{"id":5305,"date":"2025-02-13T14:06:36","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T06:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5305"},"modified":"2025-02-13T14:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T06:15:54","slug":"propeller-aeronautics-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/02\/13\/propeller-aeronautics-en\/","title":{"rendered":"Propeller (aeronautics)\uff08\u822a\u7a7a\u7528\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\uff09- \u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u7cbe\u786e\u68c0\u7d22\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fbd\u89c2\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/23450930294\/\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pan.baidu.com\/s\/1ovQ9I9GFsQwdaUtAbj8B8Q?pwd=lgcv\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pan.baidu.com\/s\/1ovQ9I9GFsQwdaUtAbj8B8Q?pwd=lgcv\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u672c\u8bcd\u6761\u5168\u6587\u672cWord\u6587\u6863\uff08\u53ef\u5bfc\u5165AI\u5de5\u5177\u9605\u8bfb\uff09\uff08\u767e\u5ea6\u7f51\u76d8\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"See_also\">2. \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09| See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advance_ratio\">Advance ratio<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axial_fan_design\">Axial fan design<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blade_element_theory\">Blade element theory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blade_element_momentum_theory\">Blade element momentum theory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helicopter_rotor\">Helicopter rotor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_aircraft_propeller_manufacturers\">List of aircraft propeller manufacturers<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Momentum_theory\">Momentum theory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_M._Olmsted\">Charles M. Olmsted<\/a>, early American &#8220;high efficiency&#8221; propeller designer (1909)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_theory\">Propeller theory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turboprop\">Turboprop<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rotor_wing#Radial-lift_rotors\">Radial-lift rotors<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">3. \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e | References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>^\u00a0Beaumont, R.A.;\u00a0<em>Aeronautical Engineering<\/em>, Odhams, 1942, Chapter 13, &#8220;Airscrews&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wragg, David W. (1973).\u00a0<em>A Dictionary of Aviation<\/em>\u00a0(first\u00a0ed.). Osprey. p.\u00a028.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780850451634\"><bdi>9780850451634<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Leishman, J. Gordon.\u00a0<em>Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics<\/em>. Cambridge aerospace series, 18. Cambridge:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambridge_University_Press\">Cambridge University Press<\/a>, 2006.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-521-85860-1\">978-0-521-85860-1<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140713201846\/http:\/\/terpconnect.umd.edu\/~leishman\/Aero\/history.html\">&#8220;A History of Helicopter Flight&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/terpconnect.umd.edu\/~leishman\/Aero\/history.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2014-07-13. Retrieved\u00a02014-07-15.\u00a0Web extract<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aerospaceweb.org\/design\/helicopter\/history.shtml\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;Early Helicopter History.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Aerospaceweb.org.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 12 December 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-Taking_Flight:_Inventing_the_Aerial_Age,_from_Antiquity_Through_the_First_World_War_5-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/takingflightinve0000hall\"><em>Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity Through the First World War<\/em><\/a>. Oxford University Press. 8 May 2003. pp.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/takingflightinve0000hall\/page\/n47\">22<\/a>\u201323.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-516035-2\"><bdi>978-0-19-516035-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-china-1_6-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Goebel, Greg.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110629140626\/http:\/\/www.vectorsite.net\/avheli_1.html\">&#8220;&#8221;The Invention Of The Helicopter.&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved\u00a02008-11-11.\u00a0<em>Vectorsite.net.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 11 November 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-china-2_7-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Fay, John.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.helis.com\/pioneers\/1.php\">&#8220;Pioneers, Evolution of the Rotary Wing Aircraft&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061107114307\/http:\/\/www.helis.com\/pioneers\/1.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved\u00a02007-03-21.\u00a0&#8220;Helicopter Pioneers\u00a0\u2013 Evolution of Rotary Wing Aircraft.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Helicopter History Site.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 28 November 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_F._Lach\">Donald F. Lach<\/a>. (1977).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=N0xD7BYXv_YC\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Asia in the making of Europe. Volume II, A Century of Wonder<\/em>. p. 403<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-flight-1_9-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-flight-1_9-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Rumerman, Judy.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.centennialofflight.net\/essay\/Rotary\/early_helicopters\/HE1.htm\">&#8220;Early Helicopter Technology&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140220023307\/http:\/\/www.centennialofflight.net\/essay\/Rotary\/early_helicopters\/HE1.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved\u00a02014-02-02.\u00a0&#8220;Early Helicopter Technology.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Centennial of Flight Commission,<\/em>\u00a02003. Retrieved 12 December 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-aerial_screw_10-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Pilotfriend.com\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pilotfriend.com\/photo_albums\/helicopters\/Leonardo%20Da%20Vinci's%20Helical%20Air%20Screw.htm\">&#8220;Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s Helical Air Screw&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150924073521\/http:\/\/www.pilotfriend.com\/photo_albums\/helicopters\/Leonardo%20Da%20Vinci%27s%20Helical%20Air%20Screw.