{"id":5646,"date":"2025-04-01T14:02:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T06:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5646"},"modified":"2025-04-01T14:09:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T06:09:09","slug":"ilyushin-il-12-zhenru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/04\/01\/ilyushin-il-12-zhenru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f0a\u5c14-12\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a \/ Ilyushin Il-12 \/ \u0418\u043b-12 &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u4fc4\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/1890394759111099375\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09| \u0421\u043c. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u3010\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_DC-3\">Douglas DC-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B8-2\">\u041b\u0438-2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convair_CV-240\">Convair CV-240<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vickers_VC.1_Viking\">Vickers VC.1 Viking<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saab_90_Scandia\">Saab 90 Scandia<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-14\">\u0418\u043b-14<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\">3. \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u4e0e\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160320110103\/http:\/\/www.planepictures.net\/netsearch4.cgi?srch=Ilyushin%20IL-12&amp;stype=actype&amp;srng=2\">Ilyushin Il-12<\/a>. Planepictures.net.\u00a0[4 May\u00a02013]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.planepictures.net\/netsearch4.cgi?stype=actype&amp;srng=2&amp;srch=Ilyushin%20IL-12\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2016-03-20\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/eng\/history\/dates.html\">&#8220;Dates of Maiden Flights by Aircraft Designed by &#8220;Ilyushin&#8221; Design Bureau.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110718094235\/http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/eng\/history\/dates.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\u00a0<em>Ilyushin Aviation Complex.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 13 November 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Gunston 1995, p. 110.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-Gordon_p160-1_4-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, pp. 160\u2013161.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jo\u0144ca, Adam (1985).\u00a0<em>Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945-1956<\/em>, WKi\u0141, Warsaw,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/83-206-0529-6\">83-206-0529-6<\/a>\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>, p.15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19470701-3\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19471201-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19471218-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19480901-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19480909-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481012-2\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481223-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481223-2\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490119-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490513-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490721-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490820-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490825-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490920-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530123-2\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530430-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530614-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.airforce-magazine.com\/MagazineArchive\/Documents\/KittyHawkChronology\/kitty1947-53.pdf\">&#8220;Up From Kitty Hawk 1947-1953.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em>airforce-magazine.com.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 17 July 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530727-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19531014-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19531027-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a 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href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19550304-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19550915-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19560426-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19560908-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-47\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19561124-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-48\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-ilyushin-ii-12b-eglisau-23-killed\">Crash of an Ilyushin II-12B in Eglisau: 23 killed<\/a>. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives.\u00a0[2019-12-04]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201124064149\/https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-ilyushin-ii-12b-eglisau-23-killed\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-11-24\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19570807-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19570930-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19571027-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19571218-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19580609-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19580919-1\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19590199-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19591129-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%91\">\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19600721-0\">\u4e8b\u6545\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-Stroud_sovp99_58-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Stroud 1968, p. 99.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-12%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F#cite_ref-Stroud_sovp100_59-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Stroud 1968, p. 100.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u7c4d\uff08\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergei Komissarov.\u00a0<em>OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft<\/em>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/1-85780-187-3\">1-85780-187-3<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gunston, Bill.\u00a0<em>The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 &#8211; 1995.<\/em>\u00a0London: Osprey Aerospace, 1995.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/1-85532-405-9\">1-85532-405-9<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stroud, John.\u00a0<em>Soviet Transport Aircraft since 1945<\/em>. London: Putnam, 1968.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-370-00126-5\">0-370-00126-5<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/a>\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Ilyushin_Il-12\"><strong>\u4f0a\u5c14-12\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">4. \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e | References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Notes\">4.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u4e0e\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09| Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160320110103\/http:\/\/www.planepictures.net\/netsearch4.cgi?srch=Ilyushin%20IL-12&amp;stype=actype&amp;srng=2\">&#8220;Ilyushin Il-12&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Planepictures.net<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.planepictures.net\/netsearch4.cgi?stype=actype&amp;srng=2&amp;srch=Ilyushin%20IL-12\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 20 March 2016. Retrieved\u00a04 May\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFStroud_Aeroplane_Monthly_September_1993\">Stroud\u00a0<em>Aeroplane Monthly<\/em>\u00a0September 1993<\/a>, p.\u00a059<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p155_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0155<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p1556_4-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0155\u2013156<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p1567_5-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0156\u2013157<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p157_6-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0157<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/eng\/history\/dates.html\">&#8220;Dates of Maiden Flights by Aircraft Designed by &#8220;Ilyushin&#8221; Design Bureau.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110718094235\/http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/eng\/history\/dates.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a018 July 2011 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0<em>Ilyushin Aviation Complex<\/em>. Retrieved: 13 November 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p1578_8-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0157\u2013158<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFStroud_Aeroplane_Monthly_September_1993\">Stroud\u00a0<em>Aeroplane Monthly<\/em>\u00a0September 1993<\/a>, p.\u00a060<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p158_10-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0158<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGunston1995\">Gunston 1995<\/a>, p.