{"id":956,"date":"2023-08-12T18:12:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-12T10:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=956"},"modified":"2024-05-21T23:06:56","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T15:06:56","slug":"arctic-council-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/08\/12\/arctic-council-en\/","title":{"rendered":"Arctic Council\uff08\u5317\u6781\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff09 &#8211; \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_Council#\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_Council#<\/a><br>\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u539f\u6587\u548c\u8bd1\u6587\u5747\u9075\u5b88<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/https\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/06\/23\/hello-world\/\" target=\"_blank\">CC-BY-SA 4.0\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u6ce8\u6765\u6e90\u5e76\u9075\u5b88\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<cite>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6587\u4e2d\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff08\u5982\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7ad9\u5185\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u3002<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/656095386\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/656095386\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. See also \u53c2\u89c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_Economic_Council\">Arctic Economic Council<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_cooperation_and_politics\">Arctic cooperation and politics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_policy_of_Canada\">Arctic policy of Canada<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Arctic Council Chair 2013\u20132015<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_policy_of_the_United_States\">Arctic policy of the United States<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Arctic Council Chair 2015\u20132017<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antarctic_Treaty_System\">Antarctic Treaty System<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilulissat_Declaration\">Ilulissat Declaration<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Arctic_Science_Committee\">International Arctic Science Committee<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea\">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. References \u5f15\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:1\" class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-about_1-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-about_1-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-about_1-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-about_1-3\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-about_1-4\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/\">&#8220;About the Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>. The Arctic Council. April 7, 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/document-archive\/category\/4-founding-documents\">&#8220;Arctic Council: Founding Documents&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council Document Archive<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;September 5,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Axworthy, Thomas S. (March 29, 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/canada\/2010\/03\/29\/axworthy_canada_bypasses_key_players_in_arctic_meeting.html\">&#8220;Canada bypasses key players in Arctic meeting&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Toronto Star<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;September 5,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Savage, Luiza Ch. (May 13, 2013).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.macleans.ca\/2013\/05\/13\/why-the-world-wants-the-arctic\/\">&#8220;Why everyone wants a piece of the Arctic&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Maclean&#8217;s<\/em>. Rogers Digital Media. Retrieved&nbsp;September 5,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-3\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-4\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-5\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>f<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-6\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>g<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-7\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>h<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Buixade_Farre_2014_5-8\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Buixad\u00e9 Farr\u00e9, Albert; Stephenson, Scott R.; Chen, Linling; Czub, Michael; Dai, Ying; Demchev, Denis; Efimov, Yaroslav; Graczyk, Piotr; Grythe, Henrik; Keil, Kathrin; Kivek\u00e4s, Niku; Kumar, Naresh; Liu, Nengye; Matelenok, Igor; Myksvoll, Mari; O&#8217;Leary, Derek; Olsen, Julia; Pavithran .A.P., Sachin; Petersen, Edward; Raspotnik, Andreas; Ryzhov, Ivan; Solski, Jan; Suo, Lingling; Troein, Caroline; Valeeva, Vilena; van Rijckevorsel, Jaap; Wighting, Jonathan (October 16, 2014).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1088937X.2014.965769\">&#8220;Commercial Arctic shipping through the Northeast Passage: Routes, resources, governance, technology, and infrastructure&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polar_Geography\"><em>Polar Geography<\/em><\/a>.&nbsp;<strong>37<\/strong>&nbsp;(4): 298\u2013324.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1088937X.2014.965769\">10.1080\/1088937X.2014.965769<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Lawson W Brigham (September\u2013October 2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131013051820\/https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2010\/08\/16\/think_again_the_arctic?page=full\">&#8220;Think Again: The Arctic&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Foreign Policy<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2010\/08\/16\/think_again_the_arctic?page=full\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on October 13, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-AMSA_2009_7-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Brigham, L.; McCalla, R.; Cunningham, E.; Barr, W.; VanderZwaag, D.; Chircop, A.; Santos-Pedro, V.M.; MacDonald, R.; Harder, S.; Ellis, B.; Snyder, J.; Huntington, H.; Skjoldal, H.; Gold, M.; Williams, M.; Wojhan, T.; Williams, M.; Falkingham, J. (2009). Brigham, Lawson; Santos-Pedro, V.M.; Juurmaa, K. (eds.).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic.noaa.gov\/detect\/documents\/AMSA_2009_Report_2nd_print.pdf\"><em>Arctic marine shipping assessment (AMSA)<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Norway: Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME), Arctic Council.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160128145221\/http:\/\/www.arctic.noaa.gov\/detect\/documents\/AMSA_2009_Report_2nd_print.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on January 28, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Globe_and_Mail_8-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Koring, Paul (May 12, 2011).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/world\/americas\/arctic-treaty-leaves-much-undecided\/article2017510\/\">&#8220;Arctic treaty leaves much undecided&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Globe_and_Mail\"><em>The Globe and Mail<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;May 13,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/via.ritzau.dk\/pressemeddelelse\/joint-statement-on-arctic-council-cooperation-following-russias-invasion-of-ukraine?publisherId=2012662&amp;releaseId=13645015\">&#8220;Joint Statement on Arctic Council Cooperation following Russia&#8217;s Invasion of Ukraine&#8221;<\/a>. March 3, 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;March 3,&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/politics\/canada-six-other-states-pull-back-from-arctic-council-in-protest-over-ukraine-1.5804272\">&#8220;Canada, six other states pull back from Arctic Council in protest over Ukraine&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>ctvnews.ca<\/em>. March 3, 2022.