{"id":5574,"date":"2025-03-20T21:37:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T13:37:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5574"},"modified":"2025-03-29T13:39:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T05:39:06","slug":"chengdu-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/03\/20\/chengdu-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6210\u90fd\u5e02 \/ Chengdu -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\n
\u56fe0-1\u81f30-9\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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It is traditionally the hub of Western China<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5b83\u5386\u6765\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chengdu is in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain<\/a> is known as the “Country of Heaven”[Chinese: \u5929\u5e9c\u4e4b\u56fd; pinyin: Ti\u0101nf\u01d4 zhi Gu\u00f3<\/em>]<\/sup> and the “Land of Abundance”. Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui<\/a> culture. The site of Dujiangyan<\/a>, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site<\/a>.[6]<\/a><\/sup> The Jin River<\/a> flows through the city. Chengdu’s culture reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO<\/a> as a city of gastronomy.[7]<\/a><\/sup> It is associated with the giant panda<\/a>, a Chinese national symbol that inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding<\/a>.
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Founded by the Kingdom of Shu<\/a> in the 4th century BC, Chengdu is unique as the only major Chinese settlement that has maintained its name unchanged throughout the imperial<\/a>, republican<\/a>, and communist<\/a> eras for more than two thousand years. It was the capital of Liu Bei<\/a>‘s Shu Han Empire<\/a> during the Three Kingdoms<\/a> Era, as well as several other local kingdoms during the Middle Ages.[8]<\/a><\/sup> During World War II<\/a>, refugees from eastern China fleeing from the Japanese settled in Chengdu. After the war, Chengdu was briefly the capital of the Nationalist republican government<\/a> until it withdrew to Taipei<\/a> on the island of Taiwan<\/a>. Under the PRC, Chengdu’s importance as a link between Eastern China and Western China expanded, with railways built to Chongqing<\/a> in 1952, and Kunming<\/a> and Tibet afterward.[8]<\/a><\/sup> In the 1960s, Chengdu became an important defense industry hub.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8700\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5218\u5907\u7684\u8700\u6c49\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4e3a\u8eb2\u907f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u800c\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u653f\u5e9c\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u5c9b\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c1952\u5e74\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u6606\u660e\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chengdu is now one of the most important economic, financial, commercial, cultural, transportation, research, and communication centers in China. Its economy is diverse, characterized by the machinery<\/a>, automobile<\/a>, medicine, food, and information technology<\/a> industries. Chengdu is a leading financial hub, ranking 35th globally on the 2021 Global Financial Centres Index<\/a>.[9]<\/a><\/sup> Chengdu also hosts many international companies; more than 300 Fortune 500<\/a> companies have established branches in Chengdu.[10]<\/a><\/sup> Chengdu is the third Chinese city with two international airports after Beijing and Shanghai.[11]<\/a><\/sup> Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport<\/a>, and the newly built Tianfu International Airport<\/a>, a hub of Air China<\/a> and Sichuan Airlines<\/a>, is one of the 30 busiest airports<\/a> in the world, and the Chengdu railway station<\/a> is one of the six biggest in China.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u5982\u4eca\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u533b\u836f\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5148\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u57282021\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6307\u6570\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c35\u4f4d\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u8fd8\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7300\u5bb6\u8d22\u5bcc500\u5f3a\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u662f\u7ee7\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u53cc\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u548c\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u5929\u5e9c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u548c\u56db\u5ddd\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u673a\u573a\uff09\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u768430\u4e2a\u673a\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u90fd\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u516d\u5927\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chengdu is considered a “Beta + (global second-tier)” city classification (along with Barcelona and Washington, D.C.) according to the GaWC<\/a>.[12]<\/a><\/sup> As of 2023, the city also hosts 23 foreign consulates, the fourth most in China behind Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.[13]<\/a><\/sup> Chengdu is the seat of the Western Theater Command<\/a> region of the People’s Liberation Army<\/a>.[14]<\/a><\/sup> In 2023, Chengdu became the third Chinese city to host the 31st FISU Summer World University Games<\/a>, after Beijing 2001<\/a> and Shenzhen 2011<\/a>. The city will also host the 2025 World Games<\/a>. It is considered one of the best cities in China to live in,[15]<\/a>[16]<\/a><\/sup> and also a national central city<\/a> of China.[17]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\uff08GaWC\uff09\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201cBeta +\uff08\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\uff09\u201d\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u4e0e\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u90a3\u548c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u5e76\u5217\uff09\u3002\u622a\u81f32023\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u8fd8\u8bbe\u670923\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u897f\u90e8\u6218\u533a\u7684\u9a7b\u5730\u30022023\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7ee72001\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u548c2011\u5e74\u6df1\u5733\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3e\u529e\u7b2c31\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4f53\u80b2\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u590f\u5b63\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u8fd8\u5c06\u4e3e\u529e2025\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chengdu is one of the world’s top 25 cities by scientific research output<\/a>.[18]<\/a><\/sup> The city is home to the greatest number of universities and research institutes<\/a> in Western China. Notably, these include: Sichuan University<\/a>, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China<\/a>, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics<\/a>, Southwest Jiaotong University<\/a>, Chengdu University of Technology<\/a>, Sichuan Normal University<\/a>, and Xihua University<\/a>.[19]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u51fa\u65b9\u9762\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u524d25\u540d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u8be5\u5e02\u62e5\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6709\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u897f\u5357\u8d22\u7ecf\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u897f\u5357\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u897f\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5750\u6807\uff1a\"\"30\u00b039\u203236\u2033N 104\u00b003\u203248\u2033E<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
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1928\u5e749\u67081\u65e5<\/a>\u5efa\u5e02<\/td><\/tr>
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\u4e0b\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u533a<\/a><\/th>12\u5e02\u8f96\u533a<\/a>\u30015\u53bf\u7ea7\u5e02<\/a>\u30013\u53bf<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u653f\u5e9c<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5e02\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0<\/a><\/th>\u66f9\u7acb\u519b<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb<\/th>\u5f20\u5261<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5e02\u957f<\/th>\u738b\u51e4\u671d<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
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\u9762\u79ef<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5730\u7ea7\u5e02<\/a><\/th>14,335 \u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff085,535 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5e02\u533a<\/a><\/th>3,639.81 \u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff081,405.34 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u9762\u79ef\u6392\u540d<\/th>\u5168\u7701\u7b2c8\u4f4d<\/a>\uff08\u5360\u5168\u56db\u5ddd\u77012.95%\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5efa\u6210\u533a<\/a>\uff082022[2]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09<\/th>1,063.68 \u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08410.69 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6d77\u62d4<\/th>500 \u7c73\uff081,600 \u82f1\u5c3a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6700\u9ad8\u6d77\u62d4<\/th>5,364 \u7c73\uff0817,598 \u82f1\u5c3a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u53e3\uff082022\uff09<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5e38\u4f4f<\/th>2,126.80\u4e07\u4eba<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u6392\u540d<\/th>\u5168\u7701\u7b2c1\u4f4d<\/a>\uff08\u5360\u5168\u56db\u5ddd\u770119.58%\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5bc6\u5ea6<\/a><\/th>1,139\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff082,950\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u5e02\u533a<\/a>\uff082022[2]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09<\/th>1,399.1\u4e07\u4eba<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u57ce\u9547<\/a>\uff082020\uff09<\/th>1,649.30\u4e07\u4eba<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u57ce\u533a\u5e38\u4f4f<\/a>\uff082022[2]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09<\/th>1,257.24\u4e07\u4eba<\/td><\/tr>
\u8bed\u8a00<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 \u65b9\u8a00<\/a><\/th>\u56db\u5ddd\u8bdd<\/a>\uff08\u6210\u6e1d\u5c0f\u7247<\/a>\u3001\u5cb7\u8d64\u5c0f\u7247<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u571f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u8bdd<\/a>
\u57ce\u533a\u65b9\u8a00\uff1a\u6210\u90fd\u8bdd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u65f6\u533a<\/a><\/th>\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f4<\/a>\uff08UTC+8<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801<\/a><\/th>610000<\/td><\/tr>
\u7535\u8bdd\u533a\u53f7<\/a><\/th>28<\/td><\/tr>
\u8f66\u8f86\u53f7\u724c<\/a><\/th>\u5dddA
\u5dddG\uff08\u589e\u8865\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6c14\u5019<\/a><\/th>\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u5b63\u98ce\u6c14\u5019<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5e74\u5747\u6e29<\/a><\/th>16.4 \u2103<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5e74\u964d\u6c34<\/a><\/th>887\u6beb\u7c73<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5e74\u65e5\u7167<\/a><\/th>945\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td><\/tr>
\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u4ee3\u7801<\/a><\/th>510100<\/td><\/tr>
\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c<\/a>\uff082023\uff09<\/th>\u00a5<\/a>22074.7\u4ebf[3]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u5168\u7701\u7b2c1\u4f4d<\/a>\uff09
3148.33\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143<\/a>\uff08\u6c47\u7387<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
HDI<\/a>\uff082016\uff09<\/th>0.779  \u9ad8 [4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
\u7f51\u7ad9<\/th>www.chengdu.gov.cn<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
\u5e02\u8c61\u5f81<\/td><\/tr>
