{"id":5679,"date":"2025-06-14T22:04:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-14T14:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=5679"},"modified":"2025-09-28T19:29:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T11:29:11","slug":"nigeria-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2025\/06\/14\/nigeria-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a \/ Nigeria &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/1917330750577051073\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5730\u7406\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/1917672128452461881\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/1955694630080339976\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u6587\u5316\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/1955709554735178678\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-ef3aa3781cfbe83f812f5d4bcd742f79\"><strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5411\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u539f\u7ad9\u7b49\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"See_also\">2. \u53c2\u89c1 | See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg\/60px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg\/120px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png\" alt=\"flag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Nigeria\">Nigeria portal<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3b\u9898<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Index_of_Nigeria-related_articles\">Index of Nigeria-related articles<\/a>\u3010\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u76f8\u5173\u6761\u76ee\u7d22\u5f15\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_Nigeria\">Outline of Nigeria<\/a>\u3010\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u6982\u51b5\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%A8%99%E5%BE%92\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u9a97\u5f92<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9\">\u77f3\u6cb9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87\">\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">3. \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e | References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u4e0e\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-nigeria.languages_1-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\/Languages\">&#8220;Languages of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/show_country.asp?name=ng\">&#8220;Languages of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnologue\">Ethnologue<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080915183101\/http:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/show_country.asp?name=NG\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved\u00a012 September\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Blench, Roger (2014).\u00a0<em>An Atlas Of Nigerian Languages<\/em>. Oxford: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(2025\u00a0ed.).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto_6-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto_6-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto_6-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto_6-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2025\/april\">&#8220;World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/download\/1092\">&#8220;Poverty and Inequality Index&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>National Bureau of Statistics<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413210925\/https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/download\/1092\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a08 June\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-HDI_8-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-24_HDR\/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx\">&#8220;Human Development Report 2023\/24&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Development_Programme\">United Nations Development Programme<\/a>. 13 March 2024.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240319085123\/https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-24_HDR\/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved\u00a022 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Akinbode, Ayomide (2 April 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210709192243\/https:\/\/www.thehistoryville.com\/nigeria-left-hand-drive-right-hand-drive\/\">&#8220;Why Nigeria changed from Right-Hand Drive to Left-Hand Drive in 1972&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>thehistoryville.com<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehistoryville.com\/nigeria-left-hand-drive-right-hand-drive\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 July 2021. Retrieved\u00a09 July\u00a02021.\u00a0<q>The terms &#8216;right- and left-hand drive&#8217; refer to the position of the driver in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms &#8216;right- and left-hand traffic&#8217;.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Africa:_Nigeria_10-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Africa: Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nigeriaembassygermany.org\/about-nigeria.htm\">&#8220;About Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>nigeriaembassygermany.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231015033706\/https:\/\/nigeriaembassygermany.org\/about-nigeria.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a08 September\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\/History\">&#8220;Nigeria \u2013 Colonialism, Independence, Civil War&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Britannica<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231002112646\/https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\/History\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a08 September\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Falola, Toyin; Heaton, Matthew M. (2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=gQ5YEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=info:QQoBnb_okD4J:scholar.google.com\/&amp;pg=PA136\"><em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History<\/em><\/a>. Oxford University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-005009-2\"><bdi>978-0-19-005009-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Achebe, Nwando.\u00a0<em>The female king of colonial Nigeria\u00a0: Ahebi Ugbabe<\/em>. Bloomington.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-253-00507-6\"><bdi>978-0-253-00507-6<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/707092916\">707092916<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/arts\/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05\">&#8220;Ethnicity in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. PBS. 5 April 2007.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171006235712\/http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved\u00a09 May\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/country\/NG\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Ethnologue<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210227084603\/https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/country\/NG\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a04 July\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Pereltsvaig, Asya (16 June 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.languagesoftheworld.info\/geolinguistics\/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html\">&#8220;Linguistic diversity in Africa and Europe \u2013 Languages Of The World&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120515155945\/http:\/\/www.languagesoftheworld.info\/geolinguistics\/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved\u00a04 July\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200923163518\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/attachments\/summaries\/NI-summary.pdf\">&#8220;Nigeria \u2013 CIA World Factbook 2019&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/attachments\/summaries\/NI-summary.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 23 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a025 May\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mann, Charles C. (1990).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED397681.pdf\">&#8220;Choosing an Indigenous Official Language for Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201202033702\/https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED397681.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved\u00a010 July\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeria-law.org\/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm#Powers_of_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria\">&#8220;Nigerian Constitution&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nigeria Law<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160525192058\/http:\/\/www.nigeria-law.org\/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm#Powers_of_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved\u00a017 July\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">&#8220;The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Pew Research Center<\/em>. April 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210118120245\/https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a025 May\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-USEN_23-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201018101915\/https:\/\/photos.state.gov\/libraries\/nigeria\/487468\/pdfs\/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf\">&#8220;Nigeria Fact Sheet&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). United States Embassy in Nigeria. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.state.gov\/libraries\/nigeria\/487468\/pdfs\/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 18 October 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 September\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Nigeria: The African giant&#8221;.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Round_Table_(journal)\">The Round Table<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<strong>50<\/strong>\u00a0(197):\u00a055\u201363. 1959.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F00358535908452221\">10.1080\/00358535908452221<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0035-8533\">0035-8533<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nti.org\/education-center\/treaties-and-regimes\/non-aligned-movement-nam\">&#8220;Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) \u2013 The Nuclear Threat Initiative&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211019023811\/https:\/\/www.nti.org\/education-center\/treaties-and-regimes\/non-aligned-movement-nam\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 October\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0The Arabic name\u00a0<em>nahr al-anhur<\/em>\u00a0is a direct translation of the Tuareg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=Niger\">&#8220;<em>Online Etymological Dictionary<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>. Etymonline.com.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170702152902\/http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=Niger\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kperogi, Farooq A.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.farooqkperogi.com\/2019\/04\/natasha-h-akpotis-wildly-inaccurate.html?m=1\">&#8220;Natasha H. Akpoti&#8217;s Wildly Inaccurate History of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Notes From Atlanta<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230811040153\/https:\/\/www.farooqkperogi.com\/2019\/04\/natasha-h-akpotis-wildly-inaccurate.html?m=1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a011 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Tylecote_1975_see_below_29-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Tylecote_1975_see_below_29-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Tylecote 1975 (see below)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359_30-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359_30-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Eggert, Manfred (2014). &#8220;Early iron in West and Central Africa&#8221;. In Breunig, P (ed.).\u00a0<em>Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context<\/em>. Frankfurt, Germany: Africa Magna Verlag Press. pp.\u00a051\u201359.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354_31-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354_31-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Eggert, Manfred (2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BBn1BQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Nok+Breunig&amp;pg=PA38\">&#8220;Early iron in West and Central Africa&#8221;<\/a>. In Breunig, P (ed.).\u00a0<em>Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context<\/em>. Frankfurt, Germany: Africa Magna Verlag Press. pp.\u00a053\u201354.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783937248462\"><bdi>9783937248462<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Holl-2020#2_32-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Holl, Augustin F. C. (June 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342656145\">&#8220;The Origins of African Metallurgies&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Oxford Research Encyclopedias<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>22<\/strong>\u00a0(4):\u00a012\u201313.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190854584.013.63\">10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190854584.013.63<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780190854584\"><bdi>9780190854584<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/7869925414\">7869925414<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-PB_2014_33-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig &amp; Stefanie Kahlheber, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.antiquity.ac.uk\/projgall\/kahlheber\/\">Exploring the Nok Enigma<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304112232\/http:\/\/www.antiquity.ac.uk\/projgall\/kahlheber\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a04 March 2016 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&#8220;,\u00a0<em>Antiquity<\/em>\u00a082.316, June 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0B.E.B. Fagg, &#8220;The Nok Culture in Prehistory&#8221;,\u00a0<em>Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a01.4, December 1959.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-archaeology_36-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=TlVeuxIgjwQC&amp;q=Nok+terracotta+earliest\"><em>Gardner&#8217;s Art Through the Ages: Non-Western Perspectives<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(13, revised\u00a0ed.).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cengage_Learning\">Cengage Learning<\/a>. p.\u00a0194.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-495-57367-8\"><bdi>978-0-495-57367-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/nok\/hd_nok.htm\">&#8220;Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.\u2013200 A.D.) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art&#8221;<\/a>. Metmuseum.org. 2 June 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191024215836\/http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/nok\/hd_nok.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved\u00a016 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Eze-Uzomaka_38-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Eze\u2013Uzomaka, Pamela.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/4103707\">&#8220;Iron and its influence on the prehistoric site of Lejja&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Academia.edu<\/em>. University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201206183226\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/4103707\/Iron_and_its_influence_on_the_prehistoric_site_of_Lejja\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved\u00a012 December\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Juang3_39-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Juang3_39-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Juang, Richard M. (2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&amp;pg=PA597\"><em>Africa and the Americas: culture, politics, and history: a multidisciplinary encyclopedia, Volume 2<\/em><\/a>. ABC-CLIO. p.\u00a0597.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-85109-441-7\"><bdi>978-1-85109-441-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hrbek, Ivan (1992).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qDFcD0BuekQC&amp;pg=PA254\"><em>Africa from the seventh to the eleventh Century<\/em><\/a>. James Currey Publishers. p.\u00a0254.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-85255-093-9\"><bdi>978-0-85255-093-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Uzukwu, E. Elochukwu (1997).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9hhmzVrYPHAC\"><em>Worship as Body Language<\/em><\/a>. Liturgical Press. p.\u00a093.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8146-6151-2\"><bdi>978-0-8146-6151-2<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040705\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9hhmzVrYPHAC\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Falola13_42-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Falola13_42-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Falola, Toyin; Heaton, Matthew M. (2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=XygZjbNRap0C&amp;pg=PA23\"><em>A History of Nigeria<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambridge_University_Press\">Cambridge University Press<\/a>. p.\u00a023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-521-68157-5\"><bdi>978-0-521-68157-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Laitin, David D. (1986).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=dHbrDvGQEbUC&amp;pg=PA111\"><em>Hegemony and culture: politics and religious change among the Yoruba<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Chicago_Press\">University of Chicago Press<\/a>. p.\u00a0111.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-226-46790-0\"><bdi>978-0-226-46790-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0MacDonald, Fiona; Paren, Elizabeth;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kevin_Shillington\">Shillington, Kevin<\/a>; Stacey, Gillian; Steele, Philip (2000).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=joh5yHfcF-8C&amp;pg=PA385\"><em>Peoples of Africa, Volume 1<\/em><\/a>. Marshall Cavendish. p.\u00a0385.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7614-7158-5\"><bdi>978-0-7614-7158-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-diverse-slavery_45-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-diverse-slavery_45-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-diverse-slavery_45-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gordon, April A. (2003).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=H26pO3vwmHoC&amp;pg=PA54\"><em>Nigeria&#8217;s Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook<\/em><\/a>. ABC-CLIO. pp.\u00a044\u201354.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-57607-682-8\"><bdi>978-1-57607-682-8<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a029 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-slave-trade_46-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-slave-trade_46-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-slave-trade_46-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Falola, Toyin; Genova, Ann (2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historicaldictio0000falo\"><em>Historical Dictionary of Nigeria<\/em><\/a>. Scarecrow Press. p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historicaldictio0000falo\/page\/n373\">328<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8108-6316-3\"><bdi>978-0-8108-6316-3<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a029 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-47\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Falola, Toyin; Paddock, Adam (2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ANzFx1O95eAC&amp;pg=PA78\"><em>Environment and Economics in Nigeria<\/em><\/a>. Routledge. p.\u00a078.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-136-66247-8\"><bdi>978-1-136-66247-8<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a029 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-48\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helen_Chapin_Metz\">Metz, Helen Chapin<\/a>\u00a0(1991).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/7.htm\">&#8220;Nigeria: A Country Study \u2013 The Slave Trade&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies\">Library of Congress Country Studies<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110623172414\/http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/7.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Shillington, Kevin,\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_African_History\">Encyclopedia of African History<\/a><\/em>. (U of Michigan Press, 2005) p. 1401.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Adam, Abba Idris, &#8220;Re-inventing Islamic Civilization in the Sudanic Belt: The Role of Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Journal of Modern Education Review<\/em>\u00a04.6 (2014): 457\u2013465.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tweb.cjcu.edu.tw\/journal_abstract\/2014_10_02_12_32_45.99.pdf#page=63\">online<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210415060148\/https:\/\/tweb.cjcu.edu.tw\/journal_abstract\/2014_10_02_12_32_45.99.pdf#page=63\">Archived<\/a>\u00a015 April 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derek_R._Peterson\">Peterson, Derek R.<\/a>, ed.,\u00a0<em>Abolitionism and imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic<\/em>\u00a0(Ohio University Press, 2010).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Falola, Toyin, and Matthew M. Heaton,\u00a0<em>A History of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(2008), pp. 85\u2013109.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/us\/academic\/subjects\/history\/regional-history-after-1500\/slow-death-slavery-course-abolition-northern-nigeria-18971936,%20https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/us\/academic\/subjects\/history\/regional-history-after-1500\">&#8220;Slow death slavery course abolition northern Nigeria 18971936 | Regional history after 1500&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Cambridge University Press<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210308001224\/https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/us\/academic\/subjects\/history\/regional-history-after-1500\/slow-death-slavery-course-abolition-northern-nigeria-18971936,%20https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/us\/academic\/subjects\/history\/regional-history-after-1500\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a022 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worldservice\/specials\/1624_story_of_africa\/page56.shtml\">&#8220;The end of slavery&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Story of Africa<\/em>. BBC News.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200723083115\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worldservice\/specials\/1624_story_of_africa\/page56.shtml\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-JBS2_55-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Udofia, O.E. (1981). &#8220;Nigerian Political Parties: Their Role in Modernizing the Political System, 1920\u20131966&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Journal of Black Studies<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>11<\/strong>\u00a0(4):\u00a0435\u2013447.