{"id":5411,"date":"2025-02-21T10:03:25","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T02:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5411"},"modified":"2025-02-21T11:20:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T03:20:13","slug":"bai-people-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/02\/21\/bai-people-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u767d\u65cf \/ Bai people -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u7cbe\u786e\u68c0\u7d22\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fbd\u89c2\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u81f30-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u65cf<\/strong>\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5357<\/a>\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\uff0c\u5217\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c14\u5927\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u3002\u4e91\u5357<\/a>\u3001\u8d35\u5dde<\/a>\u3001\u6e56\u5357<\/a>\u4e09\u7701\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3<\/a>\u767d\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u5730<\/a>\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u7406\u56fd<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u65cf\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u767d\u4f19\u201d\uff08\u767d\u8bed<\/a>\uff1aBaipho\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\uff09\u3001\u201c\u767d\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u767d\u8bed\u5251\u5ddd\u65b9\u8a00\uff1aBaipzix\uff0c\u767d\u8bed\u5927\u7406\u65b9\u8a00\uff1aBaipzi\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u7537\u4eba\uff09\u3001\u201c\u767d\u5c3c\u201d\uff08\u5251\u5ddd\uff1aBaipyvnx\uff0c\u5927\u7406\uff1aBaipnivx\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u5973\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u767d\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5251\u5ddd\uff1aBaipngvpzix ho \/p\u025b\u0330\u02e6\u02e8 \u014bv\u0330\u0329\u02e6\u02e8 \u02a6\u027f\u02e7 xo\u0330\u02e6\/\uff0c\u5927\u7406\uff1aBaipngvzzi ho\uff09\u3002\u53f2\u4e66\u4e0a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u86ee<\/a>\u201d\u3001\u201c\u767d\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u660e\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e91\u5357\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6709\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5510<\/a>\u5b8b<\/a>\u5143<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\u4e91\u5357\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u5ea6\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u767d\u65cf\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai<\/strong> or Pai<\/strong> (Bai<\/a>: Baipho<\/em> [p\u025b\u0330\u02e6\u02e8xo\u0330\u02e6]<\/a>, \u767d\u548c; Chinese<\/a>: \u767d\u65cf; pinyin<\/a>: B\u00e1iz\u00fa<\/em>), are an East Asian<\/a> ethnic group native to the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture<\/a> of Yunnan Province<\/a>, Bijie<\/a> area of Guizhou Province<\/a>, and Sangzhi<\/a> area of Hunan Province<\/a>. The Bai constitute one of the 56 ethnic groups<\/a> officially recognized by China<\/a>,[2]<\/a><\/sup> with a population of 2,091,543 (as of 2020<\/a>).[1]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\uff08\u767d\u8bed\uff1aBaipho [p\u025b\u0330\u02e6\u02e8xo\u0330\u02e6]\uff0c\u767d\u548c\uff1b\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\uff1aB\u00e1i Z\u00fa\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u539f\u5c45\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u7684\u5927\u7406\u767d\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u3001\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u7684\u6bd5\u8282\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u7684\u6851\u690d\u5730\u533a\u3002\u767d\u65cf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u768456\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c[2]\u622a\u81f32020\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a2,091,543\u4eba\u3002[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Bai people hold the colour white in high esteem and call themselves “Baipzix” (p\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 tsi\u02e7<\/em>, Baizi, \u767d\u5b50), “Bai’ho” (p\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 xo\u02e6<\/em>, Baihuo, \u767d\u4f19), “Bai yinl” (p\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 ji\u02e8\u02e9<\/em>, Baini, \u767d\u5c3c), or “Miep jiax”. Bai<\/em> means “white” in Chinese. Because of their strong preference for white, in 1956 the Chinese authorities named this ethnic group the Bai nationality.[3]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u767d\u8272\u6781\u4e3a\u5c0a\u5d07\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u767d\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u767d\u8bed\uff1ap\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 tsi\u02e7\uff09\u3001\u201c\u767d\u4f19\u201d\uff08\u767d\u8bed\uff1ap\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 xo\u02e6\uff09\u3001\u201c\u767d\u5c3c\u201d\uff08\u767d\u8bed\uff1ap\u025b\u02e6\u02e8 ji\u02e8\u02e9\uff09\u6216\u201c\u6c11\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u767d\u201d\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u8272\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u6781\u4e3a\u504f\u7231\u767d\u8272\uff0c1956\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u767d\u65cf\u3002[3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai were previously named the Minjia (\u6c11\u5bb6) by the Chinese from the 14th century to 1949.