\u82b1<\/th>\u8299\u84c9<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6811<\/th>\u94f6\u674f<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6210\u90fd\u5e02<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u6c49\u8bed<\/a><\/th>\u6210<\/a>\u90fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d<\/th>\u6210\u4e3a\u90fd\u5e02\uff08\u51fa\u81ea\u201c\u4e00\u5e74\u800c\u6240\u5c45\u6210\u805a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6210\u9091\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u6210\u90fd<\/strong>\u201d\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0.3 \u57ce\u5e02\u6807\u5fd7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe0-10\u548c0-11\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1992\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5e02\u5fbd\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u5e02\u5fbd\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5e02\u5fbd\u56fe\u6848\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u624b\u6301\u7af9<\/a>\u5b50\u7684\u718a\u732b<\/a>\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u662f\u8854\u7740\u94f6\u674f<\/a>\u53f6\u3001\u679c\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u9e3d<\/a>\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u9e3d\u5448\u201cC\u201d\u72b6\uff0c\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u201cChengdu\u201d\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u94f6\u674f\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u6811\uff0c\u800c\u718a\u732b\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021997\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u529e\u516c\u5385<\/a>\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u529e\u516c\u5385<\/a>\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u81ea\u884c\u5236\u4f5c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u65d7\u3001\u5fbd\u7684\u901a\u77e5<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5fbd\u56e0\u6b64\u53d6\u6d88[217]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2001\u5e74\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u795e\u9e1f\u91d1\u9970<\/a>\u4ece\u57ce\u897f\u7684\u91d1\u6c99\u9057\u5740<\/a>\u51fa\u571f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u56db\u9e1f\u7ed5\u65e5\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5148\u4eba\u5bf9\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6781\u5bcc\u7f8e\u611f\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u6c11\u53ca\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u592a\u9633\u795e\u9e1f\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d77\u62a5\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u7b51\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5929\u5e9c\u7acb\u4ea4\u6865\uff09\u4e5f\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4e5f\u8131\u80ce\u4e8e\u6b64[218]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u90fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u4e3a\u5929\u5e9c\u5e7f\u573a<\/a>\uff0c\u5e7f\u573a\u6b63\u5317\u4e3a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c<\/a>\u7ad9\u7acb\u6325\u624b\u96d5\u5851<\/a>\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u5206\u5e03\u591a\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u573a\u6240\u548c\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u5927\u9053\u4ee5\u5e7f\u573a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5411\u56db\u65b9\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u800c\u57282016\u5e744\u53f7\u7ebf\u5f00\u901a\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5929\u5e9c\u5e7f\u573a\u5730\u94c1\u7ad9<\/a>\u66f4\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u94c1\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6362\u4e58\u7ad9\u3002\u800c\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u5357\u5317\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u5219\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5357\u8def\u53ca\u5176\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u7ebf\u2014\u5929\u5e9c\u5927\u9053\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u5357\u8def\u65e9\u671f\u7531\u77e5\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u674e\u52bc\u4eba<\/a>\u4efb\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u671f\u95f4\u5efa\u8bbe[219]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8d77\u4e8e\u5929\u5e9c\u5e7f\u573a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u5ef6\u957f\u3002\u5176\u8d2f\u7a7f\u8001\u57ce\u533a\u3001\u9ad8\u65b0\u533a<\/a>\u548c\u5929\u5e9c\u65b0\u533a<\/a>\uff0c\u6cbf\u7ebf\u5206\u5e03\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u6807\uff08\u5982\u5929\u5e9c\u5e7f\u573a\u3001\u9526\u6c5f\u5bbe\u9986\u3001\u5929\u5e9c\u7acb\u4ea4\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u57ce\u53cc\u5b50\u5854\u3001\u73af\u7403\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd-\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5174\u9686\u6e56\u7b49\uff09[220]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u540d\u79f0 | Name<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The name Chengdu is attested in sources dating back to the Warring States period<\/a>. It has been called the only major city in China to have remained at an unchanged location with an unchanged name throughout the imperial<\/a>, republican<\/a>, and communist<\/a> eras.[20]<\/a><\/sup> However, it also had other names; for example, it was briefly known as “Xijing” (Western Capital) in the 17th century.[21]<\/a><\/sup> Etymology of the name is unclear. The earliest and most widely known explanation, although not generally accepted by modern scholars,[22]<\/a><\/sup> is provided in the 10th-century geographical work Universal Geography of the Taiping Era<\/a><\/em>, which states that the ninth king of Shu<\/a>‘s Kaiming dynasty<\/a> named his new capital Chengdu after a statement by King Tai of Zhou<\/a> that a settlement needed “one year to become a town, two to become a city, and three to become a metropolis.”[Chinese: \u4ee5\u5468\u592a\u738b\u4ece\u6881\u738b\u6b62\u5c90\u5c71\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u800c\u6240\u5c45\u6210\u805a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6210\u9091\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u56e0\u540d\u4e4b\u6210\u90fd\u3002][23]<\/a><\/sup> (The character for cheng<\/em> Chinese<\/a>: \u6210<\/a> may mean “turned into” while du<\/em> Chinese<\/a>: \u90fd<\/a> can mean either a metropolis<\/a> or a capital).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u6210\u90fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u897f\u4eac\u201d\uff08\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u90fd\u57ce\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u4e14\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\uff09[22]\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea10\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5bf0\u5b87\u8bb0\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8700\u56fd\u5f00\u660e\u738b\u671d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4f4d\u541b\u4e3b\u4ee5\u5468\u592a\u738b\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u90fd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6210\u90fd\u201d\u3002\u5468\u592a\u738b\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5e74\u6210\u805a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6210\u9091\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u201d[23]\uff08\u201c\u6210\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u201c\u53d8\u6210\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u90fd\u201d\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u90fd\u57ce\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The present spelling is based on pinyin<\/a> romanization<\/a>; its Postal Map romanization<\/a> was “Chengtu”. Its former status as the seat of the Chengdu Prefecture<\/a> prompted Marco Polo<\/a>‘s spellings “Sindafu”, “Sin-din-fu”, &c.[24]<\/a>[25]<\/a><\/sup> and the Protestant missionaries<\/a>‘ romanization “Ching-too Foo”.[26]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u62c9\u4e01\u5316\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u5730\u56fe\u62fc\u5199\u662f\u201cChengtu\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9a6c\u53ef\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u662f\u201cSindafu\u201d\u201cSin-din-fu\u201d\u7b49\uff0c[24][25] \u800c\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u662f\u201cChing-too Foo\u201d\u3002[26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the official name of the city has remained (almost) constant, the surrounding area has sometimes taken other names, including “Yizhou<\/a>“. Chinese nicknames for the city include the “Turtle City”, variously derived from the old city walls<\/a>‘ shape on a map or a legend that Zhang Yi<\/a> had planned their course by following a turtle’s tracks; the “Brocade City” (see Sichuan brocade<\/a>), a contraction of the earlier “City of the Brocade Official”, after an imperial office established under the Western Han<\/a>; the “Hibiscus City” (Rongcheng, \u84c9<\/a>\u57ce), from the hibiscus<\/a> which King Meng Chang<\/a> of the Later Shu<\/a> ordered planted upon the city wall<\/a> during the 10th century<\/a>.[27]<\/a>[28]<\/a>[29]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u76ca\u5dde\u201d\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6635\u79f0\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u9f9f\u57ce\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u7531\u6765\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u65e7\u57ce\u5899\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5f20\u4eea\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u53ea\u4e4c\u9f9f\u722c\u884c\u8f68\u8ff9\u89c4\u5212\u57ce\u5899\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff1b\u201c\u9526\u57ce\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u8700\u9526\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u9526\u5b98\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u897f\u6c49\u65f6\u671f\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b98\u804c\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u8299\u84c9\u57ce\u201d\uff08\u84c9\u57ce\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u540e\u8700\u56fd\u738b\u5b5f\u6636\u572810\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5728\u57ce\u5899\u4e0a\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u8299\u84c9\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to \u00c9tienne de la Vaissi\u00e8re<\/a>, “Baghsh\u016br” (lit.\u2009’pond of salt water’) may be the Sogdian<\/a> name for the region of Chengdu. This toponym is attested near Merv<\/a>, but not far from Chengdu are found the large salt water wells of the Yangtze<\/a> basin.[30]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e\u00c9tienne de la Vaissi\u00e8re\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u201cBaghsh\u016br\u201d\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u76d0\u6c34\u6c60\u201d\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7c9f\u7279\u4eba\u5bf9\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u540d\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u6885\u5c14\u592b\uff08Merv\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u5927\u578b\u76d0\u6c34\u4e95\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u6210\u90fd\u5386\u53f2<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u897f\u5357\u91cd\u9547\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6625\u79cb<\/a>\u672b\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c\u53e4\u8700\u56fd<\/a>\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u5f00\u660e\u738b<\/a>\u628a\u90fd\u57ce\u8fc1\u81f3\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u5468\u8d67\u738b<\/a>\u56db\u5e74\uff08\u524d311\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u79e6\u56fd\u5f20\u4eea<\/a>\u6309\u79e6\u9996\u90fd\u54b8\u9633<\/a>\u5efa\u5236\u4fee\u7b51\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5899\u3002\u4e09\u56fd<\/a>\u65f6\u4e3a\u8700\u6c49<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u4e94\u4ee3\u5341\u56fd<\/a>\u65f6\u4e3a\u524d\u8700<\/a>\u3001\u540e\u8700<\/a>\u90fd\u57ce\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u5b58\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u79e6\u6c49\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5c31\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5174\u76db\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u8fbe\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u6c49\u4ee3<\/a>\u6210\u90fd\u4e0e\u6d1b\u9633<\/a>\u7b49\u5e76\u5217\u4e3a\u4e94\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5510\u4ee3<\/a>\u5546\u8d38\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u4e0e\u626c\u5dde<\/a>\u9f50\u540d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u626c\u4e00\u76ca\u4e8c\u201d[9]<\/a><\/sup>[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u5148\u79e6\u81f3\u79e6\u6c49 | Pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-1\u81f32-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Archaeological discoveries at the Sanxingdui<\/a> and Jinsha Site<\/a> have established that the area surrounding Chengdu was inhabited over four thousand years ago, in the 18th\u201310th century BC. At the time of China’s Xia<\/a>, Shang<\/a>, and Zhou<\/a> dynasties<\/a>, it represented a separate ancient bronze-wielding<\/a> culture that, following its partial sinification<\/a>, became known to the Chinese as Shu<\/a>.