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F002193478101100404\">10.1177\/002193478101100404<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2784073\">2784073<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:143073983\">143073983<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210818121408\/https:\/\/www.dawodu.com\/const63.pdf\">&#8220;The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). 1963. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dawodu.com\/const63.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 18 August 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Irede, Akin (17 March 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/182958\/aguiyi-ironsi-the-murder-that-birthed-nigerias-northern-hegemony\/amp\/\">&#8220;Aguiyi-Ironsi: The murder that birthed Nigeria&#8217;s northern hegemony&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Africa Report<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230223001544\/https:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/182958\/aguiyi-ironsi-the-murder-that-birthed-nigerias-northern-hegemony\/amp\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved\u00a023 February\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Falola and Heaton,\u00a0<em>A History of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(2008) pp 158\u201359.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Murray, Senan (30 May 2007).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/africa\/6657259.stm\">&#8220;Reopening Nigeria&#8217;s civil war wounds&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120305112039\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/africa\/6657259.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (7 August 2020).\u00a0<em>A History of the Republic of Biafra<\/em>. Cambridge University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2F9781108887748\">10.1017\/9781108887748<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-108-88774-8\"><bdi>978-1-108-88774-8<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:225266768\">225266768<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-DDRS_61-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>&#8220;Background Paper on Nigeria and Biafra, Declassified Documents Reference System<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Metz, Helen Chapin (1991).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/23.htm\">&#8220;Nigeria: A Country Study \u2013 Civil War&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies\">Library of Congress Country Studies<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110605003652\/http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/23.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180820081648\/https:\/\/www.litencyc.com\/theliterarymagazine\/biafra.php\">&#8220;<em>The Biafra War and the Age of Pestilence<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>. Litencyc.com. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.litencyc.com\/theliterarymagazine\/biafra.php\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 20 August 2018. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Michael I. Draper,\u00a0<em>Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967\u20131970<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McDonald, Gordon C.,\u00a0<em>Area Handbook for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo Kinshasa)<\/em>\u00a0(1971), p. 263<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Stearns, Jason K.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dancing_in_the_Glory_of_Monsters:_The_Collapse_of_the_Congo_and_the_Great_War_of_Africa\">Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(2011), p. 115<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wrong, Michela.\u00a0<em>In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu&#8217;s Congo<\/em>\u00a0(2000), p. 266<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Watts, Michael (1987)\u00a0<em>State, Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria<\/em>, Institute of International Studies, University of California,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-87725-166-5\"><bdi>0-87725-166-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201142%E2%80%9343Derfler201181_69-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, pp.\u00a042\u201343;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFDerfler2011\">Derfler 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a081.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerfler201182_70-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFDerfler2011\">Derfler 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a082.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201143Derfler201181_71-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a043;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFDerfler2011\">Derfler 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a081.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201144_72-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a044.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Joliba (13 February 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/joliba-africa.com\/2015\/02\/13\/failed-coup-attempt-of-1976\/\">&#8220;Failed Coup Attempt of 1976&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Joliba<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230627112021\/https:\/\/joliba-africa.com\/2015\/02\/13\/failed-coup-attempt-of-1976\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148_74-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a048.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148%E2%80%9349Derfler201185_75-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, pp.\u00a048\u201349;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFDerfler2011\">Derfler 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a085.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201150Derfler201185_76-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFIliffe2011\">Iliffe 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a050;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#CITEREFDerfler2011\">Derfler 2011<\/a>, p.\u00a085.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-77\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0African Concord (1990). The New Helmsmen. Concord Press, Ikeja, Lagos. 13 August 1990<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0David Williams,\u00a0<em>President and power in Nigeria: The life of Shehu Shagari<\/em>\u00a0(Routledge, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Nigeria, Military Faces Daunting Challenges&#8221;, AP Press International, 3\u00a0March 1984. Retrieved 22 February 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Siollun, Max (25 October 2018), Levan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (eds.), &#8220;Civil Military Affairs and Military Culture in Post-Transition Nigeria&#8221;,\u00a0<em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics<\/em>, Oxford University Press, pp.\u00a0272\u2013287,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780198804307.013.13\">10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198804307.013.13<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-880430-7\"><bdi>978-0-19-880430-7<\/bdi><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bilski, Andrew, &#8220;Broken Promises&#8221;,\u00a0<em>Maclean<\/em>, 6 September 1993.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Diamond, Larry;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirk-Greene,_Anthony\">Kirk-Greene, Anthony<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oyeleye_Oyediran\">Oyeleye Oyediran<\/a>\u00a0(1997)\u00a0<em>Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society Under Babangida<\/em>, Vantage Publishers,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2458-54-6\"><bdi>978-2458-54-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/wiwavshell.org\/\">&#8220;Wiwa et al v. Royal Dutch Petroleum et al&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Center for Constitutional Rights<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150326065947\/http:\/\/wiwavshell.org\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved\u00a024 August\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>&#8220;Nigerian Lawyer: Abacha accounts apparently in Switzerland, Luxembourg, France, and Germany&#8221;, AP press, 10 January 2000.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-85\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/2391\/Abdusalam-Abubakar\">&#8220;Abdusalam Abubakar&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504215600\/http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/2391\/Abdusalam-Abubakar\">Archived<\/a>\u00a04 May 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online, accessed 26 October 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Falola and Heaton,\u00a0<em>A History of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(2008) pp. 211\u201334.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-87\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080216032839\/http:\/\/www.eueom-ng.org\/Files\/final_report.pdf\">&#8220;Final Report&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). EU Election Observation Mission Nigeria 2007. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eueom-ng.org\/Files\/final_report.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 16 February 2008. Retrieved\u00a024 January\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenigerianvoice.com\/movie\/24352\/nass-confirm-sambo-as-vice-president.html\">&#8220;NASS confirms Sambo as vice president&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Nigerian_Voice\">The Nigerian Voice<\/a><\/em>. 18 May 2010.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805081015\/https:\/\/www.thenigerianvoice.com\/movie\/24352\/nass-confirm-sambo-as-vice-president.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-89\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Akinlade, Muruf (18 May 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110427025349\/http:\/\/www.myondostate.com\/myondostate\/newssend.php?id=203\">&#8220;National Assembly confirms Sambo as Vice President&#8221;<\/a>. MyOndoState.Com. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.myondostate.com\/myondostate\/newssend.php?id=203\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 April 2011. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-New_York2_90-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nossiter, Adam (16 April 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/17\/world\/africa\/17nigeria.html?pagewanted=1&amp;_r=1&amp;hp\">&#8220;Nigerians Vote in Presidential Election&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190824165122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/17\/world\/africa\/17nigeria.html?pagewanted=1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a017 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Times, Premium (23 December 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/173732-nigerian-economy-among-worlds-largest-jonathan.html\">&#8220;Nigerian economy among world&#8217;s largest \u2013 Jonathan&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221004085504\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/173732-nigerian-economy-among-worlds-largest-jonathan.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a05 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-92\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0eribake, akintayo (24 December 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2014\/12\/nigerias-economy-among-largest-world-jonathan\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s economy among largest in the world \u2014 Jonathan&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Vanguard News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221004085507\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2014\/12\/nigerias-economy-among-largest-world-jonathan\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a05 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-93\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Udo, Bassey (14 May 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/182926-missing-20-bn-sanusi-faults-alison-madueke-says-audit-report-proves-at-least-18-5bn-lost.html\">&#8220;Missing $20 bn: Sanusi faults Alison-Madueke, says audit report proves at least $18.5bn lost&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221004085505\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/182926-missing-20-bn-sanusi-faults-alison-madueke-says-audit-report-proves-at-least-18-5bn-lost.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a05 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-94\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-32139858\">&#8220;Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201125205929\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-32139858\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-95\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2015\/04\/obama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat\/\">&#8220;Obama praises Nigeria&#8217;s president for conceding defeat&#8221;<\/a>. Vanguard. 1 April 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821192325\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2015\/04\/obama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-96\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thenationonlineng.net\/new\/apc-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat\/\">&#8220;APC praises Jonathan for conceding defeat&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Nation<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150708183124\/http:\/\/thenationonlineng.net\/new\/apc-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-97\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.channelstv.com\/2015\/03\/31\/anyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat\/\">&#8220;Anyaoku Praises Jonathan For Conceding Defeat&#8221;<\/a>. Channels Television. 31 March 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821192329\/https:\/\/www.channelstv.com\/2015\/03\/31\/anyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-98\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0AfricaNews (27 February 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2019\/02\/27\/buhari-beats-atiku-to-secure-re-election-as-nigeria-president\/\">&#8220;Buhari beats Atiku to secure re-election as Nigeria president&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Africanews<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200924063323\/https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2019\/02\/27\/buhari-beats-atiku-to-secure-re-election-as-nigeria-president\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-99\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lasisi, Olukayode Joshua (29 September 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/businessday.ng\/politics\/article\/peter-obi-leads-in-new-poll-google-search-interest\/\">&#8220;Peter Obi leads in new poll, Google search interest&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Businessday NG<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221202040603\/https:\/\/businessday.ng\/politics\/article\/peter-obi-leads-in-new-poll-google-search-interest\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved\u00a05 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-100\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Olurounbi, Eromo Egbejule,Ruth.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2023\/2\/1\/kwankwaso-went-from-unpopular-governor-to-nigerian-presidential-wildcard\">&#8220;How Rabiu Kwankwaso became wildcard in Nigerian presidential race&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230924073749\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2023\/2\/1\/kwankwaso-went-from-unpopular-governor-to-nigerian-presidential-wildcard\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved\u00a024 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-101\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/2\/28\/nigeria-presidential-election-results-2023\">&#8220;Nigeria presidential election results 2023 by the numbers&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230809010308\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/2\/28\/nigeria-presidential-election-results-2023\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-102\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/3\/18\/nigeria-local-elections-open-in-shadow-of-contested-vote\">&#8220;Nigeria local elections open in shadow of contested national vote&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230818143649\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/3\/18\/nigeria-local-elections-open-in-shadow-of-contested-vote\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-103\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/5\/29\/tinubu-sworn-in-as-nigerias-president-succeeds-buhari\">&#8220;Bola Tinubu sworn in as Nigeria&#8217;s president, succeeds Buhari&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230906193842\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/5\/29\/tinubu-sworn-in-as-nigerias-president-succeeds-buhari\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-104\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Emmanuel Akinwotu (16 January 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/devone.com.ng\/2024\/01\/shocking-kidnapping-and-murder-of-six-sisters-grips-nigeria.html\">&#8220;A kidnapping of six sisters and a murder has gripped Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>DevOne Africa<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR\">NPR<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240219180223\/https:\/\/devone.com.ng\/2024\/01\/shocking-kidnapping-and-murder-of-six-sisters-grips-nigeria.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved\u00a019 February\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-105\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209041128\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2147rank.html\">&#8220;Rank Order \u2013 Area&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2147rank.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 February 2014. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-106\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Africa\u00a0:: Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>. 17 May 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.\u00a0*Note that coastlines, and borders based on rivers or natural features, are fractals, the length of which is imprecise and depends on the measurement convention adopted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-encarta22_107-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-encarta22_107-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20031111170137\/http:\/\/encarta.msn.com\/encyclopedia_761557915\/Nigeria.html\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encarta\">Encarta<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft\">Microsoft<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/encarta.msn.com\/encyclopedia_761557915\/Nigeria.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 November 2003. Retrieved\u00a019 July\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai52_108-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai52_108-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai52_108-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090414075757\/http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard5.html\">&#8220;Regions Used to Interpret the Complexity of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Geographical Alliance of Iowa<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Northern_Iowa\">University of Northern Iowa<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard5.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 April 2009. Retrieved\u00a019 July\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai42_109-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai42_109-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100328172528\/http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard4.html\">&#8220;The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Geographical Alliance of Iowa<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Northern_Iowa\">University of Northern Iowa<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard4.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 28 March 2010. Retrieved\u00a013 August\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-110\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gbolagade, Lameed (2011). &#8220;Species diversity and richness of wild birds in Dagona Waterfowl Sanctuary, Nigeria&#8221;.\u00a0<em>African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology<\/em>\u00a0(5\u00a0ed.):\u00a0855\u2013866.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1996-0786\">1996-0786<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-111\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131002082125\/http:\/\/cbnp.nigeriaparkservice.org\/sectors.php\">&#8220;Chad Basin National Park&#8221;<\/a>. 2 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved\u00a022 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-112\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304105554\/http:\/\/lakechad.iwlearn.org\/publications\/reports\/lake-cha-basin-tda-report-english\">&#8220;TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE LAKE CHAD BASIN&#8221;<\/a>. 4 March 2016. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lakechad.iwlearn.org\/publications\/reports\/lake-cha-basin-tda-report-english\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 4 March 2016. Retrieved\u00a022 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai4_113-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai4_113-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-gai4_113-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100328172528\/http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard4.html\">&#8220;The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Geographical Alliance of Iowa<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Northern_Iowa\">University of Northern Iowa<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uni.edu\/gai\/Nigeria\/Background\/Standard4.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 28 March 2010. Retrieved\u00a013 August\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-114\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Fashae, Olutoyin (2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/321953126\">&#8220;Geospatial Analysis of Changes in Vegetation Cover over Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Bulletin of Geography<\/em>\u00a0(13):\u00a017\u201327.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040712\/https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/321953126_Geospatial_Analysis_of_Changes_in_Vegetation_Cover_over_Nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a018 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Nigeria_:8_115-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Olaniyi, O.A.; Olutimehin, I.O.; Funmilayo, O.A. (2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22161%2Fijreh.3.3.3\">&#8220;Review of Climate Change and Its effect on Nigeria Ecosystem&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>3<\/strong>\u00a0(3):\u00a092\u2013100.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22161%2Fijreh.3.3.3\">10.22161\/ijreh.3.3.3<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Nigeria_:10_116-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Africa Policy Research Institute (10 October 2022). Mbungu, Grace (ed.).