\u00a0110<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p1589_12-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0158\u2013159<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p160-1_13-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0160\u2013161<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p171_14-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0171<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19470701-3\">Accident description for CCCP-L1317<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19570919-1\">Hull-loss description for CCCP-L1332<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19471124-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1356<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19471201-0\">Accident description for CCCP-N439<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 10 November 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19471218-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1343<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19480902-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1465<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19480909-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1427<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481012-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L1450<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481223-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1731<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19481223-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L861<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 20 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490119-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1381<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490513-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1791<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490721-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1714<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-ilyushin-ii-12-near-marga-13-killed\">&#8220;Crash of an Ilyushin Il-12 near Marga: 13 killed&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>B3A Archives<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490820-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1434<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 10 November 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-30\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490825-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1844<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19490920-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1462<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 22 January 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19500719-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1340<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19500730-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L1803<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19500811-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1706<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-ilyushin-ii-12p-sverdlovsk-4-killed\">&#8220;Crash on an Ilyushin Il-12 in Sverdlovsk: 4 killed&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>B3A Archives<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19510109-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1811<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19510313-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1319<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 25 November 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19470329-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L1313<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 10 November 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19511114-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1360<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19511117-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1775<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19520221-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1849<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19520405-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1308<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19520425-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1312<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19520718-0\">Accident description for SP-LHC<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19520823-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1488<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19521005-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1328<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-47\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530123-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L1435<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-48\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530430-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1777<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530614-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1375<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.airforce-magazine.com\/MagazineArchive\/Documents\/KittyHawkChronology\/kitty1947-53.pdf\">&#8220;Up From Kitty Hawk 1947-1953.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em>airforce-magazine.com.<\/em>\u00a0Retrieved: 17 July 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19530727-0\">Criminal description<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19531014-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1727<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19531027-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1765<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19531104-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1367<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Drozdov, Sergey.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nnre.ru\/transport_i_aviacija\/aviacija_i_vremja_2009_02\/p4.php\">&#8220;\u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u041f\u0418\u0420\u0410\u0422\u042b \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u042b \u0421\u041e\u0412\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0412&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0[Air pirates of the Soviet countries].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19540927-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1365<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19541028-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1789<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19541205-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1320<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19550304-0\">Accident description for CCCP-N479<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19550702-0\">Accident description for CCCP-N480<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19550915-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1359<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19560426-0\">Accident description<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19560908-0\">Accident description for CCCP-N525<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19561124-0\">Accident description for OK-DBP<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19570807-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1828<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19571001-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L1389<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19571027-0\">Accident description for CCCP-N442<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19571218-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1309<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19580609-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1364<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19580919-1\">Accident description for CCCP-L3904<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-71\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19581215-2\">Accident description for CCCP-L1467<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19581224-0\">Accident description for CCCP-L1458<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19590109-0\">Accident description for CCCP-04249<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19591129-0\">Accident description for CCCP-01426<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19600107-1\">Accident description for CCCP-01438<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 26 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/database\/record.php?id=19600721-0\">Accident description for CCCP-01405<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_Safety_Network\">Aviation Safety Network<\/a>. Retrieved on 2016-01-25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p168_77-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0168<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0170<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jo\u0144ca, Adam (1985).\u00a0<em>Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945-1956<\/em>, WKi\u0141, Warsaw,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/83-206-0529-6\">83-206-0529-6<\/a>\u00a0(in Polish), p.15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p167_80-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, p.\u00a0167<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Gordon_p1690_81-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFGordonKomissarovKomissarov2004\">Gordon, Komissarov &amp; Komissarov 2004<\/a>, pp.\u00a0169\u2013170<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Stroud_sovp99_82-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFStroud1968\">Stroud 1968<\/a>, p.\u00a099<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Stroud_sovp100_83-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFStroud1968\">Stroud 1968<\/a>, p.\u00a0100<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#cite_ref-Stroud_sovp110_84-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-12#CITEREFStroud1968\">Stroud 1968<\/a>, p.\u00a0110<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bibliography\">4.