[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a><\/sup> Shu was conquered by Qin<\/a> in 316 BC, and the settlement was re-founded by Qin general Zhang Yi<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e09\u661f\u5806\u9057\u5740\u548c\u91d1\u6c99\u9057\u5740\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u65e9\u5728\u56db\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5143\u524d18\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d10\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u590f\u3001\u5546\u3001\u5468\u4e09\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u9752\u94dc\u6587\u5316\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u878d\u5165\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8700\u201d\u3002\u8700\u56fd\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d316\u5e74\u88ab\u79e6\u56fd\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7531\u79e6\u5c06\u5f20\u4eea\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u590f\u4ee3<\/a>\u7eaa\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5730\u5904\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u53e4\u8700\u56fd<\/a>\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8f83\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u534e\u590f\u6587\u660e<\/a>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6e90\u5934\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u7684\u53d1\u7965\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u53e4\u8700\u56fd<\/a>\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5b9a\u90fd\u4e8e\u77bf\u4e0a\uff08\u4eca\u6210\u90fd\u6e29\u6c5f\u533a<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u90eb\u9091\uff08\u4eca\u90eb\u90fd\u533a<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u90fd<\/a>\u3001\u5e7f\u90fd<\/a>\u3002\u6625\u79cb<\/a>\u672b\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u5f00\u660e\u738b\u628a\u90fd\u57ce\u8fc1\u81f3\u6210\u90fd[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u636e\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5bf0\u5b87\u8bb0\u300b<\/a>\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u57ce\u540d\u501f\u7528\u897f\u5468\u5efa\u90fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u5468\u738b\u8fc1\u5c90\u201c\u4e00\u5e74\u800c\u6240\u5c45\u6210\u805a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6210\u9091\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u6210\u90fd\u201d\u4e4b\u5178\u6545[19]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u56e0\u540d\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u76f8\u6cbf\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u81ea\u5efa\u57ce\u8d77\u4fbf\u672a\u6539\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u4e3a\u53e4\u8700\u5730\u540d\u97f3\u8bd1\u8bcd[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c06\u201c\u5e7f\u90fd\u3001\u65b0\u90fd\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u201d\u5408\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53e4\u8700\u4e09\u90fd\u201d[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53e4\u8700\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u5982\u4e09\u661f\u5806\u9057\u5740<\/a>\u3001\u91d1\u6c99\u9057\u5740<\/a>\u3001\u9c7c\u51eb\u53e4\u57ce\u9057\u5740<\/a>\u3001\u671b\u4e1b\u7960<\/a>\u7b49\uff0c\u5730\u5904\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u7684\u91d1\u6c99\u9057\u5740<\/a>\u5219\u662f\u53e4\u8700\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dc5\u5cf0[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u8700\u56fd<\/a>\u662f\u79e6\u56fd<\/a>\u7edf\u4e00\u5929\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u653b\u53d6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u79e6\u60e0\u6587\u738b<\/a>\u4e3a\u6b64\u51c6\u5907\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u7531\u79e6\u5165\u8700\u7684\u77f3\u725b\u9053\uff08\u5373\u91d1\u725b\u9053\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d316\u5e74\uff0c\u79e6\u60e0\u6587\u738b\u501f\u5df4\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u8700\u56fd\u4e92\u653b\u4e4b\u673a\uff0c\u6d3e\u53f8\u9a6c\u9519<\/a>\u7387\u519b\u6cbf\u77f3\u725b\u9053\u5165\u8700\uff0c\u6570\u6708\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fbf\u653b\u5360\u8700\u5730[23]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u79e6\u738b\u4e09\u7acb\u4e09\u5e9f\u8700\u4faf\uff0c\u7ec8\u7f6e\u8700\u90e1<\/a>\uff0c\u90e1\u6cbb\u6210\u90fd\u53bf<\/a>\u5373\u8bbe\u4e8e\u539f\u8700\u90fd\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u524d311\u5e74\uff0c\u79e6\u56fd\u5f20\u4eea\u6309\u9996\u90fd\u54b8\u9633<\/a>\u5efa\u5236\u4fee\u7b51\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5899\uff0c\u7b51\u6709\u76f8\u5e76\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u548c\u5c11\u57ce\uff1b\u6210\u90fd\u636e\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u786e\u5207\u53f2\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u6700\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u57ce\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u524d256\u5e74\uff0c\u79e6\u662d\u738b<\/a>\u4efb\u547d\u674e\u51b0<\/a>\u4e3a\u8700\u90e1\u90e1\u5b88<\/a>\uff0c\u4efb\u5185\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u4e3e\u4e16\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b<\/a>\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\u4ece\u6b64\u6c83\u91ce\u5343\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6c34\u65f1\u4ece\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9965\u9991\uff0c\u65f6\u65e0\u8352\u5e74\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u5929\u5e9c<\/a>\u201d[24]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u79e6\u672b\u4fbf\u53d6\u4ee3\u5173\u4e2d\u5e73\u539f<\/a>\u83b7\u201c\u5929\u5e9c\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f8e\u8a89\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca[25]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c49\u4ee3<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u76f8\u5f53\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u7ec7\u9526\u4e1a\u5c24\u5176\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u671d\u5ef7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u8d4b\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u671d\u5ef7\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9526\u5b98<\/a>\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u897f\u5357\u5efa\u9020\u201c\u9526\u5b98\u57ce\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u9526\u5b98\u57ce\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9526\u57ce\u201d\u7531\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u522b\u79f0\u3002\u6c49\u5e73\u5e1d<\/a>\u5143\u59cb<\/a>\u4e8c\u5e74\uff082\u5e74\uff09\u65f6\u6210\u90fd\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u52307\u4e076\u5343\u6237\uff08\u7ea635.4\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89<\/a>\u3001\u96d2\u9633<\/a>\u3001\u90af\u90f8<\/a>\u3001\u4e34\u6dc4<\/a>\u3001\u5b9b\u57ce<\/a>\u4e00\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u6c49\u671d\u516d\u5927\u90fd\u5e02[26]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6c49\u666f\u5e1d<\/a>\u540e\u5143\u4e09\u5e74\uff08\u524d141\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8700\u90e1\u592a\u5b88\u6587\u515a<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u529e\u5b66\u5802\u201c\u6587\u7fc1\u77f3\u5ba4<\/a>\u201d\u3002\u6c49\u4ee3\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4eba\u53f8\u9a6c\u76f8\u5982<\/a>\u3001\u626c\u96c4<\/a>\u3001\u738b\u8912<\/a>\u7686\u4e3a\u6c49\u4ee3\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6[27]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u524d\u6c49<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8<\/a>\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u96d2\u53bf\uff08\u4eca\u56db\u5ddd\u5e7f\u6c49\u5e02\uff09\u7f6e\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8<\/a>\uff0c\u523a\u53f2\u90e8\u540e\u8fc1\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u4e1c\u6c49\u5149\u6b66\u5e1d<\/a>\u5efa\u6b66<\/a>\u5143\u5e74\uff0825\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5b59\u8ff0<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u201c\u6210\u5bb6<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u6539\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8\u4e3a\u53f8\u96b6\u6821\u5c09<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u8700\u90e1\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5c39\u3002\u5efa\u6b66\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0836\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e1c\u6c49<\/a>\u5927\u53f8\u9a6c<\/a>\u5434\u6c49<\/a>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u5e74\u5f81\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u653b\u9677\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u6210\u5bb6\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8\u3002\u6c49\u7075\u5e1d<\/a>\u4e2d\u5e73<\/a>\u4e94\u5e74\uff08188\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u63a5\u53d7\u5218\u7109<\/a>\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6539\u5404\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8<\/a>\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u62db\u52df\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6307\u6325\u6743\u7684\u5dde\u7267<\/a>\uff0c\u5218\u7109<\/a>\u5219\u4e3a\u9996\u4efb\u76ca\u5dde\u7267\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cbb\u6240\u4e8e\u7ef5\u7af9<\/a>\uff0c\u6c49\u732e\u5e1d<\/a>\u521d\u5e73<\/a>\u4e94\u5e74\uff08194\u5e74\uff09\u8fc1\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8<\/a>\u662f\u897f\u57df\u80e1\u4eba\u5174\u8d3e\u7ecf\u8425\u4e4b\u5730[29]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the Han<\/a>, the brocade<\/a> produced in Chengdu became fashionable and was exported throughout China. A “Brocade Official” (\u9326\u5b98; j\u01d0ngu\u0101n<\/em>) was established to oversee its production and transaction.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u6c49\u4ee3\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8700\u9526\u975e\u5e38\u65f6\u5c1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7545\u9500\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u9526\u5b98\u201d\uff08\u9326\u5b98\uff1bj\u01d0ngu\u0101n\uff09\u6765\u76d1\u7763\u8700\u9526\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u4e09\u56fd\u4e24\u664b\u5357\u5317\u671d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-6\u81f32-9\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u8700\u6c49<\/a>\u7ae0\u6b66\u5143\u5e74\uff08221\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u4e2d\u738b\u5218\u5907<\/a>\u5728\u8bf8\u845b\u4eae<\/a>\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8f85\u4f50\u4e0b\u79f0\u5e1d\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u6c49\u7edf\uff0c\u6cbf\u5b9a\u56fd\u53f7\u4e3a\u6c49\uff08\u53f2\u79f0\u8700\u6c49\uff0c\u4ea6\u7b80\u79f0\u8700\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u8700\u90e1\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u5e76\u5efa\u90fd\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u66f9\u9b4f\u3001\u8700\u6c49\u3001\u5b59\u5434\u4e09\u56fd\u5272\u636e\u9f0e\u7acb\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u76d0\u4e1a\u548c\u7ec7\u9526\u4e1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u6062\u590d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u8700\u6c49\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u662f\u8700\u6c49\u653f\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3[30]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8700\u6c49\u708e\u5174<\/a>\u5143\u5e74\uff08263\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9b4f\u9093\u827e<\/a>\u3001\u949f\u4f1a<\/a>\u7387\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u8700\u6c49\uff0c\u8700\u6c49\u540e\u4e3b\u5218\u7985<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u6295\u964d\u3002\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8\u4e3a\u9b4f\u6240\u5360[31]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u897f\u664b<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u90e8<\/a>\u5206\u4e3a\u76ca\u5dde\u3001\u6881\u5dde<\/a>\u4e8c\u5dde\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u76ca\u5dde\u6cbb\u6240\u3002\u897f\u664b\u6c38\u5b89\u5143\u5e74\uff08304\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6c10<\/a>\u4eba\u674e\u96c4<\/a>\u653b\u9677\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u540e\u81ea\u79f0\u6210\u90fd\u738b\uff1b\u5149\u7199\u5143\u5e74\uff08306\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u96c4\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u5927\u6210<\/a>\u3002\u4e1c\u664b<\/a>\u54b8\u5eb7\u56db\u5e74\uff08338\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u5bff<\/a>\u6539\u56fd\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u6c49\u201d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u6210\u6c49<\/a>\u3002\u6c38\u548c\u4e09\u5e74\uff08347\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u6c49\u4e3a\u4e1c\u664b\u6853\u6e29<\/a>\u6240\u653b\u706d\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u664b\u6240\u9886\u7684\u76ca\u5dde\u3002\u5b81\u5eb7<\/a>\u5143\u5e74\uff08373\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u79e6<\/a>\u653b\u53d6\u6881\u3001\u76