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/afripoli.org\/climate-change-adaptation-in-nigeria-strategies-initiatives-and-practices#\">&#8220;Climate Change Adaptation in Nigeria: Strategies, Initiatives, and Practices&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Africa Policy Research Institute<\/em>.\u00a0<code>{{<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cite_web\">cite web<\/a>}}<\/code>:\u00a0<code>|last=<\/code>\u00a0has generic name (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name\">help<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-117\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0University of Notre Dame.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250303150416\/https:\/\/gain.nd.edu\/our-work\/country-index\/rankings\/\">&#8220;Rankings \/\/ Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative \/\/ University of Notre Dame&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gain.nd.edu\/our-work\/country-index\/rankings\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 3 March 2025. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-118\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ani, Kelechi Johnmary; Anyika, Vincent Okwudiba; Mutambara, Emmanuel (1 January 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108%2FIJCCSM-11-2020-0119\">&#8220;The impact of climate change on food and human security in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>14<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0148\u2013167.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108%2FIJCCSM-11-2020-0119\">10.1108\/IJCCSM-11-2020-0119<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1756-8692\">1756-8692<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Nigeria_:9_119-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jones, Matthew W.; Peters, Glen P.; Gasser, Thomas; Andrew, Robbie M.; Schwingshackl, Clemens; G\u00fctschow, Johannes; Houghton, Richard A.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Pongratz, Julia (13 November 2024),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/14054503\"><em>National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281%2Fzenodo.14054503\">10.5281\/zenodo.14054503<\/a>, retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-120\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Climate Watch.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatewatchdata.org\/countries\/NGA?end_year=2021&amp;start_year=1990\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.climatewatchdata.org<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-121\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Climate Action Tracker (13 July 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>climateactiontracker.org<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-122\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Okafor, Chukwuebuka C.; Ajaero, Charles C.; Madu, Christian N.; Nzekwe, Chinelo A.; Otunomo, Festus A.; Nixon, Nduji N. (6 September 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fsu16167048\">&#8220;Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Nigeria: A Review&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Sustainability<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>\u00a0(16): 7048.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fsu16167048\">10.3390\/su16167048<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2071-1050\">2071-1050<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-123\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Federal Republic of Nigeria (2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240415111849\/https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/Nigeria-Adaptation-Communication-UNFCCC-2.pdf\">&#8220;Adaptation Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>unfccc.int<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/Nigeria-Adaptation-Communication-UNFCCC-2.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 15 April 2024. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Nigeria_Haider_124-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Haider, H.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/research-for-development-outputs\/climate-change-in-nigeria-impacts-and-responses\">&#8220;Climate Change in Nigeria: Impacts and Responses&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>GOV.UK<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a011 April\u00a02021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Open_Government_Licence_logo.svg\"><\/a>\u00a0Text was copied from this source, which is available under an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/\">Open Government Licence v3.0<\/a>. \u00a9 Crown copyright.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-125\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2005\/1117-forests.html\">&#8220;News.mongabay.com&#8221;<\/a>. News.mongabay.com. 17 November 2005.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090618101657\/http:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2005\/1117-forests.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-126\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/rainforests.mongabay.com\/deforestation\/2000\/Nigeria.htm\">&#8220;Rainforest analysis at Mongabay.com&#8221;<\/a>. Rainforests.mongabay.com. 1 January 2010.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140212134304\/http:\/\/rainforests.mongabay.com\/deforestation\/2000\/Nigeria.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_127-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Grantham, H. S.; et\u00a0al. (2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7723057\">&#8220;Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity \u2013 Supplementary Material&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Communications<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>11<\/strong>\u00a0(1): 5978.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2020NatCo..11.5978G\">2020NatCo..11.5978G<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3\">10.1038\/s41467-020-19493-3<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2041-1723\">2041-1723<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7723057\">7723057<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33293507\">33293507<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-128\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ogbonna, D.N.; Ekweozor, I.K.E.; Igwe, F.U. (2002). &#8220;Waste Management: A Tool for Environmental Protection in Nigeria&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>31<\/strong>\u00a0(1):\u00a055\u201357.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1639%2F0044-7447%282002%29031%5B0055%3Awmatfe%5D2.0.co%3B2\">10.1639\/0044-7447(2002)031[0055:wmatfe]2.0.co;2<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4315211\">4315211<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-129\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Donatus, Peter (15 October 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/shell%E2%80%99s-nigeria-ecocide-creating-refugee-crisis,%20https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/shell%E2%80%99s-nigeria-ecocide-creating-refugee-crisis\">&#8220;Shell&#8217;s Nigeria ecocide is creating a refugee crisis&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>greenleft.org.au<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot\">permanent dead link<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-130\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/unep-ogoniland-oil-assessment-reveals-extent-environmental-contamination-and\">&#8220;UNEP Ogoniland Oil Assessment Reveals Extent of Environmental Contamination and Threats to Human Health&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>UNEP<\/em>. 7 August 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230708085021\/https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/unep-ogoniland-oil-assessment-reveals-extent-environmental-contamination-and\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-131\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/ecocide-movement-pushes-new-international-crime-environmental-destruction-n1263142\">&#8220;&#8216;Ecocide&#8217; movement pushes for a new international crime: Environmental destruction&#8221;<\/a>. NBC News. 7 April 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230622071013\/https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/ecocide-movement-pushes-new-international-crime-environmental-destruction-n1263142\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-132\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theecologist.org\/2014\/feb\/05\/fighting-ecocide-nigeria\">&#8220;Fighting ecocide in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>theecologist.org<\/em>. 5 February 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231206022748\/https:\/\/theecologist.org\/2014\/feb\/05\/fighting-ecocide-nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-133\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unpo.org\/article\/19131\">&#8220;UNPO: Ogoni: An Ecocide in the Making?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>unpo.org<\/em>. 2 November 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230707161752\/https:\/\/unpo.org\/article\/19131\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-134\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2011\/aug\/22\/ecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster\">&#8220;How an ecocide law could prevent another Nigerian oil disaster&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. 22 August 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0261-3077\">0261-3077<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040706\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2011\/aug\/22\/ecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-135\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/06\/spotlighting-oil-majors-ecocide-of-niger-delta-qa-with-michael-j-watts\/\">&#8220;Spotlighting oil majors&#8217; &#8216;ecocide&#8217; of Niger Delta: Q&amp;A with Michael J. Watts&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Mongabay Environmental News<\/em>. 2 June 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230707162730\/https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/06\/spotlighting-oil-majors-ecocide-of-niger-delta-qa-with-michael-j-watts\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-136\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-61216157\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s illegal oil refineries: Dirty, dangerous, lucrative&#8221;<\/a>. BBC News. 26 April 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221010091114\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-61216157\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a010 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-137\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Okereke, Chukwumerije; Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent; Diemuodeke, Ogheneruona E. (9 May 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/three-things-that-can-go-wrong-at-an-illegal-oil-refinery-in-nigeria-182459\">&#8220;Three things that can go wrong at an illegal oil refinery in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Conversation<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221012233230\/https:\/\/theconversation.com\/three-things-that-can-go-wrong-at-an-illegal-oil-refinery-in-nigeria-182459\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a010 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-138\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Onukwue, Alexander (25 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/africa\/2158492\/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s illegal oil refineries keep killing people&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Quartz<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221015193024\/https:\/\/qz.com\/africa\/2158492\/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a010 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-139\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bashir, Muhammed; Umar-Tsafe, Nasir; Getso, Kabiru; Kaita, Ibrahim M.; Nasidi, Abdulsalami; Sani-Gwarzo, Nasir; Nguku, Patrick; Davis, Lora; Brown, Mary Jean (18 April 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779393\">&#8220;Assessment of blood lead levels among children aged \u2264 5 years\u2014Zamfara State, Nigeria, June\u2013July 2012&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>63<\/strong>\u00a0(15):\u00a0325\u2013327.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1545-861X\">1545-861X<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779393\">5779393<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24739340\">24739340<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-140\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Charles Mwalimu.\u00a0<em>The Nigerian Legal System: Public Law<\/em>. Peter Lang. 2005.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=QWrGlYsCwPIC&amp;pg=PA6\">p. 6<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230405100311\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=QWrGlYsCwPIC&amp;pg=PA6\">Archived<\/a>\u00a05 April 2023 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-factbook3_141-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-factbook3_141-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>\u00a0(United States). 14 February 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-142\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecable.ng\/patrick-obahiagbon-labour-party-wont-get-25-of-votes-in-24-states\">&#8220;Patrick Obahiagbon: Labour Party won&#8217;t get 25% of votes in 24 states&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>TheCable<\/em>. 4 September 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221015201541\/https:\/\/www.thecable.ng\/patrick-obahiagbon-labour-party-wont-get-25-of-votes-in-24-states\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-143\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2012\/11\/constitution-amendment-what-the-people-want\/\">&#8220;Constitution amendment: What the people want&#8221;<\/a>. 4 November 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210301141957\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2012\/11\/constitution-amendment-what-the-people-want\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a014 December\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-144\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130511123924\/http:\/\/www.ngrguardiannews.com\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106778%3Aconstitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-&amp;catid=203%3Ayouth-speak&amp;Itemid=730\">&#8220;Constitutional review: Nigeria needs broader representation&#8221;<\/a>. 6 December 2012. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ngrguardiannews.com\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106778:constitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-&amp;catid=203:youth-speak&amp;Itemid=730\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 May 2013. Retrieved\u00a014 December\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-felix2_145-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-felix2_145-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Onuah, Felix (29 December 2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090126015018\/http:\/\/www.alertnet.org\/thenews\/newsdesk\/L29819278.htm\">&#8220;Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details&#8221;<\/a>. Reuters. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alertnet.org\/thenews\/newsdesk\/L29819278.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 January 2009. Retrieved\u00a023 November\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-146\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/en\/nigeria\/cities\/agglos\/\">&#8220;Nigeria: States &amp; Agglomerations \u2013 Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>citypopulation.de<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220930123432\/https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/en\/nigeria\/cities\/agglos\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a017 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-147\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Siliquini-Cinelli, Luca; Hutchison, Andrew (6 April 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=l9ifDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=English+law+in+Nigeria+is+derived+from+the+colonial+Nigeria%2C+while+common+law+is+a+development+from+its+post+colonial+independence.&amp;pg=PA173\"><em>The Constitutional Dimension of Contract Law: A Comparative Perspective<\/em><\/a>. Springer.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-319-49843-0\"><bdi>978-3-319-49843-0<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040706\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=l9ifDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=English+law+in+Nigeria+is+derived+from+the+colonial+Nigeria%2C+while+common+law+is+a+development+from+its+post+colonial+independence.&amp;pg=PA173#v=onepage&amp;q=English%20law%20in%20Nigeria%20is%20derived%20from%20the%20colonial%20Nigeria%2C%20while%20common%20law%20is%20a%20development%20from%20its%20post%20colonial%20independence.&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a020 August\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-148\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0ProjectSolutionz (22 June 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/projectsolutionz.com.ng\/law-and-the-political-structure-in-nigeria\/\">&#8220;Law and the political structure in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ProjectSolutionz<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220708043422\/https:\/\/projectsolutionz.com.ng\/law-and-the-political-structure-in-nigeria\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved\u00a08 July\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-149\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Africa\u00a0:: Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_Factbook\">The World Factbook<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\">Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>\u00a0(United States). 12 September 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-150\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Young, Andrew (20 July 2006)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200607200078.html\">&#8220;Collins Edomaruse, how Obasanjo cut UK, US to size&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em>This Day<\/em>\u00a0(Nigeria).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-151\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Burkett, Elinor (2009)\u00a0<em>Golda<\/em>, HarperCollins,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-06-187395-0\"><bdi>0-06-187395-0<\/bdi><\/a>, p. 202.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-152\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110518172006\/http:\/\/www.africa-union.org\/root\/au\/Conferences\/Past\/2006\/November\/SummitASA\/summit.htm\">&#8220;ASAS \u2013 Africa-South America Summit&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Union\">African Union<\/a>. 30 November 2006. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.africa-union.org\/root\/au\/Conferences\/Past\/2006\/November\/SummitASA\/summit.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 18 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-153\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Timothy, Shaw (1984).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F484337\">&#8220;The State of Nigeria: Oil Prices Power Bases and Foreign Policy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Canadian Journal of African Studies<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0393\u2013405.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F484337\">10.2307\/484337<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/484337\">484337<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-154\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018).\u00a0<em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0751.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-880430-7\"><bdi>978-0-19-880430-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-155\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018).\u00a0<em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0756.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-880430-7\"><bdi>978-0-19-880430-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-156\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018).\u00a0<em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0754.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-880430-7\"><bdi>978-0-19-880430-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-157\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018).\u00a0<em>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0754\u2013755.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-880430-7\"><bdi>978-0-19-880430-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-158\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Smith, Elliot (29 September 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/09\/29\/west-africas-new-currency-could-now-be-delayed-by-five-years.html\">&#8220;West Africa&#8217;s new currency could now be delayed by five years&#8221;<\/a>. CNBC.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210213014223\/https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/09\/29\/west-africas-new-currency-could-now-be-delayed-by-five-years.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a017 November\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-159\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mugabi, Isaac (2 July 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/west-africas-eco-currency-plan-remains-a-pipe-dream\/a-58136111\">&#8220;West Africa&#8217;s Eco currency remains an illusion&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241222152645\/https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/west-africas-eco-currency-plan-remains-a-pipe-dream\/a-58136111\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 December 2024. Retrieved\u00a02 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-160\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1\">&#8220;Armed forces personnel, total \u2013 Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181118135008\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved\u00a024 January\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:8_161-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:8_161-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2022).\u00a0<em>The Military Balance 2022<\/em>. London: Taylor &amp; Francis.