[4]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ece14\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f31949\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u66fe\u5c06\u767d\u65cf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u5bb6\u201d\u3002[4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai people are one of the most sinicized<\/a> minorities in China. Although the Bai are technically one of China’s 56 official ethnic groups, it is difficult to qualify them as a distinct ethnic minority. As early as the 1940s, some rejected their non-Chinese origin and preferred to identify themselves solely as Chinese. The Bai ethnic label was not widely used or known until 1958. Today, the Bai people accept minority status for pragmatic reasons; however, they are culturally nearly indistinguishable from Han Chinese.[5]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u627f\u8ba4\u768456\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u5176\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u975e\u6c49\u65cf\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ec5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u76f4\u52301958\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u767d\u65cf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u6807\u7b7e\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6c49\u65cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u3002[5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

One prerequisite for creating a hybrid form of Chinese would be a unique cultural identity, distinct from the Han, but the Bai people have been said by the sinologist Charles Patrick Fitzgerald to have held no \u2018strong national feeling\u2019 even before 1949. Hence, Fitzgerald, author of an authoritative study on Bai (whom he called by their former Chinese name, the Min-kia [minjia \u6c11\u5bb6]), said that many travelers regarded them as an absorbed people hardly to be distinguished from Han Chinese.[6]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u6c49\u65cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u83f2\u8328\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u57281949\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u83f2\u8328\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08\u5176\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u4e3a\u5176\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u201c\u6c11\u5bb6\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6c49\u65cf\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002[6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u200aDuncan Poupard<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. \u65cf\u6e90\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u65cf\u6e90\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u5316\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\uff0c\u6307\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8003\u53e4\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65cf\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u6587\u5316\u65cf\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u65cf\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u65cf\u6e90\u662f\u4e5d\u9686\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u5148\u7956\u662f\u54c0\u7262\u5c71\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u6c99\u58f9\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u3002\u6c99\u58f9\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u6839\u6c89\u6728\u800c\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u751f\u4e0b10\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u53eb\u4e5d\u9686\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u5c31\u662f\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u660e\u4ee3\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u767d\u65cf\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u5e38\u523b\u6709\u201c\u4e5d\u9686\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u8bcf\u5f00\u59cb\u767d\u65cf\u53d7\u4f5b\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u91cd\u3002\u767d\u65cf\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea7\u751f\u963f\u80b2\u738b\u4e3a\u767d\u65cf\u7956\u5148\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u660e\u671d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u5047\u5192\u662f\u6c5f\u5357\u4eba\u540e\u88d4\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u5357\u4eac\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u8003\u53e4\u65cf\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u65cf\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6cdb\u6d31\u6d77<\/a>\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u82cd\u5c71<\/a>\u9a6c\u9f99\u5cf04000\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u9f99\u9057\u5740<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u9a6c\u9f99\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u767d\u65cf\u5148\u4eba\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6797\u8c26\u4e00\u90ce\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6d31\u6d77\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6d31\u6d77\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u6cdb\u6d31\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u82cd\u5c71\u9a6c\u9f99\u4eba\uff0c\u5bbe\u5ddd<\/a>\u767d\u7f8a<\/a>\u4eba\uff0c\u7965\u4e91<\/a>\u5927\u6ce2\u90a3<\/a>\u4eba\u548c\u5251\u5ddd<\/a>\u6d77\u95e8\u53e3<\/a>\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u5148\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e91\u5357\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The origin of the Bai people has been heavily debated over the past century, though those debates mainly focus on the groups of people who were assimilated. According to archaeological excavations around Lake Erhai, the Bai people may have originated in the area around the lake. The earliest human site, discovered in the early 20th century, was called the paleolithic Malong relics of Mt. Cangshan (\u82cd\u5c71\u9a6c\u9f99\u9057\u5740), dated circa 4000 BP<\/a>. The late sites include Haimenkou of Jianchuan (\u5251\u5ddd\u6d77\u95e8\u53e3, 3000 BP), Baiyangcun of Binchuan (\u5bbe\u5ddd\u767d\u7f8a\u6751, 3500 BP), and Dabona of Xiangyun (\u7965\u4e91\u5927\u6ce2\u90a3, 2350 BP).