ca\u4e8c\u5dde\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e76\u5165\u524d\u79e6\u7586\u571f\u3002\u6ddd\u6c34\u4e4b\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u524d\u79e6\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4e1c\u664b\u5c06\u9886\u6853\u51b2<\/a>\u8d81\u52bf\u4e8e\u592a\u5143\u5341\u5e74\uff08385\u5e74\uff09\u6536\u590d\u76ca\u5dde[32]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e1c\u664b\u4e49\u7199\u5143\u5e74\uff08405\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u519b\u8c2f\u7eb5<\/a>\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u5df4\u8700\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8c2f\u8700<\/a>\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u6210\u90fd\u738b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u5411\u540e\u79e6<\/a>\u79f0\u85e9\uff0c\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u8700\u738b\u3002\u4e49\u7199\u4e5d\u5e74\uff08413\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e1c\u664b\u592a\u5c09<\/a>\u5218\u88d5<\/a>\u4ee5\u6731\u9f84\u77f3<\/a>\u4e3a\u5e05\u5f81\u4f10\u8c2f\u8700<\/a>\uff0c\u653b\u514b\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u8c2f\u7eb5\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u8c2f\u8700\u4ea1[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u5317\u671d<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u5148\u540e\u53d7\u5357\u671d\u7684\u5b8b\u3001\u9f50\u3001\u6881\u548c\u5317\u671d\u7684\u897f\u9b4f\u3001\u5317\u5468\u51715\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8be5\u662f\u5730\u533a\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3[34]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u8427\u9f50\u6b66\u5e1d\u4ee5\u8427\u9274<\/a>\u4e3a\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fb7\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u91c7\u9547\u538b\u524d\u671d\u5b97\u5ba4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u6062\u590d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u90fd\u201d[35]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8427\u6881\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u9093\u5143\u8d77<\/a>\u3001\u8427\u7eaa<\/a>\u5148\u540e\u6cbb\u76ca\u5dde\uff0c\u5185\u4fee\u8015\u6851\u76d0\u94c1\u4e4b\u653f\uff0c\u5916\u901a\u5546\u8d3e\u8fdc\u65b9\u4e4b\u5229\u3002\u4faf\u666f\u4e4b\u4e71<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u627f\u5723<\/a>\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08553\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u9b4f<\/a>\u519b\u653b\u5165\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u5e76\u5165\u897f\u9b4f\u7586\u571f\u3002\u5317\u5468<\/a>\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u5b87\u6587\u5baa<\/a>\u66fe\u4e3a\u76ca\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u8700\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce[36]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u56fd\u4e24\u664b\u5357\u5317\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u53f2\u8457\u591a\u6709\u76db\u540d\u3002\u6765\u654f<\/a>\u3001\u8c2f\u5468<\/a>\u3001\u9648\u5bff<\/a>\u3001\u5e38\u5bbd<\/a>\u3001\u5e38\u74a9<\/a>\u3001\u674e\u81ba<\/a>\u7b49\u8457\u8ff0\u9887\u4e30\uff0c\u4f20\u4e16\u7684\u5219\u6709\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u5fd7<\/a>\u300b\u548c\u300a\u534e\u9633\u56fd\u5fd7<\/a>\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u53d1\u5c55[37]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u968b\u5510\u4e94\u4ee3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-10\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u968b<\/a>\u5f00\u7687\u5143\u5e74\uff08581\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u4e3a\u968b\u6240\u8f96\uff1b\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u8d1e\u89c2<\/a>\u5143\u5e74\uff08627\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u76ca\u5dde\u4e3a\u5251\u5357\u9053\uff0c\u6cbb\u6240\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u3002\u968b\u5510\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5341\u5206\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u56fd\u56db\u5927\u540d\u57ce\uff08\u957f\u5b89<\/a>\u3001\u6c5f\u90fd<\/a>\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u3001\u6566\u714c<\/a>\uff09\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u957f\u5b89\u548c\u6d1b\u9633\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u5510\u65f6\u6709\u201c\u626c\u4e00\u76ca\u4e8c\u201d\uff08\u626c\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff09\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u968b\u5510\u65f6\u671f\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u9020\u7eb8\u548c\u96d5\u7248\u5370\u5237\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u66fe\u89c4\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u4e66\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u6210\u90fd\u9020\u7684\u9ebb\u7eb8\u6765\u6284\u5199\u3002\u201c\u8700\u7ee3<\/a>\u201d\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u4e09\u5927\u540d\u7ee3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u201c\u8700\u9526<\/a>\u201d\u66f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8d21\u73cd\u54c1\uff0c\u4ea7\u91cf\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u6210\u90fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e91\u96c6\uff0c\u5927\u8bd7\u4eba\u674e\u767d<\/a>\u3001\u675c\u752b<\/a>\u3001\u738b\u52c3<\/a>\u3001\u5362\u7167\u90bb<\/a>\u3001\u9ad8\u9002<\/a>\u3001\u5c91\u53c2<\/a>\u3001\u859b\u6d9b<\/a>\u3001\u674e\u5546\u9690<\/a>\u7b49\u90fd\u66fe\u65c5\u5c45\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u5510\u5929\u5b9d\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff08756\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5510\u7384\u5b97<\/a>\u4e3a\u907f\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71<\/a>\u9003\u81f3\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u6539\u76ca\u5dde\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c<\/a>\uff0c\u540e\u518d\u5347\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u4e3a\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u4eac<\/a>\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e4b\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5510\u6587\u5b97\u5927\u548c\u56db\u5e74\uff08830\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u8bcf<\/a>\u503e\u56fd\u4e4b\u519b\u529b\u653b\u5165\u6210\u90fd\u5916\u57ce\uff0c\u63b3\u63a0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u5320\u53bb\uff0c\u540e\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5510\u50d6\u5b97\u5e7f\u660e\u5143\u5e74\uff08880\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5510\u50d6\u5b97<\/a>\u4e3a\u907f\u9ec4\u5de2\u4e4b\u4e71<\/a>\u519b\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u9003\u81f3\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u505c\u7559\u56db\u5e74[38]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5510\u592a\u5b97<\/a>\u8d1e\u89c2<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u57ce\u5317\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u5efa\u5143\u5bfa\uff0c\u5510\u5ba3\u5b97<\/a>\u5927\u4e2d<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u662d\u89c9\u5bfa<\/a>\uff0c\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u4ecd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5ddd\u897f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7985\u6797\u201d[39]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city’s present Caotang (“Grass Hall”) was constructed in 1078 in honor of an earlier, more humble structure of that name erected by Du Fu in 760, the second year of his 4-year stay. The Taoist<\/a> Qingyang Gong (“Green Goat Temple”) was built in the 9th century.[47]<\/a>[48]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u5e02\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8349\u5802\u5efa\u4e8e1078\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u675c\u752b\u5728760\u5e74\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u540c\u540d\u4f46\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u964b\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u56db\u5e74\u5c45\u7559\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3002\u9053\u89c2\u9752\u7f8a\u5bab\u5efa\u4e8e9\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540e\u6881<\/a>\u5f00\u5e73\u5143\u5e74\uff08907\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8700\u738b\u738b\u5efa<\/a>\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5b9a\u90fd\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u8700\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u524d\u8700<\/a>\u3002\u524d\u8700\u521d\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5efa\u52b1\u7cbe\u56fe\u6cbb\uff0c\u5f00\u62d3\u7586\u571f\uff0c\u5174\u4fee\u6c34\u5229\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u519c\u6851\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f11\u606f\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u6c83\u5730\u5343\u91cc\u3001\u4e30\u9976\u4e94\u8c37\u7684\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\uff0c\u524d\u8700\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u540e\u5510<\/a>\u540c\u5149\u4e09\u5e74\uff08925\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8700\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u540e\u5510\u653b\u706d\u3002\u540e\u5510\u5e94\u987a\u5143\u5e74\uff08934\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u897f\u5ddd\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5b5f\u77e5\u7965<\/a>\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5efa\u90fd\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5272\u636e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u4ea6\u4e3a\u8700\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u540e\u8700<\/a>\u3002\u5b5f\u77e5\u7965\u4e4b\u5b50\u5b5f\u6636<\/a>\u9887\u80fd\u52b1\u7cbe\u56fe\u6cbb\uff0c\u5883\u5185\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5899\u4e0a\u904d\u79cd\u8299\u84c9\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7531\u6b64\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u8299\u84c9\u57ce\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u84c9\u57ce\u201d\u6216\u201c\u84c9\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7b80\u79f0\u3002\u540e\u8700\u7684\u201c\u7ff0\u6797\u56fe\u753b\u9662\u201d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u753b\u9662\u3002\u5317\u5b8b<\/a>\u4e7e\u5fb7\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08964\u5e74\uff09\u5341\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u8d75\u5321\u80e4<\/a>\u53d1\u5175\u653b\u540e\u8700<\/a>\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u5b5f\u6636\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u540e\u8700\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5b8b\u519b\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u5939\u57ce\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bf1\u6740\u9547\u538b\u4e86\u540e\u8700\u768427000\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u524d\u540e\u8700\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u6ca1\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u4e2d\u539f\u7684\u6076\u6027\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u5730\u533a[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u5b8b\u5143\u660e\u6e05<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-11\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u5b8b<\/a>\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5ddd\u5ce1\u56db\u8def<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u8def<\/a>\u6cbb\u6240\u3002\u5317\u5b8b\u6df3\u5316<\/a>\u56db\u5e74\uff08993\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u738b\u5c0f\u6ce2<\/a>\u3001\u674e\u987a<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u9752\u57ce<\/a>\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u9042\u514b\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u8700<\/a>\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u5b8b\u519b\u653b\u9677\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u8d77\u4e49\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u88ab\u964d\u4e3a\u76ca\u5dde\u3002\u5b8b\u5fbd\u5b97<\/a>\u91cd\u548c\u5143\u5e74\uff081118\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u76ca\u5dde\u518d\u5347\u683c\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u3002\u5357\u5b8b<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5174\u65fa\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5b8b\u9ad8\u5b97<\/a>\u7ecd\u5174<\/a>\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081162\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u8def\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6709110\u4e07\u6237\uff0c\u5927\u6982549\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e07\u6237\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u54c1\u79cd\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6210\u90fd\u4e0a\u4ea4\u4e1d\u7ef8\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u4e0a\u4ea4\u603b\u6570\u768470%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u8d75\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u4e1c\u897f\u5357\u5317\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8695\u5e02\u3001\u836f\u5e02\u3001\u82b1\u5e02\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u5b8b\u771f\u5b97<\/a>\u5929\u79a7<\/a>\u4e94\u5e74\uff081021\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01\u201c\u4ea4\u5b50<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ec1\u5b97<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u5b98\u529e\u4ea4\u5b50\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u7531\u5b98\u5e9c\u516c\u5f00\u5370\u5237\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u201c\u4ea4\u5b50\u201d[27]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5341\u5206\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u82cf\u8f7c<\/a>\u3001\u82cf\u8f99<\/a>\u5144\u5f1f\u4e3a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u8700\u5b66<\/a>\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c[41]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b8b\u5143\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e2d\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u4e24\u6b21\u653b\u7834\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5927\u8086\u70e7\u6740\u540e\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u5bf9\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb[42]<\/a>[43]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5143\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u56db\u5ddd\u7b49\u5904\u884c\u4e2d\u4e66\u7701<\/a>\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allegedly