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781032279008\"><bdi>9781032279008<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-162\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a03_Data for all countries from 1988 to 2017 as a share of GDP.pdf (sipri.org)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-163\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a01_Data for all countries from 1988 to 2017 in constant (2016) USD.pdf (sipri.org)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:5_164-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:5_164-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:5_164-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:5_164-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/nigeria\/nigeria-security-tracker\/p29483\">&#8220;Nigeria Security Tracker&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Council on Foreign Relations<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181115063510\/https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/nigeria\/nigeria-security-tracker\/p29483\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-165\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Agency Report (24 March 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html\">&#8220;Over 40,000 terrorists surrender to troops \u2013 DHQ&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221005072510\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:7_166-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:7_166-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Bankole, Idowu (15 September 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2022\/09\/niger-delta-militants-at-war-over-pipelines-surveillance-contract\/\">&#8220;Niger Delta militants at war over pipelines surveillance contract&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Vanguard News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221018071457\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2022\/09\/niger-delta-militants-at-war-over-pipelines-surveillance-contract\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a018 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-167\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nigeria-oil-idUSL8N1N93JA\">&#8220;Niger Delta Avengers group says ends ceasefire in Nigeria oil hub \u2013 website&#8221;<\/a>. Reuters. 3 November 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221015102943\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nigeria-oil-idUSL8N1N93JA\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-168\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0ACN (7 June 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/acninternational.org\/massacre-in-owo-nigeria\/\">&#8220;ACN statement about the Pentecost massacre in St. Francis Xavier Church in Owo, Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ACN International<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221118132704\/https:\/\/acninternational.org\/massacre-in-owo-nigeria\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved\u00a018 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-169\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldeconomics.com\/Wealth\/default.aspx\">&#8220;GDP Per Capita | By Country | 2022 | Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>World Economics<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230510092938\/https:\/\/www.worldeconomics.com\/Wealth\/default.aspx\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a024 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-170\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025\">&#8220;World Bank country classifications by income level for 2024-2025&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>World Bank Blogs<\/em>. 1 July 2024. Retrieved\u00a025 January\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-171\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200619145509\/https:\/\/www.casade.org\/economic-development-nigeria-1914-2014\/\">&#8220;The Economic Development of Nigeria from 1914 to 2014&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>CASADE<\/em>. 20 January 2015. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.casade.org\/economic-development-nigeria-1914-2014\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 19 June 2020. Retrieved\u00a025 May\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-172\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lewis, Peter (2007).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&amp;pg=PA168\"><em>Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria<\/em><\/a>. University of Michigan Press. p.\u00a0168.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-472-06980-4\"><bdi>978-0-472-06980-4<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040707\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&amp;pg=PA168#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a026 December\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-tribune.com.ng2_173-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gbola Subair-Abuja (8 September 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150317150032\/http:\/\/www.tribune.com.ng\/business\/tribune-business\/item\/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy\/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy\">&#8220;Remittances from diaspora Nigerians as lubricant for the economy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_Tribune\">Nigerian Tribune<\/a><\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tribune.com.ng\/business\/tribune-business\/item\/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy\/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 17 March 2015. Retrieved\u00a017 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-174\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ekene, Mfon Abel (12 March 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.makemoney.ng\/natural-resources-in-nigeria-and-their-locations-full-list\/\">&#8220;Natural resources in Nigeria and their locations&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>MakeMoney.ng<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230610154927\/https:\/\/www.makemoney.ng\/natural-resources-in-nigeria-and-their-locations-full-list\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a011 December\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-175\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/gold-production?tab=table\">&#8220;Gold production&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Our World in Data<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-176\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=NG\">&#8220;Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>World Bank<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221112053830\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=NG\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:2_177-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:2_177-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/nigeria\/fao-in-nigeria\/nigeria-at-a-glance\/en\/\">&#8220;Nigeria at a glance|FAO in Nigeria|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>fao.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220607163145\/https:\/\/www.fao.org\/nigeria\/fao-in-nigeria\/nigeria-at-a-glance\/en\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a011 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-178\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/nigeria\/fao-in-nigeria\/nigeria-at-a-glance\/en\/\">&#8220;Nigeria at a glance&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>fao.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220607163145\/https:\/\/www.fao.org\/nigeria\/fao-in-nigeria\/nigeria-at-a-glance\/en\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-179\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Cadoni, P. (2013),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/at586e\/at586e.pdf\">&#8220;Analysis of Incentives and Disincentives for Cocoa in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF),\u00a0<em>Technical notes series, MAFAP<\/em>, Rome: FAO,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230130065015\/https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/at586e\/at586e.pdf\">archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 30 January 2023, retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-180\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ibirogba, Femi (17 December 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/guardian.ng\/features\/stakeholders-strategies-for-re-awakening-nigerias-cocoa-economy\/\">&#8220;Stakeholders&#8217; strategies for re-awakening Nigeria&#8217;s cocoa economy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian Nigeria News \u2013 Nigeria and World News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141838\/https:\/\/guardian.ng\/features\/stakeholders-strategies-for-re-awakening-nigerias-cocoa-economy\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.\u00a0<q>&#8220;Among the six major agricultural exports of the pre-petroleum exporting years (cocoa, palm oil, palm kernel, rubber, groundnuts and cotton), cocoa is the one still standing tall in terms of non-oil exports,&#8221; [Professor Adegboyega Oguntade] said.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-181\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oec.world\/en\/profile\/bilateral-product\/rubber\/reporter\/nga\">&#8220;Rubber in Nigeria | OEC&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>OEC \u2013 The Observatory of Economic Complexity<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141839\/https:\/\/oec.world\/en\/profile\/bilateral-product\/rubber\/reporter\/nga\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-182\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ekpo, Akpan H. (1986).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africabib.org\/rec.php?RID=119536714\">&#8220;Food dependency and the Nigerian economy: an ex-post analysis, 1960\u201380&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>28<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0257\u2013273.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141838\/https:\/\/www.africabib.org\/rec.php?RID=119536714\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.\u00a0<q>Up to 1974, the Nigerian economy was self-sufficient in the production of food. In recent years, however, Nigeria has become a net importer of basic foods.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:11_183-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:11_183-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Nwozor, Agaptus; Olanrewaju, John Shola; Ake, Modupe B. (2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.lmu.edu.ng\/2805\/1\/10603-Article%20Text-41107-1-10-20191221.pdf\">&#8220;National Insecurity and the Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>8<\/strong>\u00a0(4). Richtmann Publishing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36941%2Fajis-2019-0032\">10.36941\/ajis-2019-0032<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2281-3993\">2281-3993<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:213869061\">213869061<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230502041918\/https:\/\/eprints.lmu.edu.ng\/2805\/1\/10603-Article%20Text-41107-1-10-20191221.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-184\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Okotie, Sylvester (1 January 2018), Ndimele, Prince E. (ed.),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780128093993000057\">&#8220;Chapter 5 \u2013 The Nigerian Economy Before the Discovery of Crude Oil&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<em>The Political Ecology of Oil and Gas Activities in the Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystem<\/em>, Academic Press, pp.\u00a071\u201381,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-809399-3\"><bdi>978-0-12-809399-3<\/bdi><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141838\/https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780128093993000057\">archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023, retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-185\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ake, Claude (1996).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bs5rTH7GClgC&amp;pg=PA48\"><em>Democracy and Development in Africa<\/em><\/a>. Brookings Institution Press. p.\u00a048.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8157-0220-7\"><bdi>978-0-8157-0220-7<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040707\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bs5rTH7GClgC&amp;pg=PA48#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a026 December\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-186\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-49367968\">&#8220;Why Nigeria has restricted food imports&#8221;<\/a>. BBC News. 16 August 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141844\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-49367968\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-pasquini2_187-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Pasquini, MW; Alexander, MJ (2005). &#8220;Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating &#8217;empirical&#8217; and &#8216;scientific&#8217; knowledge in agricultural development&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Geographical Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>171<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0112\u2013124.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2005GeogJ.171..112P\">2005GeogJ.171..112P<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4959.2005.00154.x\">10.1111\/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-188\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/guardian.ng\/features\/rice-pyramids-and-nigerias-production-puzzle\/\">&#8220;Rice pyramids and Nigeria&#8217;s production puzzle&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian Nigeria News \u2013 Nigeria and World News<\/em>. 22 April 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220605085413\/https:\/\/guardian.ng\/features\/rice-pyramids-and-nigerias-production-puzzle\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a017 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-189\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190829113752\/https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/topNews\/idAFKCN1VJ0PH-OZATP\">&#8220;Nigeria closes part of border with Benin to check rice smuggling&#8221;<\/a>. Reuters. 29 August 2019. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/topNews\/idAFKCN1VJ0PH-OZATP\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 29 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a029 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-190\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecable.ng\/lagos-today-like-tinubu-like-sanwo-olu\">&#8220;Lagos today: Like Tinubu like Sanwo-Olu&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>TheCable<\/em>. 4 May 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220522125209\/https:\/\/www.thecable.ng\/lagos-today-like-tinubu-like-sanwo-olu\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-191\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nnodim, Okechukwu (29 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/punchng.com\/nigerias-proven-gas-reserves-worth-over-803-4tn-fg\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s proven gas reserves worth over $803.4tn \u2013 FG&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Punch Newspapers<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230421165556\/https:\/\/punchng.com\/nigerias-proven-gas-reserves-worth-over-803-4tn-fg\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-192\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0PricewaterhouseCoopers.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/ng\/en\/publications\/evaluating-nigeria-gas-value-chain.html\">&#8220;Evaluating Nigeria&#8217;s Gas Value Chain&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>PwC<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230614022004\/https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/ng\/en\/publications\/evaluating-nigeria-gas-value-chain.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-193\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ejiogu, Amanze R. (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43735213\">&#8220;Gas Flaring in Nigeria: Costs and Policy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Energy &amp; Environment<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>24<\/strong>\u00a0(6):\u00a0983\u2013998.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2013EnEnv..24..983E\">2013EnEnv..24..983E<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1260%2F0958-305X.24.6.983\">10.1260\/0958-305X.24.6.983<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0958-305X\">0958-305X<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43735213\">43735213<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:153746438\">153746438<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230614022003\/https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43735213\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-194\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Onuah, Felix (19 August 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/nigerias-buhari-worried-over-large-scale-crude-oil-theft-2022-08-19\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s Buhari worried over large scale crude oil theft&#8221;<\/a>. Reuters.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230614022003\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/nigerias-buhari-worried-over-large-scale-crude-oil-theft-2022-08-19\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-195\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/shell-nigeria-says-crude-oil-theft-an-existential-threat-industry-2022-07-06\/\">&#8220;Shell Nigeria says crude oil theft an existential threat to industry&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>. 7 July 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230211125042\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/shell-nigeria-says-crude-oil-theft-an-existential-threat-industry-2022-07-06\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-196\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Williams, Lizzie (2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&amp;pg=PA26\"><em>Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em><\/a>. Bradt Travel Guides. p.\u00a026.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-84162-239-2\"><bdi>978-1-84162-239-2<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627040707\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&amp;pg=PA26#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a026 December\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-NDES2_197-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Environmental Resources Managers Ltd, Niger Delta Environmental Survey Final Report Phase I; Volume I: Environmental and Socio-Economic Characteristics (Lagos: Niger Delta Environmental Survey, September 1997)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-politicaleconomy2_198-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Nigeria: The Political Economy of Oil<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-19-730014-6\"><bdi>0-19-730014-6<\/bdi><\/a>\u00a0(Khan, Ahmad)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-199\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nigerianstat.gov.ng\/elibrary\/read\/1241147\">&#8220;Reports | National Bureau of Statistics&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>nigerianstat.gov.ng<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220617202838\/https:\/\/nigerianstat.gov.ng\/elibrary\/read\/1241147\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-200\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nelson, P.H.H., Role of Reflection Seismic in Development of Nembe Creek Field, Nigeria, 1980, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968\u20131978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-89181-306-3\"><bdi>0-89181-306-3<\/bdi><\/a>, pp. 565\u2013576<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-ShellNigeria2_201-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/225153307\">&#8220;Stakes in four Nigerian oil fields being sold by Shell&#8221;<\/a>. Nigeria Sun. 27 August 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140831130922\/http:\/\/www.nigeriasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/225153307\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved\u00a028 August\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-202\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/morocco-closer-activating-gas-pipeline-nigeria\">&#8220;Morocco closer to activating the gas pipeline with Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Atalayar<\/em>. 27 April 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220524103335\/https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/morocco-closer-activating-gas-pipeline-nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-203\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/energy\/natural-gas\/nigerias-president-launches-new-gas-pipeline-project\/29750\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s president launches new gas pipeline project&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>aa.com.tr<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220522125209\/https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/energy\/natural-gas\/nigerias-president-launches-new-gas-pipeline-project\/29750\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-204\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constructionreviewonline.com\/project-timelines\/nigeria-morocco-gas-pipeline-nmgp-project-updates\/\">&#8220;Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline (NMGP) Project Updates&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Construction Review Online<\/em>. 9 May 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220528231902\/https:\/\/constructionreviewonline.com\/project-timelines\/nigeria-morocco-gas-pipeline-nmgp-project-updates\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-205\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en\">&#8220;Chapter XXVI: Disarmament \u2013 No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons&#8221;<\/a>. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190806220546\/https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a016 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:12_206-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:12_206-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:12_206-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/only-57-percent-of-nigerian-electricity-customers-are-metered\">&#8220;Only 57 Percent of Nigerian Electricity Customers are Metered&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NOIPolls<\/em>. 23 June 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230707163906\/https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/only-57-percent-of-nigerian-electricity-customers-are-metered\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-207\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2013\/06\/why-more-companies-are-moving-to-ogun\/\">&#8220;Industrial hub: Why more companies are moving to Ogun&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Vanguard Nigeria<\/em>. 19 June 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200924000820\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2013\/06\/why-more-companies-are-moving-to-ogun\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a014 March\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-208\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20140314202910\/http:\/\/www.mydailynewswatchng.com\/2013\/05\/05\/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile\/\">&#8220;Ogun State&#8217;s rising investment profile&#8221;<\/a>. Daily NewsWatch. 5 May 2013. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mydailynewswatchng.com\/2013\/05\/05\/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 March 2014. Retrieved\u00a014 March\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-209\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131129151508\/http:\/\/news2.onlinenigeria.com\/news\/top-stories\/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%E2%80%99s-new-industrial-hub.html\">&#8220;Ogun State: Nigeria&#8217;s new Industrial hub&#8221;<\/a>. Online Nigeria News. 27 November 2012. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news2.onlinenigeria.com\/news\/top-stories\/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%E2%80%99s-new-industrial-hub.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 29 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a014 March\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Naijalitz_210-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/naijalitz.com\/nigeria-now-generates-13000mw-of-power-says-minister\/\">&#8220;Nigeria now generates 13,000mw of power, says Minister \u2013 Chukwuma&#8221;<\/a>. Naijalitz \u2013 No 1 Entertainment Portal. Retrieved\u00a028 October\u00a02020.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot\">permanent dead link<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:1_211-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ntu.edu.sg\/cas\/news-events\/news\/details\/a-new-car-assembly-plant-begins-operation-in-nigeria\">&#8220;A new car assembly plant begins operation in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NTU-SBF Centre for African Studies (CAS)<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220704124830\/https:\/\/www.ntu.edu.sg\/cas\/news-events\/news\/details\/a-new-car-assembly-plant-begins-operation-in-nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved\u00a030 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-212\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Yager, Thomas R. (March 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/myb\/vol3\/2017-18\/myb3-2017-18-nigeria.pdf\">&#8220;The Mineral Industry of Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220610111629\/https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/myb\/vol3\/2017-18\/myb3-2017-18-nigeria.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a010 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-213\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Umoh, Ruth (5 December 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/12\/05\/how-nigerian-aliko-dangote-became-the-worlds-richest-black-person.html\">&#8220;Billionaire Aliko Dangote is the world&#8217;s richest black person\u2014here&#8217;s how he made his wealth&#8221;<\/a>. CNBC.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326141844\/https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/12\/05\/how-nigerian-aliko-dangote-became-the-worlds-richest-black-person.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-214\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220625011058\/https:\/\/www.ajaokutasteel.com\/site\/pagef.php?cnt=Products\">&#8220;Products: Ajaokuta Steel Company: &#8230;the Bedrock of Nigeria&#8217;s Industrialization&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ajaokutasteel.com<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajaokutasteel.com\/site\/pagef.php?cnt=Products\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 25 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-215\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/business\/159578-nigeria-revive-steel-rolling-mills-official.html\">&#8220;Nigeria to revive steel rolling mills \u2013 Official | Premium Times Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. 28 April 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220524193627\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/business\/159578-nigeria-revive-steel-rolling-mills-official.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:3_217-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Polycarp, Nwafor (18 May 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2017\/05\/nigeria-launch-africas-1st-nanosatellite\/\">&#8220;Nigeria to launch Africa&#8217;s 1st nanosatellite&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Vanguard<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180217202808\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2017\/05\/nigeria-launch-africas-1st-nanosatellite\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a017 February\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-218\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Onyesi, Chika (6 October 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dailypost.ng\/2021\/10\/06\/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity\/\">&#8220;&#8216;Nigeria&#8217;s pharmaceutical sector dwindling despite 60 percent production capacity'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Daily Post Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220605182803\/https:\/\/dailypost.ng\/2021\/10\/06\/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a05 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-219\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Yahaya, Abdulwali (19 September 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220517172640\/https:\/\/nigerianinfopedia.com.ng\/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria\/\">&#8220;Top 10 Best Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria &amp; Their Products&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nigerian Infopedia<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nigerianinfopedia.com.ng\/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 17 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a02 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-220\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emzorpharma.com\/about-emzor\/\">&#8220;About Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Emzor<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220801201737\/https:\/\/www.emzorpharma.com\/about-emzor\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved\u00a02 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-221\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Okonji, Emma (24 October 2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131027075729\/http:\/\/www.thisdaylive.com\/articles\/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch\/162517\">&#8220;Zinox Introduces Tablet Range of Computers, Plans Commercial Launch&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>This Day<\/em>. This Day Live. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thisdaylive.com\/articles\/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch\/162517\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 October 2013. Retrieved\u00a014 March\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-222\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/guardian.ng\/technology\/nigeria-produces-five-of-seven-unicorns-in-africa\/\">&#8220;Nigeria produces five of seven unicorns in Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian Nigeria News \u2013 Nigeria and World News<\/em>. 26 January 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221017085459\/https:\/\/guardian.ng\/technology\/nigeria-produces-five-of-seven-unicorns-in-africa\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a017 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-223\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0DeRouen, Karl R. &amp; Bellamy, Paul (2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tSLeN4U_C6kC&amp;pg=PA546\"><em>International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia<\/em><\/a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.\u00a0546.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-275-99253-8\"><bdi>978-0-275-99253-8<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041209\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tSLeN4U_C6kC&amp;pg=PA546\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a026 December\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-224\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200212033405\/https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/reader\/new-economy-africa-opportunities-nigerias-emerging-technology-sector\">&#8220;The New Economy of Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Center For Global Development<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/reader\/new-economy-africa-opportunities-nigerias-emerging-technology-sector\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 12 February 2020. Retrieved\u00a024 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-225\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tobyshapshak\/2019\/07\/11\/africas-booming-tech-hubs-are-backbone-of-tech-ecosystem-having-grown-40-this-year\/#5ed629bf24c2\">&#8220;Africa&#8217;s Booming Tech Hubs Are &#8220;Backbone of Tech Ecosystem&#8221; Having Grown 40% This Year&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Forbes<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210115164420\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tobyshapshak\/2019\/07\/11\/africas-booming-tech-hubs-are-backbone-of-tech-ecosystem-having-grown-40-this-year\/#5ed629bf24c2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a024 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-226\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/punchng.com\/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma\/\">&#8220;92% of Nigerian adult males own mobile device, says GSMA&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Punch Newspapers<\/em>. 26 June 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220819153505\/https:\/\/punchng.com\/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved\u00a019 August\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-227\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Paul, Emmanuel (28 November 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/techpoint.africa\/2019\/11\/28\/nigerias-social-media-bill\/\">&#8220;Everything you need to know about Nigeria&#8217;s Social Media Bill and what you can do about it&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Techpoint Africa<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210520174826\/https:\/\/techpoint.africa\/2019\/11\/28\/nigerias-social-media-bill\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a020 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-suntra2_228-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Archibong, Maurice (18 March 2004).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070426214225\/http:\/\/www.sunnewsonline.com\/webpages\/features\/travels\/2004\/mar\/18\/travels-mar18-01.htm\">&#8220;Nigeria: Gold mine waiting to be tapped&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Sun Online<\/em>. The Sun Publishing Ltd. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sunnewsonline.com\/webpages\/features\/travels\/2004\/mar\/18\/travels-mar18-01.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 April 2007. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-METRO2_229-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120513124623\/http:\/\/www.africaleadership.org\/rc\/Managing%20Metropolitan%20Lagos.pdf\">&#8220;Managing Metropolitan Lagos&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). R.Rasaki. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.africaleadership.org\/rc\/Managing%20Metropolitan%20Lagos.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 13 May 2012. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-230\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&amp;pg=PA53\"><em>Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2<\/em><\/a>. Oxford University Press. p.\u00a053.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-533770-9\"><bdi>978-0-19-533770-9<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041215\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&amp;pg=PA53#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a019 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-231\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220625172952\/https:\/\/esrmafrica.org\/nigeria-posts-4\/\">&#8220;Sustainability In The Nigerian Financial Sector \u2013 ESRM Africa&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/esrmafrica.org\/nigeria-posts-4\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 25 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-232\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210306235701\/https:\/\/t.guardian.ng\/business-services\/cote-divoire-others-ahead-of-nigeria-on-global-logistics-hub\/\">&#8220;Cote d&#8217;Ivoire, others ahead of Nigeria on global logistics hub&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian Nigeria News \u2013 Nigeria and World News<\/em>. 25 April 2017. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/t.guardian.ng\/business-services\/cote-divoire-others-ahead-of-nigeria-on-global-logistics-hub\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 6 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-233\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Anagor, Amaka (8 October 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/businessday.ng\/news\/article\/nigeria-joins-world-logistics-passport-as-strategic-trade-hub-in-west-africa\/\">&#8220;Nigeria joins World Logistics Passport as strategic trade hub in West Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Businessday NG<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230415005457\/https:\/\/businessday.ng\/news\/article\/nigeria-joins-world-logistics-passport-as-strategic-trade-hub-in-west-africa\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 March\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-234\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Shuaibu, Faruk (1 May 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dailytrust.com\/how-fg-moves-to-save-35000km-road-networks\">&#8220;How FG moves to save 35,000km road networks&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Daily Trust<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220914134253\/https:\/\/dailytrust.com\/how-fg-moves-to-save-35000km-road-networks\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-235\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/businesselitesafrica.com\/2022\/04\/24\/7-states-with-the-worst-road-networks-in-nigeria\/,%20https:\/\/businesselitesafrica.com\/2022\/04\/24\/7-states-with-the-worst-road-networks-in-nigeria\/\">&#8220;7 States With the Worst Road Networks in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. 24 April 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 September\u00a02022.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot\">permanent dead link<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-236\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220914134254\/https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.3+Nigeria+Road+Network\">&#8220;2.3 Nigeria Road Network \u2013 Logistics Capacity Assessment \u2013 Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>dlca.logcluster.org<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.3+Nigeria+Road+Network\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-237\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2020\/12\/16\/updated-motorists-list-nigerias-most-dangerous-roads-say-bandits-built-dens-along-them\">&#8220;UPDATED: Motorists List Nigeria&#8217;s Most Dangerous Roads, Say Bandits Built Dens Along Them | Sahara Reporters&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>saharareporters.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220914134254\/https:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2020\/12\/16\/updated-motorists-list-nigerias-most-dangerous-roads-say-bandits-built-dens-along-them\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-238\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Babangida, Mohammed (18 May 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/530677-bandits-abduct-motorists-on-abuja-kaduna-highway.html\">&#8220;Bandits abduct motorists on Abuja \u2013 Kaduna highway&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220914134253\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/530677-bandits-abduct-motorists-on-abuja-kaduna-highway.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-239\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dailytrust.com\/nigerian-airports-processed-15-8m-passengers-in-1-year\">&#8220;Nigerian airports processed 15.8m passengers in 1 year | Dailytrust&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>dailytrust.com<\/em>. 22 September 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221020185424\/https:\/\/dailytrust.com\/nigerian-airports-processed-15-8m-passengers-in-1-year\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a021 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-240\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Report, Agency (9 January 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/regional\/ssouth-east\/504810-new-anambra-airport-records-142-flights-3865-passengers-in-one-month-official.html\">&#8220;New Anambra airport records 142 flights, 3,865 passengers in one month \u2014 Official&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premium_Times\">Premium Times<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220226134130\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/regional\/ssouth-east\/504810-new-anambra-airport-records-142-flights-3865-passengers-in-one-month-official.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 February\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-241\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/centreforaviation.com\/analysis\/reports\/lagos-airports-terminal-2-opens--the-nigerian-president-wants-concessions-fast-tracked-602197\">&#8220;Lagos Airport&#8217;s Terminal 2 opens \u2013 the Nigerian president wants concessions &#8216;fast-tracked'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>CAPA \u2013 Centre for Aviation<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220530162124\/https:\/\/centreforaviation.com\/analysis\/reports\/lagos-airports-terminal-2-opens--the-nigerian-president-wants-concessions-fast-tracked-602197\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a030 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-UN_WPP_242-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/\">&#8220;World Population Prospects 2022&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs<\/a>, Population Division. Retrieved\u00a017 July\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_243-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Download\/Files\/1_Indicators%20(Standard)\/EXCEL_FILES\/1_General\/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx\">&#8220;World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950\u20132100&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(XSLX)\u00a0(&#8220;Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)&#8221;).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs<\/a>, Population Division. Retrieved\u00a017 July\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-People_and_Society:_Population22_244-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-People_and_Society:_Population22_244-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;People and Society: Population&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The World Fact Book<\/em>. Central Intelligence Agency.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a017 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-IEApop20112_245-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iea.org\/co2highlights\/co2Highlights.XLS\">CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091012151137\/http:\/\/www.iea.org\/co2highlights\/co2Highlights.XLS\">Archived<\/a>\u00a012 October 2009 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Population 1971\u20132008 IEA\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/iea.org\/co2highlights\/co2highlights.pdf\">pdf<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120106205757\/http:\/\/iea.org\/co2highlights\/co2highlights.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a06 January 2012 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0pp. 83\u201385<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-246\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Dunne, Daisy (17 February 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/the-carbon-brief-profile-nigeria\/\">&#8220;The Carbon Brief Profile: Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Carbon Brief<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200825081628\/https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/the-carbon-brief-profile-nigeria\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a024 February\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto12_247-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/data\">&#8220;Human Development Data (1990\u20132017)&#8221;<\/a>. United Nations Development Programme.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101102154237\/http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/data\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved\u00a017 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-248\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180309144042\/http:\/\/www.yorubanation.org\/\">&#8220;Egbe Omo Yoruba, National Association of Yoruba descendants in North America&#8221;<\/a>. yorubanation.org. 19 May 2007. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.yorubanation.org\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 March 2018. Retrieved\u00a029 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-249\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kent, Mary Mederios; Haub, Carl (December 2005).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110426083256\/http:\/\/www.prb.org\/Articles\/2005\/TheDemographicDivideWhatItIsandWhyItMatters.aspx\">&#8220;The Demographic Divide: What It Is and Why It Matters&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Population_Reference_Bureau\">Population Reference Bureau<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.prb.org\/Articles\/2005\/TheDemographicDivideWhatItIsandWhyItMatters.aspx\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 April 2011. Retrieved\u00a06 June\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-250\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McDonald, John F.; McMillen, Daniel P. (2010).\u00a0<em>Urban Economics and Real Estate: Theory and Policy<\/em>. Wiley Desktop Editions (2\u00a0ed.). John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.\u00a09.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-470-59148-2\"><bdi>978-0-470-59148-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Major_Urban_Areas:_Population_251-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Major Urban Areas: Population&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The World Fact Book<\/em>. Central Intelligence Agency.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a017 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-NGeo_252-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Nigeria&#8221; in\u00a0<em>Geographica: The complete Atlas of the world<\/em>, Random House, 2002,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-375-72037-5\"><bdi>0-375-72037-5<\/bdi><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-253\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lewis, Peter (2007).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&amp;pg=PA132\"><em>Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria<\/em><\/a>. University of Michigan Press. p.\u00a0132.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-472-06980-4\"><bdi>978-0-472-06980-4<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041237\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&amp;pg=PA132#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-254\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Suberu, Rotimi T. (2001).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=WKeUMmDlPkEC&amp;pg=PA154\"><em>Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria<\/em><\/a>. US Institute of Peace Press. p.