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved\u00a02015-02-07.\u00a0&#8220;Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s Helical Air Screw.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Pilotfriend.com<\/em>. Retrieved 12 December 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Leishman, J. Gordon (2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nMV-TkaX-9cC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Principles%20of%20Helicopter%20Aerodynamics\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-521-85860-7\">0-521-85860-7<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Winter &amp; Degner (1933), pp. 26\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article2032274\"><em>Airship honours for Australia \u2013 Bland&#8217;s remarkable invention more than 70 years ago.<\/em>\u00a0The Argus, September 13, 1924<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/news\/national\/visions-of-a-flying-machine\/2006\/05\/10\/1146940613357.html\">&#8220;Visions of a flying machine &#8211; National &#8211; smh.com.au&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.smh.com.au<\/em>. 11 May 2006.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171230114547\/http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/news\/national\/visions-of-a-flying-machine\/2006\/05\/10\/1146940613357.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 April\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Brooks, Peter, W., Zeppelin: Rigid Airships 1893\u20131940, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-56098-228-4\">1-56098-228-4<\/a>\u00a0p. 19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Beril, Becker (1967).\u00a0<em>Dreams and Realities of the Conquest of the Skies<\/em>. New York: Atheneum. pp. 124\u2013125<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/teachers\/classroommaterials\/primarysourcesets\/flight\/pdf\/teacher_guide.pdf\">&#8220;Archived copy&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress\">Library of Congress<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171018101652\/http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/teachers\/classroommaterials\/primarysourcesets\/flight\/pdf\/teacher_guide.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 2017-10-18. Retrieved\u00a02017-12-29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/regulations_policies\/handbooks_manuals\/aviation\/pilot_handbook\/\"><em>Pilot&#8217;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge<\/em><\/a>. Oklahoma City: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. 2008. pp.\u00a02\u20137 ie page 7 of Chapter 02: Aircraft Structure. FAA-8083-25A.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150701011444\/http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/regulations_policies\/handbooks_manuals\/aviation\/pilot_handbook\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2015-07-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ash, Robert L., Colin P. Britcher and Kenneth W. Hyde.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110604093014\/http:\/\/www.memagazine.org\/supparch\/flight03\/propwr\/propwr.html\">&#8220;Wrights: How two brothers from Dayton added a new twist to airplane propulsion.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em>Mechanical Engineering: 100 years of Flight, 3 July 2007.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Rogers, David F. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nar-associates.com\/technical-flying\/propeller\/cruise_propeller_efficiency_screen.pdf\">Propeller Efficiency<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141221235338\/http:\/\/www.nar-associates.com\/technical-flying\/propeller\/cruise_propeller_efficiency_screen.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a02014-12-21 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&#8220;, Figure 3.\u00a0<em>NAR<\/em>, 2010. Accessed: 28 August 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Roper, Chris.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160313235426\/http:\/\/www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk\/html\/flights.html\">&#8220;Flights&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk\/html\/flights.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 13 March 2016. Retrieved\u00a028 April\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ayres, Leonard P. (1919).\u00a0<em>The War with Germany<\/em>\u00a0(Second\u00a0ed.). Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. p.\u00a092.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Henri R. Palmer Jr. &#8220;The birdcage parasol&#8221;,\u00a0<em>Flying Magazine<\/em>\u00a0Oct. 1960 p. 51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Physical propeller theory was at the time restricted to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine\">Rankine<\/a>\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Froude\">Froude<\/a>\u00a0theory, also known as the &#8220;actuator disc theory&#8221; or the axial momentum theory. That theory, however adequate, does not give indication on the shape that should be given to the propeller. This would be solved regarding that theory only in the 1920s by complement of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betz%27_law\">Betz<\/a>\u00a0law (Goldstein, Betz, Prandtl and Lanchester): William Graebel,\u00a0<em>Engineering Fluid Mechanics<\/em>, p. 144,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-560-32711-1\">1-560-32711-1<\/a>, John Carlton,\u00a0<em>Marine Propellers and Propulsion<\/em>, p. 169,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-08-097123-0\">978-0-08-097123-0<\/a>. The Wright brothers however were equating the propeller blade to an airfoil instead, which for they previously had already determined the aerodynamic behavioural patterns: John David Anderson,\u00a0<em>A History of Aerodynamics: And Its Impact on Flying Machines<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-521-66955-3\">0-521-66955-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, 1910 edition, volume 30 (1922 supplement), in the article &#8220;Aeronautics&#8221; p. 20. &#8220;Airscrews have been described as &#8216;tractors&#8217; and &#8216;propellers&#8217;, according as the airscrew shaft is placed in tension or in compression by the thrust, and corresponding aeroplanes are usually called by the same names. The first biplanes, those of the Wrights and the Farmans, were of the propeller type, colloquially &#8216;pushers&#8217;; almost all monoplanes were &#8216;tractors.&#8217;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Durand\">William Durand<\/a>\u00a0&amp; E. P. Leslie (1926)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/NASA_NTRS_Archive_19930091287\">Comparison of tests on air propellers in flight with wind tunnel model tests on similar forms<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics\">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics<\/a>\u00a0# 220<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.avweb.com\/news\/airman\/182418-1.html\">&#8220;The Bootstrap Approach to Aircraft Performance(Part Two \u2014 Constant-Speed Propeller Airplanes) &#8211; AVweb Features Article&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.avweb.com<\/em>. 