the Mongols<\/a> called for the death of a million people in the city but the city’s population had less than 30,000 residents (not Chengdu prefecture). The aged males who had not fled were killed while in typical fashion, the women, children and artisans were enslaved and deported. During the Yuan dynasty<\/a>, most of Sichuan’s residents were deported to Hunan during the insurgency of the western ethnic tribes of western Sichuan. Marco Polo<\/a> visited Chengdu[24]<\/a>[51]<\/a><\/sup> and wrote about the Anshun Bridge<\/a> or an earlier version of it.[“Let us now speak of a great Bridge which crosses this River within the city. This bridge is of stone; it is seven paces in width and half a mile in length (the river being that much in width as I told you); and all along its length on either side there are columns of marble to bear the roof, for the bridge is roofed over from end to end with timber, and that all richly painted. And on this bridge there were houses in which a great deal of trade and industry is carried on. But these houses were all of wood merely, and they are put up in the morning and taken down in the evening. Also there stands upon the bridge the Great Kaan’s _Comercque_, that is to say, his custom-house, where his toll and tax were levied.”[25]<\/sup>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u8bf4\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u66fe\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8be5\u57ce\u6740\u6b7b\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u57ce\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523030,000\u4eba\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c\uff09\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u9003\u8d70\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u800c\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u5de5\u5320\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u5e76\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002\u5728\u5143\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u897f\u90e8\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u4e2d\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u5230\u6e56\u5357\u3002\u9a6c\u53ef\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57\u66fe\u5230\u8bbf\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u5b89\u987a\u6865\u6216\u5b83\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u3002[\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u4e00\u8bb2\u57ce\u5185\u6a2a\u8de8\u8fd9\u6761\u6cb3\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u6865\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6865\u662f\u77f3\u5934\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u5bbd\u4e03\u6b65\uff0c\u957f\u534a\u82f1\u91cc\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u6cb3\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff09\u3002\u6865\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\u6cbf\u5168\u957f\u90fd\u7ad6\u7acb\u7740\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6491\u6865\u9876\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u5ea7\u6865\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u90fd\u7528\u6728\u6750\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u5c4b\u9876\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u6f06\u5f97\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6865\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u6728\u5934\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0a\u642d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u5c31\u62c6\u6389\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6865\u4e0a\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u5927\u6c57\u7684\u2018Comercque\u2019\uff08\u5373\u4ed6\u7684\u6d77\u5173\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f81\u6536\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u548c\u7a0e\u6b3e\u3002\u201d[25]]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1363\u5e74\uff0c\u660e\u7389\u73cd\u7387\u519b\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u8bf8\u8def\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u660e\u590f<\/a>\uff0c\u90fd\u91cd\u5e86\u8def<\/a>\u3002\u660e<\/a>\u6d2a\u6b66\u56db\u5e74\uff081371\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u519b\u653b\u706d\u660e\u7389\u73cd<\/a>\u6240\u5efa\u5927\u590f<\/a>\u653f\u6743\u4e8e\u91cd\u5e86<\/a>\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u56db\u5ddd\u627f\u5ba3\u5e03\u653f\u4f7f\u53f8<\/a>\u3002\u660e\u592a\u7956<\/a>\u5c01\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u5b50\u6731\u693f<\/a>\u4e3a\u8700\u738b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5b50\u57ce\u88ab\u62c6\u6bc1\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u8700\u738b\u5e9c\u57ce\uff0c\u4eca\u4eba\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u7687\u57ce\u201d\u3002\u5929\u542f\u5143\u5e74\uff081621\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5962\u5d07\u660e\u8d81\u660e\u671d\u4e0e\u540e\u91d1<\/a>\u4f5c\u6218\u4e4b\u673a\u53cd\u660e\uff0c\u6740\u5de1\u629a\u5f90\u53ef\u6c42<\/a>[44]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u5962\u5b89\u4e4b\u4e71<\/a>\u3002\u5341\u6708\u8fdb\u56f4\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u8fbe102\u5929[45]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5d07\u796f\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081644\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5f20\u732e\u5fe0<\/a>\u7387\u519b\u653b\u5165\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u5927\u897f<\/a>\uff0c\u79f0\u6210\u90fd\u4e3a\u897f\u4eac\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5f20\u732e\u5fe0\u5728\u8700\u5730\u5c60\u8700<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u90fd\u4e5f\u88ab\u5c60\u57ce\u5e76\u906d\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u6d32<\/a>\u516b\u65d7<\/a>\u653b\u5165\u56db\u5ddd[46]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the fall of the Ming<\/a>, the rebel Zhang Xianzhong<\/a> established his Great Western Kingdom (Chinese<\/a>: \u5927\u897f<\/a>) with its capital at Chengdu; it lasted only from 1643 to 1646.[21]<\/a><\/sup> Zhang was said to have massacred a large number of people in Chengdu and throughout Sichuan. In any case, Chengdu was said to have become a virtual ghost town frequented by tigers[52]<\/a><\/sup> and the depopulation of Sichuan necessitated the resettlement of millions of people from other provinces during the Qing dynasty<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u660e\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u53db\u519b\u9996\u9886\u5f20\u732e\u5fe0\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u897f\u56fd\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u897f\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5b58\u7eed\u4e861643\u5e74\u81f31646\u5e74\u8fd9\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5e74\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u5f20\u732e\u5fe0\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u533a\u5c60\u6740\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u636e\u8bf4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u9b3c\u57ce\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u8001\u864e\u51fa\u6ca1\u3002\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u4efd\u8fc1\u79fb\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05<\/a>\u987a\u6cbb\u4e09\u5e74\uff081646\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5168\u57ce\u88ab\u5f20\u732e\u5fe0\u711a\u6bc1\u4e8e\u6218\u706b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5357\u660e\u519b\u4e0e\u6e05\u519b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u4e00\u5e26\u653b\u57ce\u7565\u5730\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65ad\u7edd\u4eba\u70df\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e09\u85e9\u4e4b\u4e71<\/a>\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u65f6\u56db\u5ddd\u5e03\u653f\u4f7f\u53f8\u7684\u6cbb\u6240\u66fe\u8fc1\u5f80\u4fdd\u5b81\u5e9c<\/a>\u9606\u4e2d<\/a>[47]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u987a\u6cbb\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081658\u5e74\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u6e56\u5e7f\u586b\u56db\u5ddd<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u6062\u590d\u751f\u673a\uff0c\u7701\u4f1a\u4e5f\u53c8\u8fc1\u56de\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u6e05\u6cbf\u660e\u5236\uff0c\u8bbe\u56db\u5ddd\u5e03\u653f\u4f7f\u53f8<\/a>\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u53e6\u7b80\u6d3e\u56db\u5ddd\u603b\u7763<\/a>\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u5c06\u519b<\/a>\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081863\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd<\/a>\u5c06\u9886\u7ffc\u738b\u77f3\u8fbe\u5f00<\/a>\u7387\u5175\u653b\u5165\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u5728\u653b\u6253\u6210\u90fd\u65f6\u906d\u5230\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6e05\u519b\u8bf1\u4fd8\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5185\u79d1\u7532\u5df7\u5c06\u5176\u51cc\u8fdf<\/a>\u5904\u6b7b[48]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5e74\uff081877\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u603b\u7763\u4e01\u5b9d\u796f<\/a>\u521b\u529e\u56db\u5ddd\u673a\u68b0\u5c40\uff0c\u662f\u6210\u90fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u30021895\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u4e94\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7206\u53d1\u201c\u6210\u90fd\u6559\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u6c11\u4f17\u56e0\u53d7\u8c23\u8a00\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u6d0b\u4eba\u591a\u6709\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u711a\u6bc1\u5916\u56fd\u6559\u5802\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662[49]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 \u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-12\u81f32-14\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\u5e74\uff096\u6708\uff0c\u4fdd\u8def\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u56db\u5ddd\u603b\u7763\u8d75\u5c14\u4e30<\/a>\u9547\u538b\u6c11\u4f17\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201c\u6210\u90fd\u8840\u6848\u201d\u5f15\u53d1\u6c11\u4f17\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u7684\u603b\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u63a8\u7ffb\u6ee1\u6e05\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u540c\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u515a\u4eba\u84b2\u6bbf\u4fca<\/a>\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u56db\u5ddd\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u6c49\u56db\u5ddd\u519b\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u90fd\u7763<\/a>[50]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\u5e74\uff093\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4e4b\u5927\u6c49\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u91cd\u5e86\u4e4b\u8700\u519b\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u519b\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5c39\u660c\u8861<\/a>\u4efb\u90fd\u7763\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5e74\uff081914\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u901a\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u897f\u5ddd\u9053<\/a>\uff0c\u9886\u6210\u90fd\u3001\u534e\u9633<\/a>\u7b4931\u53bf\uff1b\u540e\u5e9f\u9053\u590d\u7701\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4ecd\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u4f1a\u30021919\u5e74\uff0c\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u5230\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u6210\u90fd\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u9ad8\u6f6e\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u3001\u534e\u9633\u4e24\u53bf\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u5e02\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5e02\u653f\u7b79\u5907\u5904\u30021922\u5e74\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u7b79\u5907\u5904\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5e02\u653f\u516c\u6240\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u534e\u897f\u534f\u5408\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u8bbe\u7acb[51]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6539\u5e02\u653f\u516c\u6240\u4e3a\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9042\u7f6e\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e3a\u7701\u8f96\u5e02\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u7701\u4f1a[52]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5ddd\u519b\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\u5e74\uff09\u81f3\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\u5e74\uff09\u95f4\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u519b\u9600\u4e89\u593a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5ddd\u519b<\/a>\u519b\u9600\u5218\u6e58<\/a>\u5728\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3<\/a>\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5218\u6587\u8f89<\/a>\u7206\u53d1\u4e89\u593a\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5218\u6587\u8f89\u7531\u6210\u90fd\u8d25\u8d70\u897f\u5eb7<\/a>\u96c5\u5b89<\/a>\uff0c\u5218\u6e58\u4efb\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u6d3e\u30021935\u5e74\u81f31937\u5e74\uff0c\u5218\u6e58\u53c8\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e89\u593a\u56db\u5ddd\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u848b\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u80dc[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During World War II<\/a>, the capital city of China was forced to move inland from Nanjing<\/a> to Wuhan<\/a> in 1937 and from Wuhan to Chengdu, then from Chengdu to Chongqing<\/a> in 1938, as the Kuomintang<\/a> (KMT) government under Generalissimo<\/em> Chiang Kai-shek<\/a> ultimately retreated to Sichuan<\/a> to escape from the invading Japanese forces. They brought with them into Sichuan business people, workers, and academics who founded many of the industries and cultural institutions which continue to make Chengdu an important cultural and commercial production center.[43]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u4ece\u5357\u4eac\u5411\u5185\u9646\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c1937\u5e74\u5148\u8fc1\u81f3\u6b66\u6c49\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ece\u6b66\u6c49\u8fc1\u81f3\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u53c8\u4e8e1938\u5e74\u4ece\u6210\u90fd\u8fc1\u81f3\u91cd\u5e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff08KMT\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u7ec8\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8eb2\u907f\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u56db\u5ddd\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chengdu became a military center for the KMT to regroup in the War of Resistance<\/a>. Chengdu was beyond the reach of the Imperial Japanese ground forces and escort fighter planes. However, the Japanese frequently flew in the then-highly advanced twin-engine long-ranged G3M “Nell”<\/a> medium bombers<\/a> to conduct massive aerial bombardments<\/a> of both civilian and military targets in Chongqing and Chengdu<\/a>.[55]<\/a><\/sup> The massed formation of the G3M bombers provided heavy firepower against Chinese fighter planes<\/a> assigned to the defense of Chongqing and Chengdu, which continued to cause problems for the Japanese attacks.[56]<\/a>[57]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u96c6\u7ed3\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5730\u9762\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u62a4\u822a\u6218\u6597\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6d3e\u9063\u5f53\u65f6\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u64ce\u8fdc\u7a0bG3M\u201c\u5357\u201d\u578b\u4e2d\u578b\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u5bf9\u91cd\u5e86\u548c\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u6c11\u7528\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u88ad\u3002G3M\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f16\u961f\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8d23\u91cd\u5e86\u548c\u6210\u90fd\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u6597\u673a\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u706b\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u884c\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slow and vulnerable obsolescent Chinese fighter aircraft burning low-grade fuel were still sufficiently dangerous in the hands of capable pilots against the Japanese schnellbomber<\/a><\/em>–terror bombing<\/a> raiders;[58]<\/a><\/sup> on 4 November 1939 for instance, Capt. Cen Zeliu<\/a> (Wade-Giles<\/a>: Shen Tse-Liu<\/em>) led his 17th Fighter Squadron, 5th Fighter Group<\/a> of seven cannon-equipped Dewoitine D.510<\/a> fighters in a level head-on attack against an incoming coming raid of 72 IJANF<\/a> G3M<\/a> bombers (Capt. Cen chose this tactic knowing that the operation of the Hispano-Suiza HS.404 20mm autocannon<\/a> in his D.510 is likely to fail under the g-loads<\/a> of a high-deflection diving attack), with Capt. Cen pummeling the lead G3M of the IJN’s 13th K\u014dk\u016btai’s<\/a> CO<\/em> Captain Kikushi Okuda with cannon fire, sending the G3M crashing down in flames over Chengdu, along with three other G3M bombers destroyed in the Chengdu raid that day.[59]<\/a><\/sup> With the death of Captain Okuda in the air battle over Chengdu, the IJN<\/a> Kaigun-daisa<\/a><\/em> (\u6d77\u8ecd\u5927\u4f50) became the highest-ranking IJN Air officer to be killed-in-action<\/a><\/em> in the War of Resistance\/World War II<\/em> thus far.[60]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u5316\u7684\u6218\u6597\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u71c3\u6cb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5458\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u8005\u6784\u6210\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1939\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5c91\u6cfd\u938f\u4e0a\u5c09\uff08\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\uff1aShen Tse-Liu\uff09\u7387\u9886\u4ed6\u88c5\u5907\u67097\u95e8\u706b\u70ae\u7684\u7b2c5\u6218\u6597\u673a\u5927\u961f\u7b2c17\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4e2d\u961f\u76847\u67b6\u5fb7\u74e6\u8482\u7eb3D.510\u6218\u6597\u673a\uff0c\u5bf972\u67b6\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u961fG3M\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7684\u6765\u88ad\u7f16\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6c34\u5e73\u6b63\u9762\u653b\u51fb\uff08\u5c91\u6cfd\u938f\u4e0a\u5c09\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6218\u672f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6D.510\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4e2d\u7684 Hispano-Suiza HS.404 20\u6beb\u7c73\u81ea\u52a8\u70ae\u5728\u9ad8\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u4fef\u51b2\u653b\u51fb\u4e0b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff09\u3002\u5c91\u6cfd\u938f\u4e0a\u5c09\u7528\u70ae\u706b\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u51fb\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u7b2c13\u822a\u7a7a\u961f\u961f\u957f\u83ca\u6c60\u5174\u592a\u90ce\u4e0a\u5c09\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u9886\u5934G3M\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4e0a\u7a7a\u8d77\u706b\u5760\u6bc1\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u7684\u6210\u90fd\u7a7a\u88ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u59163\u67b6G3M\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u88ab\u51fb\u843d\u3002\u83ca\u6c60\u5174\u592a\u90ce\u4e0a\u5c09\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u7a7a\u6218\u4e2d\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u88ab\u51fb\u6bd9\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u90e8\u961f\u4e2d\u519b\u8854\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In mid-late 1940, unknown to the Americans and European allies, the Imperial Japanese appeared in the skies over Chongqing and Chengdu with the world’s most advanced fighter plane at the time: the A6M “Zero” fighter<\/a> that dominated the skies over China against the increasingly obsolete Russian-made Polikarpov I-15\/I-153s<\/a> and I-16s<\/a> that were the principal fighter planes of the Chinese Nationalist Air Force.[61]<\/a><\/sup> This would later prove to be a rude awakening<\/a> for the Allied forces<\/a> in the Pacific War following the attack on Pearl Harbor<\/a>.[62]<\/a><\/sup> One of the first American ace fighter pilots of the war and original volunteer fighter pilot for the Chinese Nationalist Air Force, Major Huang Xinrui<\/a> (nicknamed “Buffalo” by his comrades) died as a result of battling the Zero fighters along with his squadronmates Cen Zeliu and Lin Heng (younger brother of renowned architect Lin Huiyin<\/a>) defending Chengdu<\/a> on 14 March 1941.[63]<\/a>[64]<\/a>[61]<\/a>[65]<\/a><\/sup>
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Following the attack on Pearl Harbor<\/a> at the end of 1941, the United States began setting up stations at airbases in China. In 1944, the American XX Bomber Command<\/a> launched Operation Matterhorn<\/a>, an ambitious plan to base B-29 Superfortresses<\/a> in Chengdu and strategically bomb the Japanese Home Islands<\/a>.[66]<\/a><\/sup> The operating base was located in Xinjin Airport<\/a> in the southwestern part of the Chengdu metropolitan area.[67]<\/a>[68]<\/a><\/sup> Because the operation required a massive airlift of fuel and supplies over the Himalayas, it was not a significant military success, but it did earn Chengdu the distinction of launching the first serious retaliation against the Japanese homeland.[69]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281941\u5e74\u5e95\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u7ad9\u70b9\u30021944\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u822a\u7a7a\u961f\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u201c\u9a6c\u7279\u970d\u6069\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c06B-29\u8d85\u7ea7\u5821\u5792\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u8f70\u70b8\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u57fa\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u65b0\u6d25\u673a\u573a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u8109\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u7a7a\u8fd0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5e76\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u53d1\u8d77\u9996\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u53cd\u51fb\u7684\u6b8a\u8363\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u6cbf\u6c5f\u5404\u7c7b\u5de5\u77ff\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56e2\u4f53\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5185\u8fc1\u81f3\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u4e2d\u592e\u9646\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u5b66\u6821<\/a>\uff08\u9ec4\u57d4\u519b\u6821<\/a>\uff09\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u8fc1\u81f3\u6210\u90fd\u5317\u8f83\u573a<\/a>\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8d25\u9000\u51fa\u5927\u9646\u524d\u6ca1\u518d\u53d8\u66f4\u6821\u5740\u957f\u8fbe11\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u6821\u5728\u5927\u9646\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u5458\u6700\u591a\u3001\u6821\u5740\u672a\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u5357\u4eac\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u91d1\u9675\u5973\u5b50\u6587\u7406\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u9f50\u9c81\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u4e8e1938\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5206\u522b\u8fc1\u5230\u6210\u90fd\u534e\u897f\u575d\uff0c\u534e\u897f\u575d\u540e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u4e4b\u201c\u5929\u5802\u201d\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u4e5f\u4e8e\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u8fc1\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u6b63\u5e9c\u8857\u529e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5149\u534e\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u8fc1\u4e8e\u8fe4\u897f\u5149\u534e\u6751\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u897f\u5357\u8d22\u7ecf\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u524d\u8eab[54]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021944\u5e746\u670815\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u8f70\u70b8\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u98de\u673a\u4ece\u6210\u90fd\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u591a\u4e2a\u673a\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u51fa\u51fb900\u591a\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4f5c\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc1\u53f0<\/a>\u524d\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730[55]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021949\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56fd\u5171\u5185\u6218<\/a>\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u5c06\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u4ece\u5357\u4eac<\/a>\u8fc1\u5f80\u5e7f\u5dde<\/a>\u3001\u91cd\u5e86<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u8fc1\u81f3\u6210\u90fd[56]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6 \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-15\u548c2-16\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