\u00a0154.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-929223-28-2\"><bdi>978-1-929223-28-2<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041216\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=WKeUMmDlPkEC&amp;pg=PA154\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-255\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Politzer, Malia (August 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.migrationinformation.org\/Feature\/display.cfm?id=690\">&#8220;China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration&#8221;<\/a>. Migration Information Source.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140129114909\/http:\/\/www.migrationinformation.org\/Feature\/display.cfm?id=690\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved\u00a07 June\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-256\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Simpson, Sarah (August 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/2008\/0502\/p04s01-woaf.html\">&#8220;Why white Zimbabwean farmers plan to stay in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Christian_Science_Monitor\">The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080504072806\/http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/2008\/0502\/p04s01-woaf.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved\u00a07 June\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-257\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ebihard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Ethnologue: Languages of the World<\/em>\u00a0(22th\u00a0ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International Publications.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190912022921\/https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/country\/NG\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 September 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-258\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-africa-40975399\">&#8220;BBC starts Pidgin digital service for West Africa audiences&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News\">BBC News<\/a><\/em>. 21 August 2017. Retrieved\u00a016 February\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-259\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Adegbija, Efurosibina E. (2003).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=auI_WuBrWncC&amp;pg=PA55\"><em>Multilingualism: A Nigerian Case Study<\/em><\/a>. Last paragraph: Africa World Press. p.\u00a055.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-59221-173-9\"><bdi>978-1-59221-173-9<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041223\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=auI_WuBrWncC&amp;pg=PA55#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a026 December\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-260\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/#people-and-society\/\">&#8220;The World Factbook \u2013 Central Intelligence Agency&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.cia.gov<\/em>. 7 August 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Cia_19_261-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0CIA Factbook: Nigeria\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190110080854\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/resources\/the-world-factbook\/fields\/401.html\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0(retrieved 9 May 2020)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-262\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McKinnon, Andrew (2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13644-021-00450-5?platform=hootsuite\">&#8220;Christians, Muslims and Traditional Worshippers in Nigeria: Estimating the Relative Proportions from Eleven Nationally Representative Social Surveys&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Review of Religious Research<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>63<\/strong>\u00a0(2):\u00a0303\u2013315.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs13644-021-00450-5\">10.1007\/s13644-021-00450-5<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_(identifier)\">hdl<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2164%2F16008\">2164\/16008<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:233821494\">233821494<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210531120236\/https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13644-021-00450-5?platform=hootsuite\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a010 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-263\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Chitando, Ezra (editor: Afe Adogame),\u00a0<em>African Traditions in the Study of Religion, Diaspora and Gendered Societies<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>\u00a0(2016), p. 31,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781317184188\"><bdi>9781317184188<\/bdi><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VMjeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA31\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041224\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VMjeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA31#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Archived<\/a>\u00a027 June 2024 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Pew_Forum_on_Religion2_264-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130101080244\/http:\/\/features.pewforum.org\/grl\/population-percentage.php\">&#8220;Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Pew Research Center&#8217;s Religion &amp; Public Life Project<\/em>. 18 December 2012. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/features.pewforum.org\/grl\/population-percentage.php\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 1 January 2013. Retrieved\u00a09 August\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-265\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Diamant, Jeff (April 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">&#8220;The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210118120245\/https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 November\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-auto2_266-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181016175434\/http:\/\/www.thearda.com\/internationalData\/countries\/Country_166_2.asp\">&#8220;Religious Adherents, 2010 \u2013 Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. World Christian Database. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thearda.com\/internationalData\/countries\/Country_166_2.asp\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 16 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Regional_Distribution_of_Christians2_267-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2011\/12\/19\/global-christianity-regions\/\">&#8220;Regional Distribution of Christians&#8221;<\/a>. Pewforum.org. 19 December 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130801012932\/http:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2011\/12\/19\/global-christianity-regions\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-268\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2012\/12\/18\/global-religious-landscape-muslim\/Regional\">&#8220;Distribution of Christians&#8221;<\/a>. 4 June 2013.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot\">permanent dead link<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-269\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2011\/01\/27\/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population\/\">&#8220;The Future of the Global Muslim Population&#8221;<\/a>. Pewforum.org. 27 January 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181224211126\/http:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2011\/01\/27\/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved\u00a028 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-270\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\/\">&#8220;Nigeria \u2013 The World Factbook&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CIA\">CIA<\/a><\/em>. 6 February 2024.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210109223449\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-271\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/view-large\/35408497\">&#8220;Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim\u2013Christian relations in south-west Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. Academic.oup.com.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220930220115\/https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/view-large\/35408497\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 February\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-272\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140306085141\/http:\/\/www.thenationonlineng.net\/2011\/index.php\/columnist\/thursday\/jide-osuntokun\/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html\">&#8220;Nigeria: a secular or multi-religious state \u2013 2&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenationonlineng.net\/2011\/index.php\/columnist\/thursday\/jide-osuntokun\/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 6 March 2014. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-273\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120229202021\/http:\/\/www.nasarawastate.org\/newsday\/news\/culture\/11129114540.html\">&#8220;The Middle Belt: History and politics&#8221;<\/a>. Nasarawastate.org. 29 November 2004. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasarawastate.org\/newsday\/news\/culture\/11129114540.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 29 February 2012. Retrieved\u00a013 March\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-274\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Akhtar, Rais (1991),\u00a0<em>Health Care Patterns and Planning in Developing Countries<\/em>, Greenwood Press, p. 264.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-275\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061128203803\/http:\/\/www.eldis.org\/healthsystems\/userfees\/background.htm\">&#8220;User fees for health: a background&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldis.org\/healthsystems\/userfees\/background.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 28 November 2006. Retrieved\u00a028 December\u00a02006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-276\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070828093311\/http:\/\/heapol.oxfordjournals.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/17\/4\/378\">&#8220;Effect of the Bamako-Initiative drug revolving fund on availability and rational use of essential drugs in primary health care facilities in south-east Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/heapol.oxfordjournals.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/17\/4\/378\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 28 August 2007. Retrieved\u00a028 December\u00a02006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:13_277-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:13_277-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/malaria-disease-a-worrisome-health-challenge-in-nigeria\">&#8220;Malaria Disease: A Worrisome Health Challenge in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NOIPolls<\/em>. 15 May 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230707163906\/https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/malaria-disease-a-worrisome-health-challenge-in-nigeria\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-278\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/kncvnigeria.org\/nigeria-is-among-the-14-high-burden-countries-for-tb\/\">&#8220;Nigeria is among the 14 high burden countries for TB &#8211; KNCV Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>. 31 December 2019. Retrieved\u00a028 March\u00a02025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:0_279-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:0_279-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/countries\/profiles\/NGA\">&#8220;| Human Development Reports&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>hdr.undp.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210201161539\/http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/countries\/profiles\/NGA\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a04 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-280\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.countdown2030.org\/#\/cp\/NGA\">&#8220;Countdown Country Profiles&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>profiles.countdown2030.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201202065727\/https:\/\/profiles.countdown2030.org\/#\/cp\/NGA\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved\u00a04 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-281\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=NG\">&#8220;Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) \u2013 Nigeria | Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>data.worldbank.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210307152327\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=NG\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a04 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-McNeil_282-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McNeil, Donald (11 May 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/05\/12\/health\/a-match-and-a-mission-helping-blacks-battle-cancer.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=all\">&#8220;Finding a Match, and a Mission: Helping Blacks Survive Cancer&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170411030631\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/05\/12\/health\/a-match-and-a-mission-helping-blacks-battle-cancer.html?_r=1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved\u00a015 May\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Matt_Schiavenza_283-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Schiavenza, Matt (14 October 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2014\/10\/why-nigeria-stopped-ebola-but-not-boko-haram\/381442\/\">&#8220;Why Nigeria Was Able to Beat Ebola, but Not Boko Haram&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Atlantic<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210126135605\/https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2014\/10\/why-nigeria-stopped-ebola-but-not-boko-haram\/381442\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a017 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-The_Punch_284-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141205124719\/http:\/\/www.punchng.com\/news\/us-sends-medical-experts-to-study-how-nigeria-contained-ebola\/\">&#8220;US sends experts to study Nigeria&#8217;s anti-Ebola strategies&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Punch<\/em>. 3 October 2014. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.punchng.com\/news\/us-sends-medical-experts-to-study-how-nigeria-contained-ebola\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 5 December 2014. Retrieved\u00a08 May\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Vanguard_285-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Odiogor, Hugo (2 October 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2014\/10\/us-sends-medical-experts-study-nigeria-tamed-ebola\/\">&#8220;US sends medical experts to study how Nigeria tamed Ebola&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Vanguard<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201112035212\/https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2014\/10\/us-sends-medical-experts-study-nigeria-tamed-ebola\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved\u00a08 May\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-286\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Anekwe, Mike Chinedu (April 2003).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110527134510\/http:\/\/www.nigerdeltacongress.com\/barticles\/brain_drain_the_nigerian_experie.htm\">&#8220;BRAIN DRAIN: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE (1)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niger_Delta_Congress\">Niger Delta Congress<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nigerdeltacongress.com\/barticles\/brain_drain_the_nigerian_experie.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a07 June\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-CP2006_287-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-CP2006_287-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lcweb2.loc.gov\/frd\/cs\/profiles\/Nigeria.pdf\">&#8220;Country Profile \u2013 Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Library_of_Congress\">United States Library of Congress<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Federal Research Division. July 2008.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080527194855\/http:\/\/lcweb2.loc.gov\/frd\/cs\/profiles\/Nigeria.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-288\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/nigeria\/education\">&#8220;Education | UNICEF Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.unicef.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240126083302\/https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/nigeria\/education\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved\u00a018 January\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-289\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization\">World Intellectual Property Organization<\/a>\u00a0(2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/web-publications\/global-innovation-index-2024\/en\/\"><em>Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship<\/em><\/a>. Geneva. p.\u00a018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34667%2Ftind.50062\">10.34667\/tind.50062<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-805-3681-2\"><bdi>978-92-805-3681-2<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a022 October\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:14_290-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:14_290-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-:14_290-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/7-in-10-nigerians-find-state-of-security-dreadful\">&#8220;7 In 10 Nigerians find &#8220;state of security&#8221; dreadful&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>noi-polls.com<\/em>. 27 May 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231004023643\/https:\/\/www.noi-polls.com\/post\/7-in-10-nigerians-find-state-of-security-dreadful\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a03 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-291\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/nigeria\/nigeria-security-tracker\/p29483\">&#8220;Nigeria Security Tracker&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Council on Foreign Relations<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181115063510\/https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/nigeria\/nigeria-security-tracker\/p29483\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved\u00a01 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-292\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Igwe, Uchenna (17 January 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2023\/jan\/17\/nigeria-pirates-switch-targets-from-ships-to-shore\">&#8220;Murder, kidnapping and arson: Nigerian pirates switch targets from ships to shore&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0261-3077\">0261-3077<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240627041232\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2023\/jan\/17\/nigeria-pirates-switch-targets-from-ships-to-shore\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a04 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-293\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.occ.gov\/topics\/consumers-and-communities\/consumer-protection\/fraud-resources\/types-of-consumer-fraud.html#nigerian\">&#8220;Types of Consumer Fraud&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_the_Comptroller_of_the_Currency\">Office of the Comptroller of the Currency<\/a>. 6 April 2019. Retrieved\u00a01 September\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-294\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efccnigeria.org\/efcc\/about-efcc\/the-establishment-act\">&#8220;The Establishment Act&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_and_Financial_Crimes_Commission\">Economic and Financial Crimes Commission<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210625141718\/https:\/\/www.efccnigeria.org\/efcc\/about-efcc\/the-establishment-act\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved\u00a01 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-295\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Sanni, Kunle (4 January 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/more-news\/574055-efcc-secures-3785-convictions-in-2022.html\">&#8220;EFCC secures 3,785 convictions in 2022&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231005041037\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/more-news\/574055-efcc-secures-3785-convictions-in-2022.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-296\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Agbana, Rotimi (20 May 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/punchng.com\/corrupt-politicians-planning-to-flee-before-may-29-efcc\/\">&#8220;Corrupt politicians planning to flee before May 29 \u2013 EFCC&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Punch Newspapers<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231005041036\/https:\/\/punchng.com\/corrupt-politicians-planning-to-flee-before-may-29-efcc\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-297\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/15\/nigerias-president-tinubu-suspends-anti-corruption-agency-head\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s President Tinubu suspends anti-corruption agency head&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231005041036\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/15\/nigerias-president-tinubu-suspends-anti-corruption-agency-head\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-298\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.DDAY?end=2017&amp;locations=NG&amp;start=1985\">&#8220;Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) \u2013 Nigeria | Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>data.worldbank.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220928132013\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.DDAY?end=2017&amp;locations=NG&amp;start=1985\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-299\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Olawoyin, Oladeinde (30 March 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/headlines\/520849-number-of-poor-people-in-nigeria-to-reach-95-million-in-2022-world-bank.html\">&#8220;Number of poor people in Nigeria to reach 95 million in 2022 \u2013 World Bank&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Premium Times Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221012074437\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/headlines\/520849-number-of-poor-people-in-nigeria-to-reach-95-million-in-2022-world-bank.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-300\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2022\/03\/21\/afw-deep-structural-reforms-guided-by-evidence-are-urgently-needed-to-lift-millions-of-nigerians-out-of-poverty\">&#8220;Nigeria Poverty Assessment&#8221;<\/a>. World Bank.