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | Bibliography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry; Komissarov, Sergei (2004).\u00a0<em>OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft<\/em>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Publishing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-85780-187-3\"><bdi>1-85780-187-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Gunston\">Gunston, Bill<\/a>\u00a0(1995).\u00a0<em>The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 &#8211; 1995<\/em>. London: Osprey Aerospace.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-85532-405-9\"><bdi>1-85532-405-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stroud, John (1968).\u00a0<em>Soviet Transport Aircraft since 1945<\/em>. London: Putnam.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-370-00126-5\"><bdi>0-370-00126-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stroud, John (September 1993). &#8220;Post War Propliners: Ilyushin Il-12 and Il-14&#8221;.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeroplane_Monthly\">Aeroplane Monthly<\/a><\/em>. Vol.\u00a021, no.\u00a09. pp.\u00a058\u201363.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0143-7240\">0143-7240<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u4fc4\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\">5.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u4e0e\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09| \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-ilyushin.org_1-0\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/history\/dates.html\">\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u041e\u0410\u041e &#8220;\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438\u043c. \u0421.\u0412. \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430&#8221;. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130628024051\/http:\/\/www.ilyushin.org\/history\/dates.html\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/a>\u00a0\u043e\u0442 28 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2013 \u043d\u0430\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 116<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191\u00a0<em>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041a. \u0413., \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0420. \u0412.<\/em>\u00a0\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \/\/ \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.\u00a0\u2014 2000.\u00a0\u2014 \u2116\u00a05.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 16<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 97<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 98<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 115<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0\u0420\u0435\u0434. \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u042f., \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410. \u0418., \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0410. \u0412., \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0413. \u0412. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0423\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d.\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1978.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 79<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433-\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 3-\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)\">\u0412\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/a>\u00bb, \u2116 1 (2520), \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c 1984. \u0441\u0442\u0440.46-48<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<em>\u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u042e. \u0410.<\/em>\u00a0\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u044b \u041e\u041a\u0411 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430.\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0420\u0423\u0421\u0410\u0412\u0418\u0410, 2003.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 217<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 120<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014 \u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 117<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asn.flightsafety.org\/asndb\/type\/il12\">Ilyushin Il-12<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-13\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.airdisaster.ru\/database.php?id=952\">\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430 \u0418\u043b-12 1-\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0413\u0412\u0424 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0430\/\u043f \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a-\u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/a>. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 7 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121004054906\/http:\/\/airdisaster.ru\/database.php?id=952\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e<\/a>\u00a04 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.airforce-magazine.com\/MagazineArchive\/Documents\/KittyHawkChronology\/kitty1947-53.pdf\">The Search Engine that Does at InfoWeb.net<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BB-12#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2015\/11\/26\/rodina-rasstrel.html?ref=rt.com\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0425\u0443\u0430-\u0413\u043e\u0443<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151222085745\/http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2015\/11\/26\/rodina-rasstrel.html?ref=rt.com\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/a>\u00a0\u043e\u0442 22 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2015 \u043d\u0430\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, 25.11.2015\u00a0\u0433. \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044b\u00a0\u2014 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\">5.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><em>\u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u042e. \u0410.<\/em>\u00a0\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u044b \u041e\u041a\u0411 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.: \u0420\u0423\u0421\u0410\u0412\u0418\u0410, 2003.\u00a0\u2014 336 \u0441.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 208\u2014217, 298\u2014300.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/5900078205\">ISBN 5-900078-20-5<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0418\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u044b \u041e\u041a\u0411 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \/\u00a0<em>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0413. \u0412., \u041b\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0414. \u0412., \u0428\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0412. \u041c. \u0438 \u0434\u0440.; \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0413. \u0412.<\/em>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.: \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, 1990.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 175\u2014201.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/5217010568\">ISBN 5-217-01056-8<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0451\u0432 \u0410. \u041d.<\/em>\u00a0\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1988.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 349\u2014359<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0421\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e \u041d.<\/em>\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \/\/ \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440.\u00a0\u2014 2005.\u00a0\u2014 \u2116\u00a03.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 26-31<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0414.<\/em>\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u2026\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, 2008.\u00a0\u2014 464 \u0441.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/5901808134\">ISBN 5-901808-13-4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041a. \u0413., \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0420. \u0412.<\/em>\u00a0\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \/\/ \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.\u00a0\u2014 2000.\u00a0\u2014 \u2116\u00a05.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 4-17<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\">\u0428\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0432\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0411.<\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420\u00a0: 1938\u20141950 \u0433\u0433.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)\">\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>, 1988.\u00a0\u2014 568\u00a0\u0441.\u00a0\u2014\u00a020\u00a0000 \u044d\u043a\u0437.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/5217004770\">ISBN 5-217-00477-0<\/a>.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/9785217004775\">ISBN 978-5217004775<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u042f\u043a\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d. \u0412.<\/em>\u00a0\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u044b \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0445.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u041c.: \u042f\u0443\u0437\u0430: \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043c\u043e, 2009.\u00a0\u2014 480 \u0441.\u00a0\u2014 \u0421. 247\u2014269.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3\/9785699339211\">ISBN 978-5-699-33921-1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[57,84],"tags":[155,149,101],"class_list":["post-5646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cis","category-aircraft","tag-155","tag-149","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}