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e0a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6d31\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d31\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u5740\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u82cd\u5c71\u9a6c\u9f99\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u9057\u5740\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u7ea64000\u5e74\u3002\u8f83\u665a\u7684\u9057\u5740\u5305\u62ec\u5251\u5ddd\u6d77\u95e8\u53e3\u9057\u5740\uff08\u8ddd\u4eca3000\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u5bbe\u5ddd\u767d\u7f8a\u6751\u9057\u5740\uff08\u8ddd\u4eca3500\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u7965\u4e91\u5927\u6ce2\u90a3\u9057\u5740\uff08\u8ddd\u4eca2350\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d31\u6d77\u4eba\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u6c10\u7f8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u6fee\u4eba<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6c49\u4ee5\u6765\u9646\u7eed\u8fc1\u5165\u4e91\u5357\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u767d\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3002\u767d\u65cf\u53d7\u6c49\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u6df1\u3002\u5728\u664b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u5927\u7406\u5dde<\/a>\u5f25\u6e21\u53bf<\/a>\u5883\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u767d\u5d16\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u767d\u5b50\u56fd<\/a>\u3002\u201c\u767d\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u65cf\u79f0\u201c\u767d\u201d\u5373\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u767d\u5b50\u56fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86400\u591a\u5e74\u4f20\u4e8617\u4ee3\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u5357\u8bcf<\/a>\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u5357\u8bcf\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u529b\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e0e\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u5357\u8bcf\u4e2d\u671f\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210[2]<\/a>[\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u6765\u6e90]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai are mentioned in Tang dynasty<\/a> texts as the ‘Bo (or Bai) People’. Assuming the Bo transcription is correct, the earliest mention of the Bai was in the third century BCE<\/a> in a text called L\u00fcshi Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Master L\u00fc Buwei).<\/em> They were mentioned again in Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian<\/em> in the first century BCE.[12]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u50f0\uff08\u6216\u767d\uff09\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201c\u50f0\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u97f3\u8bd1\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8bb0\u8f7d\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u300a\u5415\u6c0f\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d1\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u767d\u65cf\u3002[12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai were one of the tribes that helped establish Nanzhao<\/a> (649\u2013902). In 937, the Dali Kingdom<\/a> was founded by Duan Siping<\/a>, a Bai man whose family had played a major role in the Nanzhao Kingdom, advocated for the “relief of corv\u00e9e” (Chinese<\/a>: \u5bbd\u5fad\u5f79) and joined 37 tribes in eastern Yunnan<\/a> to instigate a rebellion. The Dali Kingdom persisted for about 300 years (937-1253), facilitating the Bai’s establishment of internal cohesion centered around the Erhai Lake<\/a>.[13]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u5357\u8bcf\u56fd\uff08649-902\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002937\u5e74\uff0c\u6bb5\u601d\u5e73\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u5728\u5357\u8bcf\u56fd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u7406\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u201c\u5bbd\u5fad\u5f79\u201d\uff08\u5373\u51cf\u8f7b\u52b3\u5f79\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8054\u5408\u4e86\u4e91\u5357\u4e1c\u90e8\u768437\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u53d1\u52a8\u53db\u4e71\u3002\u5927\u7406\u56fd\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u7ea6300\u5e74\uff08937-1253\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u767d\u65cf\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u6d31\u6d77\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002[13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1253, the Mongols led by Kublai Khan<\/a> conquered the Dali Kingdom.