirectory.frb.org\/\">Federal Reserve Routing Directory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050409080152\/http:\/\/www.treas.gov\/education\/fact-sheets\/taxes\/fed-debt.html\">Gross Federal Debt History Fact Sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/foregone\/chapter_two.htm\">A Foregone Conclusion &#8211; St. Louis Fed<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210125114742\/http:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/foregone\/chapter_two.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080516102112\/http:\/\/minneapolisfed.org\/pubs\/region\/89-05\/reg895d.cfm\">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis &#8211; The Region &#8211; Paul Warburg&#8217;s Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States (May 1989)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u5176\u4ed6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"13\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u8bed\u5f55<\/a>\u4e0a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_System\">\u6709\u5173\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u5f55<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bankrate.com\/nltrack\/news\/fed\/20010627d.asp\">Know your Fed: A description of the Federal Reserve Board<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150327142326\/http:\/\/www.bankrate.com\/nltrack\/news\/fed\/20010627d.asp\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.federal-reserve.net\">Opposition to the Fed<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210126140935\/http:\/\/www.federal-reserve.net\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050306004207\/http:\/\/www.nader.org\/interest\/021500.html\">Congress should stand up to the Fed<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ralph_Nader\">Ralph Nader<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20041209234452\/http:\/\/www.tradersclub.com\/dollarsign\/billionsforbankers.shtml\">Billions for bankers, debt for the people By Sheldon Emry<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051126165145\/http:\/\/www.apfn.org\/apfn\/reserve.htm\">Secrets of the Federal Reserve<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Eustace_Mullins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Eustace Mullins<\/a>\uff08Makes arguments about the New World Order owning stock in the Fed, when it is banks that actually own the stock as mentioned above\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/amazon.com\/exec\/obidos\/ASIN\/0912986212\">Creature from Jekyll Island<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210125191222\/http:\/\/amazon.com\/exec\/obidos\/ASIN\/0912986212\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 (<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050408143840\/http:\/\/www.survivalistskills.com\/JEKYLL.HTM\">Chapter 10<\/a>) by G. E. Griffin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050409081040\/http:\/\/libertyunbound.com\/archive\/2004_10\/woolsey-fed.html\">Who Owns the Fed?<\/a> Liberty article by Bill Woolsey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mises.org\/money.asp\">What Has Government Done to Our Money?<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060815130249\/http:\/\/www.mises.org\/money.asp\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 by <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Murray_N._Rothbard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Murray N. Rothbard<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[45,102,152,97],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-5157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-usa-and-canada","category-government-organizations","category-152","category-finance","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5157\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}