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221011134326\/https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2022\/03\/21\/afw-deep-structural-reforms-guided-by-evidence-are-urgently-needed-to-lift-millions-of-nigerians-out-of-poverty\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-301\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2019\/09\/16\/official-us-poverty-rate-is-based-hopelessly-out-of-date-metric\/\">&#8220;Perspective | The official U.S. poverty rate is based on a hopelessly out-of-date metric&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Washington Post<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0190-8286\">0190-8286<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230531021450\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2019\/09\/16\/official-us-poverty-rate-is-based-hopelessly-out-of-date-metric\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-302\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.numerade.com\/questions\/why-is-it-difficult-to-determine-a-universal-poverty-threshold\/\">&#8220;SOLVED:Why is it difficult to determine a universal poverty threshold?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>numerade.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221012071029\/https:\/\/www.numerade.com\/questions\/why-is-it-difficult-to-determine-a-universal-poverty-threshold\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-303\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/punchng.com\/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma\/\">&#8220;92% of Nigerian adult males own mobile device, says GSMA&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Punch Newspapers<\/em>. 26 June 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220819153505\/https:\/\/punchng.com\/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved\u00a012 October\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-StateDeptHumanRights2_304-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-StateDeptHumanRights2_304-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090226175315\/http:\/\/www.state.gov\/g\/drl\/rls\/hrrpt\/2008\/af\/119018.htm\">&#8220;2008 Human Rights Report: Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices<\/em>. United States, Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 25 February 2009. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/g\/drl\/rls\/hrrpt\/2008\/af\/119018.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 February 2009. Retrieved\u00a020 March\u00a02009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-305\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hrbodies\/cedaw\/pages\/cedawindex.aspx\">&#8220;OHCHR | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ohchr.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210301183748\/https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CEDAW\/Pages\/CEDAWIndex.aspx\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a02 March\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-306\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Guilbert, Kieran (17 March 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nigeria-women-lawmaking-idUSKCN0WJ2L4\">&#8220;Failure to pass equality bill betrays Nigerian women, activists say&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201025232111\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nigeria-women-lawmaking-idUSKCN0WJ2L4\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved\u00a01 July\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-307\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/50b4ab202.html\">&#8220;Refworld \u2013 Nigeria: Prevalence of forced marriage, particularly in Muslim and Yoruba communities; information on legislation, including state protection; ability of women to refuse a forced marriage&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210224191703\/https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/50b4ab202.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a014 October\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-308\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mark, Monica (2 September 2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2013\/sep\/02\/nigeria-child-brides-religion\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s child brides: &#8216;I thought being in labour would never end'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian\">The Guardian<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210301091348\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2013\/sep\/02\/nigeria-child-brides-religion\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-309\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Clarke, Joe Sandler (11 March 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development-professionals-network\/2015\/mar\/11\/the-tragedy-of-nigerias-child-brides\">&#8220;Nigeria: Child brides facing death sentences a decade after child marriage prohibited&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210225035118\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development-professionals-network\/2015\/mar\/11\/the-tragedy-of-nigerias-child-brides\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a014 October\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-310\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lola_Shoneyin\">Shoneyin, Lola<\/a>\u00a0(19 March 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/mar\/20\/polygamy-nigeria-abuja-tradition\">&#8220;Polygamy? No thanks&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130909180216\/http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/mar\/20\/polygamy-nigeria-abuja-tradition\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-311\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Aluko, Bioye Tajudeen &amp; Amidu, Abdul\u2013Rasheed (2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fig.net\/resources\/proceedings\/fig_proceedings\/accra\/papers\/ts09\/ts09_04_aluko_amidu.pdf\">&#8220;Women and Land Rights Reforms in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). 5th FIG Regional Conference.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210126044618\/https:\/\/www.fig.net\/resources\/proceedings\/fig_proceedings\/accra\/papers\/ts09\/ts09_04_aluko_amidu.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-312\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SH.STA.MMRT\">&#8220;Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) | Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>data.worldbank.org<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210214211400\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SH.STA.MMRT\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a02 March\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-313\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Topping, Alexandra (29 May 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/29\/outlawing-fgm-nigeria-hugely-important-precedent-say-campaigners\">&#8220;Nigeria&#8217;s female genital mutilation ban is important precedent, say campaigners&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210205184606\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/29\/outlawing-fgm-nigeria-hugely-important-precedent-say-campaigners\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a014 October\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-314\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Oduah, Chika (11 June 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2015\/6\/11\/in-nigeria-neglected-women-bear-the-shame-of-fistulas.html\">&#8220;In Nigeria, neglected women bear the shame of fistulas&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>america.aljazeera.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210224033157\/http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2015\/6\/11\/in-nigeria-neglected-women-bear-the-shame-of-fistulas.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-315\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radionetherlandsarchives.org\/the-dutch-doctor-and-the-river-spirit\/\">&#8220;The Dutch doctor and the river spirit&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Radio Netherlands Archives<\/em>. 6 March 2002.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210224192825\/http:\/\/www.radionetherlandsarchives.org\/the-dutch-doctor-and-the-river-spirit\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-316\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ajayi, Kunle (2007). &#8220;Gender Self-Endangering: The Sexist Issue in Nigerian Politics&#8221;.\u00a0<em>The Social Science Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>14<\/strong>:\u00a0137\u2013147 \u2013 via Department of Political Science, University of Ado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-317\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Epiphany Azinge, &#8220;The Right to Vote in Nigeria: A Critical Commentary on the Open Ballot System,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Journal of African Law<\/em>, Vol. 38, No. 2 (1994), pp. 173\u2013180.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Ajayi,_Kunle_200723_318-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Ajayi,_Kunle_200723_318-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ajayi, Kunle (2007). &#8220;Gender Self-Endangering: The Sexist Issue in Nigerian Politics&#8221;.\u00a0<em>The Social Science Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>14<\/strong>\u00a0(137\u2013147 &amp;#x2013) \u2013 via Department of Political Science, University of Ado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-319\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Fapohunda, Tinuke M (1 January 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258344067\">&#8220;Women and the Informal Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Development&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>4<\/strong>\u00a0(1).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2046-9578\">2046-9578<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804222517\/https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258344067\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a014 October\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-320\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bearak, Max; Cameron, Darla (16 June 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2016\/06\/13\/here-are-the-10-countries-where-homosexuality-may-be-punished-by-death-2\/\">&#8220;Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Washington Post<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210623062213\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2016\/06\/13\/here-are-the-10-countries-where-homosexuality-may-be-punished-by-death-2\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-UKtravel2_321-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110524133652\/http:\/\/www.fco.gov.uk\/en\/travel-and-living-abroad\/travel-advice-by-country\/sub-saharan-africa\/nigeria?ta=lawsCustoms&amp;pg=3\">&#8220;Sub Saharan Africa, Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Travel advice by country<\/em>. United Kingdom, Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office. 20 March 2009. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fco.gov.uk\/en\/travel-and-living-abroad\/travel-advice-by-country\/sub-saharan-africa\/nigeria?ta=lawsCustoms&amp;pg=3\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 24 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a020 March\u00a02009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-pewglobal.org2_322-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/2013\/06\/04\/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality\/\">&#8220;The Global Divide on Homosexuality&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>pewglobal<\/em>. 4 June 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131103034522\/http:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/2013\/06\/04\/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a06 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-323\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/nigeria-country-policy-and-information-notes\/country-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-or-expression-nigeria-february-2022-accessible-version#general-treatment-by-state-and-non-state-actors\">&#8220;Country policy and information note: sexual orientation and gender identity or expression, Nigeria, February 2022 (accessible version)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Gov.uk<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231012014659\/https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/nigeria-country-policy-and-information-notes\/country-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-or-expression-nigeria-february-2022-accessible-version#general-treatment-by-state-and-non-state-actors\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a010 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-324\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hansford, Amelia (5 September 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepinknews.com\/2023\/09\/05\/nigeria-alleged-gay-wedding\/\">&#8220;More than 60 people remanded in jail for attending alleged gay wedding in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>PinkNews<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231012014659\/https:\/\/www.thepinknews.com\/2023\/09\/05\/nigeria-alleged-gay-wedding\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a010 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-theconversation_325-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-theconversation_325-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-theconversation_325-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-theconversation_325-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-theconversation_325-4\"><sup><em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/100-years-of-pop-music-in-nigeria-what-shaped-four-eras-181298\">&#8220;100 years of pop music in Nigeria: What shaped four eras&#8221;<\/a>. 14 July 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231016041348\/https:\/\/theconversation.com\/100-years-of-pop-music-in-nigeria-what-shaped-four-eras-181298\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-sunng_326-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-sunng_326-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-sunng_326-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-sunng_326-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sunnewsonline.com\/nigerians-and-their-music-a-historical-perspective\/?amp\">&#8220;Nigerians and their music: A historical perspective&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Sun Nigeria<\/em>. 10 March 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231016042850\/https:\/\/sunnewsonline.com\/nigerians-and-their-music-a-historical-perspective\/?amp\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-327\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/artist\/william-onyeabor-mn0000683943\">&#8220;William Onyeabor Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio &amp; More&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>AllMusic<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231031063653\/https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/artist\/william-onyeabor-mn0000683943\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a016 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-328\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Oluwafemi, Taiwo (20 February 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tooxclusive.com\/2face-dbanj-p-square-who-was-the-biggest-artiste-of-their-era\/\">&#8220;2face, D&#8217;banj, P-Square \u2013 Who Was The Biggest Artiste Of Their Era?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>tooXclusive<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231016041349\/https:\/\/tooxclusive.com\/2face-dbanj-p-square-who-was-the-biggest-artiste-of-their-era\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-329\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Azeez, Makinde (8 September 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.naijaloaded.com.ng\/entertainment\/2baba-dbanj-and-psquare-which-one-of-them-is-worth-calling-a-musical-legend\">&#8220;2Baba, D&#8217;banj And Psquare \u2013 Which One Of Them Is Worth Calling A Musical Legend?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Naijaloaded<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231016041350\/https:\/\/www.naijaloaded.com.ng\/entertainment\/2baba-dbanj-and-psquare-which-one-of-them-is-worth-calling-a-musical-legend\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-330\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0HOPKID (25 April 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/naijasureguys.com.ng\/psquare-paved-the-way-for-afrobeat-not-dbanj-or-2face\/\">&#8220;PSquare Paved The Way For Afrobeat Not D&#8217;banj or 2face&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>THE NSG<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231016041349\/https:\/\/naijasureguys.com.ng\/psquare-paved-the-way-for-afrobeat-not-dbanj-or-2face\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-331\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081209102925\/http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2008\/SHOWBIZ\/Music\/11\/22\/MTV.Africa.ap\/index.html\">&#8220;AP\/CNN: MTV launches first-ever African music award show&#8221;<\/a>. CNN. 22 November 2008. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2008\/SHOWBIZ\/Music\/11\/22\/MTV.Africa.ap\/index.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 December 2008. Retrieved\u00a026 November\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Top_20_films_9th_15th_April_2021_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria_332-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ceanigeria.com\/box-office\/206-top-20-films-report-9th-15th-april-2021\">&#8220;Top 20 Films Report 9th\u201315th April 2021&#8221;<\/a>. Nigeria: CEAN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210420090341\/https:\/\/www.ceanigeria.com\/box-office\/206-top-20-films-report-9th-15th-april-2021\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a010 August\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-333\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/christmas-specials\/2010\/12\/16\/lights-camera-africa?story_id=17723124&amp;CFID=153287426&amp;CFTOKEN=59754693\">&#8220;Lights, camera, Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Economist<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0013-0613\">0013-0613<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201112031741\/https:\/\/www.economist.com\/christmas-specials\/2010\/12\/16\/lights-camera-africa?story_id=17723124&amp;CFID=153287426&amp;CFTOKEN=59754693\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved\u00a012 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Thorburn,_Jane2_334-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Thorburn, Jane.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.janethorburn.co.uk\/nollywood2DoingItRight.html#pixsmall48adfc\">&#8220;NOLLYWOOD 2 Doing It Right&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160311052908\/http:\/\/www.janethorburn.co.uk\/nollywood2DoingItRight.html#pixsmall48adfc\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved\u00a018 February\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-The_Economist2_335-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/baobab\/2014\/07\/nigerian-films-try-move-upmarket\">&#8220;Nigerian films try to move upmarket: Nollywood&#8217;s new scoreboard&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Economist<\/em>. 17 July 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180209134216\/https:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/baobab\/2014\/07\/nigerian-films-try-move-upmarket\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a020 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-336\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Akande, Victor (14 September 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thenationonlineng.net\/new\/toronto-nigerians-disagree-over-new-nollywood\/\">&#8220;Toronto: Nigerians disagree over new Nollywood&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Nation Newspaper<\/em>. The Nation Online.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130922123311\/http:\/\/thenationonlineng.net\/new\/toronto-nigerians-disagree-over-new-nollywood\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a024 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-337\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Liston, Enjoli (10 April 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/apr\/10\/nigeria-africa-biggest-economy-nollywood\">&#8220;Hello Nollywood: how Nigeria became Africa&#8217;s biggest economy overnight&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian Newspaper<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140412020045\/http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/apr\/10\/nigeria-africa-biggest-economy-nollywood\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 April 2014. Retrieved\u00a012 April\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-338\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hazlewood, Phil (7 April 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140413145853\/http:\/\/www.sowetanlive.co.za\/news\/world\/2014\/04\/07\/nollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt\">&#8220;Nollywood helps Nigeria kick South Africa&#8217;s economic butt&#8221;<\/a>. Sowetan Live. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sowetanlive.co.za\/news\/world\/2014\/04\/07\/nollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 13 April 2014. Retrieved\u00a012 April\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-339\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Manasa, Makweembo (11 February 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100710080804\/http:\/\/www.zambianwatchdog.com\/2010\/02\/11\/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst\/\">&#8220;TB Joshua \u2013 21st Century Prophet in Our Midst?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Zambian Watchdog<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zambianwatchdog.com\/2010\/02\/11\/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 10 July 2010. Retrieved\u00a08 September\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-OnlineNigeria2_340-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenigeria.com\/festivals\/\">&#8220;Festivals in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Online Nigeria<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111116020515\/http:\/\/www.onlinenigeria.com\/festivals\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved\u00a026 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-Oxford20102_341-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VFONkYzHco8C&amp;pg=PA243\">&#8220;Patchwork of Celebration&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Report: Nigeria 2010<\/em>. Oxford Business Group. p.\u00a0243.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-907065-14-9\"><bdi>978-1-907065-14-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-342\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Anthonio, H.O. and Isoun, M. (1982),\u00a0<em>Nigerian Cookbook<\/em>, Macmillan, Lagos,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-333-32698-9\"><bdi>0-333-32698-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-343\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0None (11 June 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stearsng.com\/article\/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry\/\">&#8220;The state of Nigeria&#8217;s Fashion Industry&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>stearsng.