12 December 1999.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120818194336\/http:\/\/www.avweb.com\/news\/airman\/182418-1.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved\u00a028 April\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-kundu_28-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kundu, Ajoy (2010).\u00a0<em>Aircraft Design<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. p.\u00a0346.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0521885164\"><bdi>978-0521885164<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.205354\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.205354<\/a>\u00a0Fig 1-8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-Spak_30-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/aeroastro\/people\/spakovszky.html\">Prof. Z. S. Spakovszky<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120628044328\/http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/aeroastro\/people\/spakovszky.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a02012-06-28 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/16.unified\/www\/FALL\/thermodynamics\/notes\/node86.html#SECTION06374300000000000000\">11.7.4.3 Efficiency<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150226204713\/http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/16.unified\/www\/FALL\/thermodynamics\/notes\/node86.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a02015-02-26 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&#8221;\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/School_of_Engineering,_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology#Aeronautics_and_Astronautics\">MIT turbines<\/a><\/em>, 2002.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/16.unified\/www\/FALL\/thermodynamics\/notes\/notes.html\">Thermodynamics and Propulsion, main page<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100217180407\/http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/16.unified\/www\/FALL\/thermodynamics\/notes\/notes.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a02010-02-17 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-phak_31-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Pilot&#8217;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Aviation_Administration\">Federal Aviation Administration<\/a>. 2016-08-24. pp.\u00a07\u20134 \u2013 7\u20135.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com\/Fisher.html\"><em>Pushing The Envelope With Test Pilot Herb Fisher<\/em>.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140201175925\/http:\/\/planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com\/Fisher.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a02014-02-01 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0<em>Planes and Pilots of World War 2,<\/em>\u00a02000. Retrieved: 22 July 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/documentLibrary\/media\/Advisory_Circular\/AC_65-12A.pdf\"><em>Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Powerplant Handbook<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. p.\u00a0327.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140826114848\/http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/documentLibrary\/media\/Advisory_Circular\/AC_65-12A.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 2014-08-26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.205354\">Nelson, Wilbur C. (1944),\u00a0<em>Airplane Propeller Principles<\/em><\/a>\u00a0p.67<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.163729\/page\/n107\/mode\/2up?view=theater\">&#8220;Aerodynamic tests on propellers&#8221;<\/a>. Retrieved\u00a01 July\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/pdfarchive\/view\/1931\/1931%20-%201159.html\">&#8220;Fairey aviation | 1931 | 1159 | Flight Archive&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180331104633\/https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/pdfarchive\/view\/1931\/1931%20-%201159.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2018-03-31. Retrieved\u00a02018-03-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/pdfarchive\/view\/1931\/1931%20-%201158.html\">&#8220;Fairey aviation | 1931 | 1158 | Flight Archive&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180401213701\/https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/pdfarchive\/view\/1931\/1931%20-%201158.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2018-04-01. Retrieved\u00a02018-04-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Jane&#8217;s All The World&#8217;s Aircraft 1982-1983, Jane&#8217;s Publishing Company Limited,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0%2B7106-0748-2\">0 7106-0748-2<\/a>, p.228<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0The Development Of Jet And Turbine Engines&#8221;, 4th edition, Bill Gunston 2006, Patrick Stephens Limited,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0%2B7509%2B4477%2B3\">0 7509 4477 3<\/a>, p.66<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110322103306\/http:\/\/www.mccauley.textron.com\/von_klip_tip_cs_propeller.pdf\"><em>Professor Von Kliptip Answers Your Questions About The McCauley Constant Speed Propeller Governing System<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Wichita, KS:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCauley_Propeller_Systems\">McCauley<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mccauley.textron.com\/von_klip_tip_cs_propeller.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 2011-03-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propeller_(aeronautics)#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tourism.gov.np\/files\/1\/9N-ANC%20FINAL%20Report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.tourism.gov.np\/files\/1\/9N-ANC%20FINAL%20Report.pdf<\/a>.\u00a0<code>{{<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cite_web\">cite web<\/a>}}<\/code>:\u00a0Missing or empty\u00a0<code>|title=<\/code>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title\">help<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"External_links\">4. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 | External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikimedia Commons has media related to&nbsp;<strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Aircraft_propellers\">Aircraft propellers<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111214083950\/http:\/\/www.experimentalaircraft.info\/homebuilt-aircraft\/aircraft-propeller.php\">Experimental Aircraft Propellers<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/howthingsfly.si.edu\/\">Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum&#8217;s How Things Fly website<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0bP2MH3LqvI\">The Propeller Explained<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[101,12],"class_list":["post-5305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aviation","tag-101","tag-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}