During the Chinese Civil War<\/a>, Chengdu was the last city on the Chinese mainland<\/a> to be held by the Kuomintang. President Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-kuo<\/a> directed the defense of the city from the Chengdu Central Military Academy (\u9ec4\u57d4\u519b\u6821\u6210\u90fd\u5206\u6821) until 1949, when Communist<\/a> forces took the city on 27 December<\/a>. The People’s Liberation Army<\/a> took the city without any resistance after a deal was negotiated between the People’s Liberation Army and the commander of the KMT Army guarding the city. On 10 December the remnants of the Nationalist Chinese government evacuated<\/a> to Taiwan<\/a>.[70]<\/a>[71]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u56fd\u5171\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u603b\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u4ece\u6210\u90fd\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5b98\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u9ec4\u57d4\u519b\u6821\u6210\u90fd\u5206\u6821\uff09\u6307\u6325\u8be5\u57ce\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u76f4\u52301949\u5e7412\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u519b\u961f\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4e0e\u5b88\u536b\u8be5\u57ce\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u672a\u7ecf\u4efb\u4f55\u62b5\u6297\u4fbf\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u8be5\u57ce\u300212\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6b8b\u4f59\u52bf\u529b\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e7412\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b<\/a>\u8fdb\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u539f\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e1c\u3001\u5357\u3001\u897f\u3001\u5317\u56db\u4e2a\u884c\u7f72\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5ddd\u897f\u884c\u7f72\u533a<\/a>\u7684\u9a7b\u5730[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u4e2d\u592e\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u64a4\u9500\u5404\u884c\u7f72\u3001\u6062\u590d\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u5efa\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u7701\u4f1a\uff0c\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u533a\u673a\u6784\u5982\u6210\u90fd\u519b\u533a<\/a>\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u94c1\u8def\u5c40<\/a>\u7b49\u4e5f\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u4e94\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u91cd\u70b9\u5efa\u8bbe\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u63f4\u5efa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684156\u9879\u91cd\u70b9\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u5360\u4e869\u9879\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67094\u9879\u5728\u6210\u90fd[58]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u4e09\u6240\u9ad8\u6821\u7535\u5b50\u7cfb\u5185\u8fc1\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u6210\u90fd\u7535\u8baf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u4eca\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\uff09\u30021959\u5e749\u6708\u81f3\u6587\u9769<\/a>\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u897f\u5357\u5c40<\/a>\u9a7b\u5730\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e2e\u6d3e\u6b66\u6597<\/a>\u9891\u7e41\u3001\u52a8\u4e71\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6b66\u6597\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u632b\u6298\u30021967\u5e745\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u8425132\u5382<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u9707\u60ca\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b66\u6597\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u65f6\u79f0\u201c\u4e94\u516d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u5382\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u804c\u5de5\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f53\u573a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u5341\u5e74\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u5168\u9762\u94fa\u5f00\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u30021964\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe<\/a>\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u897f\u5357\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u529e\u516c\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u3002\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5e26\u52a8\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u5404\u9879\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u6279\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5185\u8fc1\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b[59]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7279\u5927\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4ee5\u5176\u897f\u5357\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u76841984\u5e74\u88ab\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u5f00\u59cb\u6269\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u70b9\u3001\u653e\u6743\u53d1\u5c55\u53bf\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021981\u5e74\u56db\u5ddd\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34<\/a>\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u53d7\u707e\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b89\u987a\u6865\u5728\u6d2a\u707e\u4e2d\u88ab\u51b2\u6bc1\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u5760\u843d[60]<\/a>[61]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021989\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662<\/a>\u6279\u51c6\u6210\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u5355\u5217\u5e02<\/a>[62]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021993\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7efc\u5408\u914d\u5957\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236[63]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed615\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u526f\u7701\u7ea7\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>[64]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022007\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e0e\u91cd\u5e86\u5e02\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u6279\u8bbe\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u7efc\u5408\u914d\u5957\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u9a8c\u533a<\/a>[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022008\u5e74\u7684\u6c76\u5ddd\u5927\u5730\u9707<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u90e8\u5206\u5e02\u53bf\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u5168\u5e02\u51714388\u4eba\u9047\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830\u5e02<\/a>\u548c\u5f6d\u5dde\u5e02<\/a>[66]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u660e\u529e\u6388\u4e88\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\u201d\u79f0\u53f7\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u57df\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u56db\u5ddd\u5929\u5e9c\u65b0\u533a<\/a>\u89c4\u5212\u83b7\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u6279\u590d[67]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u590d\u5929\u5e9c\u65b0\u533a<\/a>\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u65b0\u533a\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5929\u5e9c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a>\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a8\u5de5\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u673a\u573a\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7b80\u9633\u5e02<\/a>\u7531\u8d44\u9633\u5e02\u4ee3\u7ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4ee3\u7ba1[68]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022019\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c31\u5c4a\u590f\u5b63\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a<\/a>\u4e3b\u529e\u6743\u5e76\u57282023\u5e74\u987a\u5229\u4e3e\u529e[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022020\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u65b0\u533a\u83b7\u6279\u6210\u7acb[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Chengdu Tianfu New Area<\/a> is a sustainable planned city that will be outside of Central Chengdu. The city is also planned to be self-sustaining, with every residence being a two-minute walk from a park.[72]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u5929\u5e9c\u65b0\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u88ab\u89c4\u5212\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5904\u4f4f\u5b85\u8ddd\u79bb\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u6b65\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e24\u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, Chengdu overtook Shenzhen<\/a>, China’s technology hub, as the best-performing Chinese economy.[73]<\/a><\/sup> The city has surged in population in the last two decades.[74]<\/a><\/sup> Investments into a Europe-Chengdu Express Railway have been made, providing even more opportunity for the city to grow.[73]<\/a><\/sup> As a way to preserve farmland and accommodate the growing population of Chengdu, China is building a hyper-dense satellite city centered around a central mass-transit hub called the Great City where any destination within the city is within a 15-minute walk.[75]<\/a>[76]<\/a><\/sup> This proto-type city is intended to provide affordable, high-quality lifestyle, which provides people-oriented spaces that does not require a car<\/a> to navigate.[76]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112019\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6df1\u5733\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u3002[73] \u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6025\u5267\u589e\u957f\u3002[74] \u6210\u90fd\u8fd8\u6295\u8d44\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u84c9\u6b27\u5feb\u94c1\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002[73] \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u8015\u5730\u5e76\u5bb9\u7eb3\u6210\u90fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e2d\u592e\u4ea4\u901a\u67a2\u7ebd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8d85\u5bc6\u96c6\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u5e02\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5927\u57ce\u201d\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u90fd\u5728\u6b65\u884c15\u5206\u949f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002[75][76] \u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u60e0\u3001\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u6c7d\u8f66\u51fa\u884c\u3002[76]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their current urban-planning focus in the city of Chengdu is to make the city ‘a city within a park’ rather than creating parks within a city.[74]<\/a><\/sup> The Great City falls in line with the Chengdu ‘park city’ initiative, prioritizing the environment, public space and quality of life. It will consist of 15% park and green space and be situated on a 1.3 km2<\/sup> (0.50 sq mi) area.[76]<\/a><\/sup> Although 25% of the space will be dedicated to roads, one half of the roads will be pedestrian-oriented<\/a>. This transit system provides direct transport to Chengdu itself.[75]<\/a><\/sup> It is expected that the city will consume 48% less energy than cities of similar size.[76]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u6253\u9020\u6210\u201c\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5efa\u9020\u516c\u56ed\u3002[74] \u201c\u5927\u57ce\u201d\u7b26\u5408\u6210\u90fd\u7684\u201c\u516c\u56ed\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u73af\u5883\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5305\u542b15%\u7684\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u7eff\u5730\uff0c\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a1.3\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff080.5\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002[76] \u867d\u7136\u670925%\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u884c\u4eba\u3002\u8be5\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6210\u90fd\u4e3b\u57ce\u533a\u3002[75] \u636e\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u6bd4\u540c\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c11\u6d88\u801748%\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u3002[76]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goal of the ‘park city’ project is to allow a city like Chengdu to compete with Beijing<\/a> and Shanghai<\/a> without stripping the city of its character.