[14]<\/a><\/sup> The Yuan dynasty<\/a> established Yunnan Province<\/a>, created administrative districts in the Erhai region, and retained the Duan Family, the former rulers of Dali, to oversee the region.[15]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111253\u5e74\uff0c\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u7387\u9886\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u961f\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5927\u7406\u56fd\u3002[14]\u5143\u671d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e91\u5357\u7701\uff0c\u5728\u6d31\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u524d\u5927\u7406\u56fd\u7684\u6bb5\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u3002[15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1381, the Ming dynasty<\/a> army defeated the Yuan forces, deposed the former ruler of Dali, instituted Dali Prefecture, and subsequently migrated to the Dali region to cultivate the land.[16]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111381\u5e74\uff0c\u660e\u671d\u519b\u961f\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5143\u519b\uff0c\u5e9f\u9edc\u4e86\u5927\u7406\u7684\u524d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u7406\u5e9c\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u8fc1\u5165\u5927\u7406\u5730\u533a\u5f00\u57a6\u571f\u5730\u3002[16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5206\u5e03 | Location<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Bai predominantly reside in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture<\/a>, Yunnan Province<\/a>,[7]<\/a><\/sup> as well as in Gucheng District<\/a> and Yulong County<\/a> of Lijiang City<\/a>, Nanhua County<\/a> of Chuxiong Prefecture<\/a>, Xishan District<\/a>, Wuhua District<\/a>, and Anning City<\/a> (Taiping Town) of Kunming City<\/a>, Lushui County<\/a> of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture<\/a>, Longyang District<\/a> of Baoshan City<\/a>, Fengqing County<\/a> of Lincang City<\/a>, and portions of Zhenxiong County<\/a> of Zhaotong City<\/a>.[8]<\/a>[9]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\u4e3b\u8981\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u7684\u5927\u7406\u767d\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\uff0c[7]\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3d\u6c5f\u5e02\u7684\u53e4\u57ce\u533a\u548c\u7389\u9f99\u53bf\u3001\u695a\u96c4\u5dde\u7684\u5357\u534e\u53bf\u3001\u6606\u660e\u5e02\u7684\u897f\u5c71\u533a\u3001\u4e94\u534e\u533a\u548c\u5b89\u5b81\u5e02\uff08\u592a\u5e73\u9547\uff09\u3001\u6012\u6c5f\u5088\u50f3\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u7684\u6cf8\u6c34\u53bf\u3001\u4fdd\u5c71\u5e02\u7684\u9686\u9633\u533a\u3001\u4e34\u6ca7\u5e02\u7684\u51e4\u5e86\u53bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662d\u901a\u5e02\u9547\u96c4\u53bf\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u3002[8][9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bai also constitute a hereditary ethnic group in Guizhou<\/a>, Hunan<\/a>, and Hubei Provinces<\/a>, specifically in Bijie City<\/a>, Liuzhi Special District<\/a>, and Shucheng County<\/a> within Liupanshui City<\/a> in Guizhou; Sangzhi County<\/a> in Zhangjiajie City<\/a> in Hunan; and Hefeng County<\/a> in Enshi Prefecture<\/a> in Hubei.[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u65cf\u4e5f\u662f\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u548c\u6e56\u5317\u7b49\u7701\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u516d\u76d8\u6c34\u5e02\u7684\u6bd5\u8282\u5e02\u3001\u516d\u679d\u7279\u533a\u3001\u6c34\u57ce\u53bf\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u5f20\u5bb6\u754c\u5e02\u7684\u6851\u690d\u53bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u6069\u65bd\u5dde\u7684\u9e64\u5cf0\u53bf\u3002[10][11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e2000\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5<\/a>\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6709\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u53e31,861,895\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u76841.77%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e91\u5357\u67091,505,644\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u768480.87%\uff1b\u8d35\u5dde\u6709187,362\u4eba\uff0c\u536010.06%\uff1b\u6e56\u5357\u6709125,597\u4eba\uff0c\u53606.75%\uff1b\u6e56\u5317\u67097,173\u4eba\uff0c\u53600.39%\u3002\u9664\u4e16\u5c45\u5730\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7701\u5e02\u533a\u53ca\u73b0\u5f79\u519b\u4eba\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u767d\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u5206\u5e03[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u652f\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u8bcf\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u652f\u7cfb\u4f17\u591a\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6cdb\u6d31\u6d77\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ece\u5c5e\u3002\u5357\u8bcf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fde\u7ef5\u8fd1600\u5e74\u7684\u4e91\u5357\u767d\u65cf\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u767d\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u5747\u8d28\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u767d\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u5dee\u5f02\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u8fd1\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u767d\u65cf\u7684\u652f\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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