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220617020333\/https:\/\/www.stearsng.com\/article\/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a019 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-344\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120826193254\/http:\/\/www.africabasket.com\/Nigeria\/basketball.asp\">&#8220;Nigerian Basketball&#8221;<\/a>. Africabasket.com. 2011. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.africabasket.com\/Nigeria\/basketball.asp\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 August 2012. Retrieved\u00a07 June\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-345\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Selbe, Nick (10 July 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/olympics\/2021\/07\/11\/team-usa-upset-nigeria-tokyo-games-mens-basketball-exhibition-olympics\">&#8220;Nigeria Upsets Team USA in Pre-Olympics Exhibition&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_Illustrated\">Sports Illustrated<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230406070355\/https:\/\/www.si.com\/olympics\/2021\/07\/11\/team-usa-upset-nigeria-tokyo-games-mens-basketball-exhibition-olympics\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved\u00a028 August\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-346\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120710072346\/http:\/\/www.fiba.com\/pages\/eng\/fc\/news\/lateNews\/p\/newsid\/52642\/arti.html\">OQTM \u2013 Nigeria celebrates &#8216;greatest&#8217; victory<\/a>, fiba.com, accessed 16 December 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-347\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nxumalo, Lee (20 December 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210116062357\/https:\/\/www.newframe.com\/basketballs-next-frontier-is-africa\/\">&#8220;Basketball&#8217;s next frontier is Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>New Frame<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newframe.com\/basketballs-next-frontier-is-africa\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 16 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a011 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-348\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Udoh, Colin (17 November 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.co.uk\/espn\/story\/_\/id\/21430137\/nigeria-bobsled-women-qualify-winter-olympics\">&#8220;Nigeria bobsled women qualify for Winter Olympics&#8221;<\/a>. ESPN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201125155358\/https:\/\/www.espn.co.uk\/espn\/story\/_\/id\/21430137\/nigeria-bobsled-women-qualify-winter-olympics\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved\u00a029 January\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-349\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2017\/11\/30\/why-nigeria-produces-scrabble-champions?zid=319&amp;ah=17af09b0281b01505c226b1e574f5cc1\">&#8220;Why Nigeria produces Scrabble champions&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Economist<\/em>. 30 November 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201203174451\/https:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2017\/11\/30\/why-nigeria-produces-scrabble-champions?zid=319&amp;ah=17af09b0281b01505c226b1e574f5cc1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved\u00a030 November\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-350\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230607182418\/https:\/\/worldcurling.org\/2020\/06\/nigeria-rink\/\">&#8220;First African curling facility begins development in Nigeria&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Curling_Federation\">World Curling Federation<\/a>. 18 June 2020. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/worldcurling.org\/2020\/06\/nigeria-rink\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 7 June 2023. Retrieved\u00a01 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-351\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fivb.com\/en\/about\/news\/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414\">&#8220;Continental Cup Finals start in Africa&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FIVB\">FIVB<\/a>. 22 June 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210807141038\/https:\/\/www.fivb.com\/en\/about\/news\/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-352\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunnewsonline.com\/beach-volleyball-team-nigeria-lands-in-cape-verde\/\">&#8220;Beach Volleyball: Team Nigeria lands in Cape Verde&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Sun_(Nigeria)\">The Sun (Nigeria)<\/a><\/em>. 25 February 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210829153543\/https:\/\/www.sunnewsonline.com\/beach-volleyball-team-nigeria-lands-in-cape-verde\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria#cite_ref-353\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.topendsports.com\/sport\/new\/loofball.htm\">&#8220;About Loofball&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>topendsports.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230531105739\/https:\/\/www.topendsports.com\/sport\/new\/loofball.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a03 May\u00a02023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bibliography\">3.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | Bibliography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Derfler, Leslie (2011).\u00a0<em>The Fall and Rise of Political Leaders: Olof Palme, Olusegun Obasanjo, and Indira Gandhi<\/em>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1349290512\"><bdi>978-1349290512<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Iliffe_(historian)\">Iliffe, John<\/a>\u00a0(2011).\u00a0<em>Obasanjo, Nigeria and the World<\/em>. Boydell &amp; Brewer.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781847010278\"><bdi>9781847010278<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7722\/j.ctt81pgm\">10.7722\/j.ctt81pgm<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/796383923\">796383923<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shillington, Kevin (2005).\u00a0<em>History of Africa<\/em>\u00a0(2nd\u00a0ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780333599570\"><bdi>9780333599570<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\">4. \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-imf2_1-0\">\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\uff1a<sup><strong>1.0<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-imf2_1-1\"><sup><strong>1.1<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-imf2_1-2\"><sup><strong>1.2<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-imf2_1-3\"><sup><strong>1.3<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220604022051\/https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2022\/April\/weo-report?c=694,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2027&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1\">Nigeria<\/a>. World Economic Outlook Database.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Monetary_Fund\">International Monetary Fund (IMF)<\/a>. April 2022\u00a0[2022-06-04]. \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2022\/April\/weo-report?c=694,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2027&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2022-06-04\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a01972\u5e744\u67082\u65e5\u524d\u9760\u5de6\u884c\u9a76\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.carmart.ng\/blog\/in-1972-nigeria-switched-from-left-hand-to-right-hand-drive-see-why\">In 1972 Nigeria Switched From Left-Hand To Right-Hand Drive, See WHY<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240215020204\/https:\/\/www.carmart.ng\/blog\/in-1972-nigeria-switched-from-left-hand-to-right-hand-drive-see-why\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-Profile_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Library of Congress \u2013 Federal Research Division.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080527194855\/http:\/\/lcweb2.loc.gov\/frd\/cs\/profiles\/Nigeria.pdf\">Country profile: Nigeria<\/a>\u00a0(PDF): 9. July 2008\u00a0[2011-12-28]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/lcweb2.loc.gov\/frd\/cs\/profiles\/Nigeria.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2008-05-27\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-mcintoshandkeech_4-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215\u2013258 p.: ill.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0The Arabic name\u00a0<em>nahr al-anhur<\/em>\u00a0is a direct translation of the Tuareg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=Niger\"><em>Online Etymological Dictionary<\/em><\/a>. Etymonline.com.\u00a0[2014-07-28]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170702152902\/http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=Niger\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2017-07-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2002-03\/28\/content_335478.htm\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u6982\u51b5<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060423070738\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2002-03\/28\/content_335478.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u8346\u6676\uff0c\u674e\u6000\u6797\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-04\/21\/content_6008794.htm\">\u8be6\u8baf\uff1a\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5f00\u59cb\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090918220715\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-04\/21\/content_6008794.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u674e\u6000\u6797\uff0c\u8346\u6676\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-04\/23\/content_6017456.htm\">\u7b80\u8baf\uff1a\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070502053911\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-04\/23\/content_6017456.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/careersngr.com\/nigeria-police-shortlisted-candidates\/\">\u5b58\u6863\u526f\u672c<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-09-18]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200921125004\/https:\/\/careersngr.com\/nigeria-police-shortlisted-candidates\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-09-21\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81_11-0\">\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\uff1a<sup><strong>11.0<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81_11-1\"><sup><strong>11.1<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cs.mfa.gov.cn\/zggmcg\/ljmdd\/fz_648564\/nrly_651233\/\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>.\u00a0[2020-12-17]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210120043247\/http:\/\/cs.mfa.gov.cn\/zggmcg\/ljmdd\/fz_648564\/nrly_651233\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-20\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Amnesty International Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/eoir\/page\/file\/1168876\/download&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjypYKt4qfuAhUJZcAKHflOA_4QFjASegQIChAB&amp;usg=AOvVaw225OVr6XIURwPLofYYjpU6\">Nigeria\u00a0: Human Rights Agenda<\/a>. Amnesty International Nigeria. 2019 \u2013\u901a\u8fc7Amnesty.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5\">\u5931\u6548\u94fe\u63a5<\/a>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Human Rights Practices for 2012. 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-hrw2015_14-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2015\/country-chapters\/nigeria\">World Report 2015: Nigeria<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F\">\u4eba\u6743\u89c2\u5bdf<\/a>. 2015\u00a0[2023-05-24]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181218205848\/https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2015\/country-chapters\/nigeria\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-12-18\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u5468\u6d77\u971e\u8457. \u6c5f\u6cb3\u6e56\u6d77\u5927\u76d8\u70b9. \u957f\u6625\uff1a\u5409\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8. 2014.04: 110.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-7-5534-3799-6\">ISBN\u00a0978-7-5534-3799-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u674e\u8d85\u7f16. \u5730\u7403\u7684\u8840\u8109 \u6cb3\u6d41\u4e0e\u6e56\u6cca. \u829c\u6e56\uff1a\u5b89\u5fbd\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e. 2012.03: 94.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-7-81141-433-2\">ISBN\u00a0978-7-81141-433-2<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nigeria.mofcom.gov.cn\/article\/ddgk\/zwrenkou\/201701\/20170102499082.shtml\">2015\u5e74\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u52301.83\u4ebf\u4eba<\/a>.\u00a0[2018-03-13]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170712052749\/http:\/\/nigeria.mofcom.gov.cn\/article\/ddgk\/zwrenkou\/201701\/20170102499082.shtml\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2017-07-12\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cup.com.hk\/2017\/07\/03\/africa-global-population-growth\/\">\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u4f9b\u61c9\u5546\uff1a\u975e\u6d32<\/a>.\u00a0[2018-03-13]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190502233545\/https:\/\/www.cup.com.hk\/2017\/07\/03\/africa-global-population-growth\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-05-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/paper.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2014\/9\/303904.shtm\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5c06\u8d85\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>.\u00a0[2018-03-13]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190127205711\/http:\/\/paper.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2014\/9\/303904.shtm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-01-27\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u201c\u4e54\u65af\u201d\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f \u624b\u673a\u5357\u90fd\u7f51\uff0c2010\u5e741\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e8e2010\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\u67e5\u9605\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-pew2010_21-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/uploadedFiles\/Topics\/Religious_Affiliation\/Christian\/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf\">Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World&#8217;s Christian Population<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2015-02-03]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130723134849\/http:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/uploadedFiles\/Topics\/Religious_Affiliation\/Christian\/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2013-07-23\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations<\/a>. Pew Research Center.\u00a0[2020-05-24]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210118120245\/https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/01\/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-01-18\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-Diversity_in_Nigerian_Islam_23-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www3.qeh.ox.ac.uk\/pdf\/nrn\/nrn-pp01.pdf\">Diversity in Nigerian Islam<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2014-04-15]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161229120021\/http:\/\/www3.qeh.ox.ac.uk\/pdf\/nrn\/nrn-pp01.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2016-12-29\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140306085141\/http:\/\/www.thenationonlineng.net\/2011\/index.php\/columnist\/thursday\/jide-osuntokun\/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html\">Nigeria: a secular or multi religious state &#8211; 2<\/a>.\u00a0[2014-04-15]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenationonlineng.net\/2011\/index.php\/columnist\/thursday\/jide-osuntokun\/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2014-03-06\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220127153313\/https:\/\/www.fawco.org\/global-issues\/education\/education-articles\/4623-literacy-in-nigeria-sdg-target-4-6\">Literacy in Nigeria (SDG Target 4.6)<\/a>.\u00a0[2021-09-27]. \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fawco.org\/global-issues\/education\/education-articles\/4623-literacy-in-nigeria-sdg-target-4-6\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2022-01-27\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/473909-major-media-houses-stay-off-twitter-despite-ecowas-court-order.html\">Major Nigerian media houses stay off Twitter, despite ECOWAS Court order<\/a>. Premium Times Nigeria. 2021-07-15\u00a0[2021-07-18]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210804043814\/https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/473909-major-media-houses-stay-off-twitter-despite-ecowas-court-order.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-08-04\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/06\/23\/africa\/nigeria-negotiate-twitter-ban-intl\/index.html\">Nigeria announces talks with Twitter after ban, as Ecowas court bars government crackdown on users<\/a>. CNN. 2021-06-23\u00a0[2021-07-18]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210813135332\/https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/06\/23\/africa\/nigeria-negotiate-twitter-ban-intl\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-08-13\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Further_reading\">5. \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb | Further reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Achebe, Chinua.\u00a0<em>The Trouble with Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(Fourth Dimension, 1983)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dibua, Jeremiah I.\u00a0<em>Modernization and the Crisis of Development in Africa: The Nigerian Experience<\/em>\u00a0(Routledge, 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ekundare, Olufemi R.\u00a0<em>An Economic History of Nigeria 1860\u20131960<\/em>\u00a0(Methuen &amp; Co Ltd, 1973)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Falola, Toyin, and Matthew M. Heaton.\u00a0<em>A History of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(2008)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Falola, Toyin; and Adam Paddock.\u00a0<em>Environment and Economics in Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(2012)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Falola, Toyin, Ann Genova, and Matthew M. Heaton.\u00a0<em>Historical Dictionary of Nigeria<\/em>\u00a0(Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2018)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/shcas.shnu.edu.cn\/_upload\/article\/files\/de\/94\/931b0247425ba03333178c9595d2\/de98fbe8-46c3-487e-b684-9d5ba3760418.pdf\">online<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220401062344\/http:\/\/shcas.shnu.edu.cn\/_upload\/article\/files\/de\/94\/931b0247425ba03333178c9595d2\/de98fbe8-46c3-487e-b684-9d5ba3760418.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a01 April 2022 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hill, Sam (15 January 2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/world\/black-china-africas-first-superpower-is-coming-sooner-than-you-think\/ar-BBYYOwW?ocid=spartanntp\">&#8220;Black China: Africa&#8217;s First Superpower Is Coming Sooner Than You Think&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Newsweek<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200115191214\/https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/world\/black-china-africas-first-superpower-is-coming-sooner-than-you-think\/ar-BBYYOwW%3Focid%3Dspartanntp\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved\u00a015 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jones, Cunliffe-Peter.\u00a0<em>My Nigeria: Five Decades of Independence<\/em>\u00a0(Palgrave Macmillan, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metz, Helen Chapin, ed.\u00a0<em>Nigeria: a country study<\/em>\u00a0(U.S. Library of Congress. Federal Research Division, 1992)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/92009026\/\">online free<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201105154039\/https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/92009026\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a05 November 2020 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>), comprehensive historical and current coverage; not copyright.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shillington, Kevin.\u00a0<em>Encyclopedia of African History<\/em>. (University of Michigan Press, 2005) p.\u00a01401.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"External_links\">6. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 | External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nigeria<\/strong> at Wikipedia&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects\">sister projects<\/a>\u3010\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u59ca\u59b9\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Nigeria\">Definitions<\/a>\u00a0from Wiktionary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\">Media<\/a>\u00a0from Commons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikinews-logo.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Nigeria\">News<\/a>\u00a0from Wikinews<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\">Quotations<\/a>\u00a0from Wikiquote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikisource-logo.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Nigeria\">Texts<\/a>\u00a0from Wikisource<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Nigeria\">Textbooks<\/a>\u00a0from Wikibooks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiversity.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Nigeria\">Resources<\/a>\u00a0from Wikiversity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\">Travel information<\/a>\u00a0from Wikivoyage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nigeria.gov.ng\/\">Official website<\/a>, Government of Federal Republic of Nigeria<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Gnome-globe.svg\/40px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Gnome-globe.svg\/20px-Gnome-globe.svg.png\" alt=\"\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Atlas_of_Nigeria\">Wikimedia Atlas of Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Openstreetmap_logo.svg\/40px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Openstreetmap_logo.svg\/20px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\">\u00a0Geographic data related to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/relation\/192787\">Nigeria<\/a>\u00a0at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenStreetMap\">OpenStreetMap<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.gov.ng\/\">Foreign Affairs of Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ecowap.ecowas.int\/country\/Nigeria\">Nigeria<\/a>\u00a0profile from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ECOWAS\">ECOWAS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/where\/nigeria\/\">News headline links<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al_Jazeera\">Al Jazeera<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/topics\/nigeria\">Nigeria<\/a>, Democracy Now!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13949550\">Nigeria profile<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News\">BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[67,80],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-5679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sub-saharan-africa","category-political-entity-country-or-region","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5679\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}