[74]<\/a><\/sup> The city of Chengdu is already known for its focus on quality of life, which includes affordable housing, good public schools, trees and bike lanes.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u516c\u56ed\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u50cf\u6210\u90fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u8272\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7ade\u4e89\u3002[74] \u6210\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5176\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9002\u7528\u623f\u3001\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7eff\u6811\u6210\u836b\u7684\u8857\u9053\u548c\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u9053\u3002[\u9700\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u6e90]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u5730\u7406 | Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730<\/a>\u897f\u90e8\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f<\/a>\u8179\u5730\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e1c\u7ecf<\/a>102\u00b054\uff07\uff0d104\u00b053\uff07\u3001\u5317\u7eac<\/a>30\u00b005\uff07\uff0d31\u00b026\uff07\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5168\u5e02\u4e1c\u897f\u957f192\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u5bbd166\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u603b\u9762\u79ef14,335\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u9633\u5e02<\/a>\u3001\u7709\u5c71\u5e02<\/a>\u3001\u96c5\u5b89\u5e02<\/a>\u3001\u8d44\u9633\u5e02<\/a>\u548c\u963f\u575d\u85cf\u65cf\u7f8c\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde<\/a>\u63a5\u58e4[71]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u5730\u5f62<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-1\u548c2-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The vast plain on which Chengdu is located has an elevation ranging from 450 to 720 meters (1,480 to 2,360 feet).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u5e73\u539f\u6d77\u62d4\u5728450\u7c73\u5230720\u7c73\uff081480\u82f1\u5c3a\u52302360\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northwest Chengdu is bordered by the high and steep Longmen Mountains<\/a> in the north-west and in the west by the Qionglai Mountains<\/a>, the elevation of which exceeds 3,000 m (9,800 ft) and includes Miao Jiling (5,364 m, 17,598 ft) and Xiling Snow Mountain (5,164 m, 16,942 ft). The western mountainous area is also home to a large primitive forest with abundant biological resources and a giant panda<\/a> habitat.[77]<\/a><\/sup> East of Chengdu stands the low Longquan Mountains<\/a> and the west bordering area of the hilly land of middle reaches of Min River<\/a>, an area noted by several converging rivers. Since ancient times, Chengdu has been known as “the Abundant Land” owing to its fertile soil, favorable climate, and novel Dujiangyan Irrigation System.[78]<\/a>[79]<\/a>[80]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6210\u90fd\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u5317\u9760\u897f\u5317\u7684\u9f99\u95e8\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u897f\u63a5\u909b\u5d03\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u6d77\u62d4\u8d85\u8fc73000\u7c73\uff089800\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u82d7\u51e0\u5cad\uff085364\u7c73\uff0c17598\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u548c\u897f\u5cad\u96ea\u5c71\uff085164\u7c73\uff0c16942\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u3002\u897f\u90e8\u5c71\u533a\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u7247\u539f\u59cb\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u718a\u732b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6816\u606f\u5730\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u662f\u4f4e\u77ee\u7684\u9f99\u6cc9\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u4e1c\u662f\u5cb7\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u7684\u4e18\u9675\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u51e0\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6c47\u805a\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u56e0\u5176\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u3001\u5b9c\u4eba\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u4ee5\u53ca\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u5e9c\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u897f\u90e8\u4e3a\u909b\u5d03\u5c71\u8109<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u6a2a\u65ad\u5c71\u8109\u6700\u4e1c\u7f18\u7684\u5c71\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5317-\u897f\u5357\u8d70\u5411\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5f6d\u5dde<\/a>\u3001\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830\u5e02<\/a>\u3001\u5927\u9091\u53bf<\/a>\u3001\u5d07\u5dde\u5e02<\/a>\u548c\u909b\u5d03\u5e02<\/a>\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c71\u5cf0\u6d77\u62d4\u57284000\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6d77\u62d4\u843d\u5dee\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5730\u8c8c\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7eee\u4e3d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2[73]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5e73\u539f\u9762\u79ef\u536040.1%\uff0c\u4e18\u9675\u9762\u79ef\u536027.6%\uff0c\u5c71\u533a\u9762\u79ef32.3%\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u539f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5883\u5185\u6d77\u62d4\u6700\u9ad8\u5904\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u9091\u53bf<\/a>\u5883\u5185\u897f\u5cad\u96ea\u5c71<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u96ea\u5858<\/a>\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u82d7\u57fa\u5cad\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u62d45364\u7c73\uff1b\u6d77\u62d4\u6700\u4f4e\u5904\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b80\u9633\u5e02<\/a>\u6cb1\u6c5f\u51fa\u5883\u5904\u7684\u6cb3\u5cb8\uff0c\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a359\u7c73[71]<\/a>[74]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u5730\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5357\u5317\u5730\u9707\u5e26<\/a>\u4e2d\u6bb5\uff0c\u5883\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u9f99\u95e8\u5c71\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26\u3001\u9f99\u6cc9\u5c71\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26\u3001\u84b2\u6c5f-\u65b0\u6d25-\u6210\u90fd-\u5fb7\u9633\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26\u548c\u909b\u5d03-\u5927\u9091-\u90eb\u53bf\u7af9\u74e6-\u5f6d\u5dde\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u84b2\u6c5f-\u65b0\u6d25-\u6210\u90fd-\u5fb7\u9633\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u57ce\u533a\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u88ab\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u5730\u9707\u91cd\u70b9\u76d1\u89c6\u9632\u5fa1\u533a\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u636e\u591a\u5e74\u8d44\u6599\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u5883\u5185\u5730\u9707\u6bd4\u8f83\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u59821967\u5e741\u670814\u6210\u90fd\u53cc\u6d41\u3001\u4ec1\u5bff\u95f4\u76845.5\u7ea7\u5730\u9707\uff0c1970\u5e742\u670824\u65e5\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5927\u9091\u53bf<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u76846.2\u7ea7\u5730\u9707\u4e3a\u6210\u90fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7ea7\u522b\u5730\u9707\uff0c2020\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u9752\u767d\u6c5f\u533a<\/a>\u76845.1\u7ea7\u5730\u9707[75]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e3a\u79bb\u5e02\u533a\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5730\u9707\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u90bb\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u9707\uff08\u59822008\u5e74\u6c76\u5ddd\u5927\u5730\u9707<\/a>\u9707\u4e2d\u79bb\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u4e0d\u5230100\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u4e5f\u66fe\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd[76]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 \u6c34\u6587<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u6cb3\u7cfb\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6cb3\u7f51\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u53d7\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u3002\u65e9\u57282000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8700\u90e1<\/a>\u592a\u5b88\u674e\u51b0<\/a>\u201c\u51b3\u7389\u5792\u5c71\u4ee5\u9664\u6c34\u5bb3\u201d\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830<\/a>\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u30022000\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5cb7\u6c5f\u3001\u6cb1\u6c5f\u5f62\u6210\u7eb7\u7e41\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e0e\u6e20\u7cfb\uff0c\u5168\u5e02\u6cb3\u7f51\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe1.22\u516c\u91cc\/\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u9996\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u73e0\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u540c\u5c5e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cb3\u7f51\u6700\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5168\u5e02\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u7ea6\u670940\u6761\uff0c\u603b\u957f\u5ea61,486\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6e54\u6c5f<\/a>\u3001\u897f\u6cb3\u53ca\u9526\u6c5f\u90fd\u5728100\u516c\u91cc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5730\u52bf\u897f\u5317\u9ad8\u4e1c\u5357\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u6cb3\u6d41\u5747\u7531\u897f\u5317\u5411\u4e1c\u5357\u6d41\u5165\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6247\u5f62\u6c34\u7cfb\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u5185\u6c34\u7cfb\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u4e3a\u5cb7\u6c5f\u6c34\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u5c5e\u6cb1\u6c5f\u6c34\u7cfb\u3002\u9526\u6c5f<\/a>\u3001\u5e9c\u6cb3\u3001\u6c99\u6cb3<\/a>\u4ece\u57ce\u533a\u7a7f\u6d41\u800c\u8fc7[77]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 \u6c14\u5019<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u6e7f\u6da6\u5b63\u98ce\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u6d77\u6d0b\u6027\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u5b9c\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u591c\u96e8\u65e5\u9633\uff0c\u590f\u51c9\u51ac\u6696\u6625\u79cb\u957f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u964d\u6c34\u5145\u6c9b\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u6e7f\u6da6\uff0c\u9664\u79cb\u3001\u51ac\u5b63\u5916\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5145\u8db3[78]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u572815.2\u2103\u81f316.6\u2103\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u79e6\u5cad<\/a>\u3001\u5927\u5df4\u5c71<\/a>\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5c4f\u969c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63\u6765\u81ea\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e0d\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u76c6\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6210\u90fd\u51ac\u5b63\u6e29\u6696\uff0c\u4e00\u6708\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u57285\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u971c<\/a>\u96ea<\/a>\u8f83\u4e3a\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u6210\u90fd\u4e03\u6708\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u4e3a25.2\u2103\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u4e4b\u540c\u7eac\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u4eac<\/a>\u3001\u676d\u5dde<\/a>\u3001\u91cd\u5e86<\/a>\u3001\u6b66\u6c49<\/a>\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u6781\u7aef\u9ad8\u6e29\u5929\u6c14[79]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.5 \u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-4\u81f32-6\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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4. \u653f\u6cbb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u73b0\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4.2 \u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212 | Administrative divisions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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