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220304121942\/https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/politics\/canada-six-other-states-pull-back-from-arctic-council-in-protest-over-ukraine-1.5804272\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on March 4, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Canada, Global Affairs (June 8, 2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/global-affairs\/news\/2022\/06\/joint-statement-on-limited-resumption-of-arctic-council-cooperation.html\">&#8220;Joint statement on limited resumption of Arctic Council cooperation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.canada.ca<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 24,&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Schreiber, Melody (June 8, 2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arctictoday.com\/arctic-council-nations-to-resume-limited-cooperation-without-russia\/\">&#8220;Arctic Council nations to resume limited cooperation \u2014 without Russia&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>ArcticToday<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 24,&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-3\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-4\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-5\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>f<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-6\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>g<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-7\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>h<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-8\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-arcticcouncilobservers_13-9\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>j<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/observers\/\">&#8220;Observers&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council Secretariat (2021). Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 15,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Ghattas, Kim (May 14, 2013).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-us-canada-22528594\">&#8220;Arctic Council: John Kerry steps into Arctic diplomacy&#8221;<\/a>. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-EUAAC_15-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-EUAAC_15-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181117004519\/https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_the_eu_and_the_arctic_council3005\">&#8220;The EU and the Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>. April 20, 2015. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_the_eu_and_the_arctic_council3005\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on November 17, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/turkey\/turkey-raises-profile-to-be-a-polar-power-with-expeditions\/news\">&#8220;Turkey raises profile to be a polar power with expeditions&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daily_Sabah\">Daily Sabah<\/a>. May 21, 2020. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/aia\/\">&#8220;Aleut International Association&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/aac\/\">&#8220;Arctic Athabaskan Council&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/gci\/\">&#8220;Gwich&#8217;in Council International&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/icc\/\">&#8220;Gwich&#8217;in Council International&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/raipon\/\">&#8220;Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/about\/permanent-participants\/saami-council\/\">&#8220;Saami Council&#8221;<\/a>. Arctic Council. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arcticparl.org\/\">&#8220;Arctic Parliamentarians&#8221;<\/a>. Arcticparl.org. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.northernforum.org\/\">&#8220;Northern Forum&#8221;<\/a>. Northern Forum. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-reindeerherders_25-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070928200138\/http:\/\/arcticportal.org\/portal\/icr-new\/assn.-of-world-reindeer-herders\">&#8220;Association of World Reindeer Herders&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/arcticportal.org\/portal\/icr-new\/assn.-of-world-reindeer-herders\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on September 28, 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/our-work2\/8-news-and-events\/462-observer-oceana\">&#8220;The Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/Global\/international\/publications\/climate\/2011\/Press briefing Arctic Council Annual Meeting.pdf\">Press briefing, Arctic Council Annual Meeting, Nuuk May 2011 Stop talking \u2013 start protecting<\/a>&nbsp;2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-HillNotes_28-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-HillNotes_28-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Troniak, Shauna (May 1, 2013).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130629023119\/http:\/\/parl.gc.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2013-20-e.htm\">&#8220;Canada as Chair of the Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>HillNotes<\/em>. Library of Parliament Research Publications. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.parl.gc.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2013-20-e.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on June 29, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 6,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Norway_Chairmanship_29-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/news\/13th-arctic-council-meeting-salekhard\/\">&#8220;Norway Chairs Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;May 12,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/our-work2\/8-news-and-events\/226-canadian-chairmanship-program-2013-2015\">&#8220;Canadian Chairmanship Program 2013\u20132015&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;January 22,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-US_2017_31-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-US_2017_31-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2017\/05\/270816.htm\">&#8220;Secretary Tillerson Chairs 10th Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>U.S. Department of State<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;January 22,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-3\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-4\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-AC_2018_32-5\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>f<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/about-us\/arctic-council\/the-arctic-council-secretariat\">&#8220;Arctic Council Secretariat&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;January 22,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/oaarchive.arctic-council.org\/handle\/11374\/1565\">&#8220;The Kingdom of Denmark. Chairmanship of the Arctic Council 2009\u20132011&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>. April 29, 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanambassadors.org\/publications\/ambassadors-review\/fall-2011\/sweden-assumes-the-chairmanship-of-the-arctic-council\">&#8220;Council of American Ambassadors&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Council of American Ambassadors<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;January 22,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Category: About (April 7, 2011).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130927012035\/http:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/about-us\/arctic-council\/about-arctic-council\">&#8220;The Norwegian, Danish, Swedish common objectives for their Arctic Council chairmanships 2006\u20132013&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/index.php\/en\/about-us\/arctic-council\/about-arctic-council\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on September 27, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/en\/\">&#8220;The Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/um.fi\/finland-s-chairmanship-of-the-arctic-council-in-2017-2019\">&#8220;Finland&#8217;s Chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2017\u20132019&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Ministry for Foreign Affairs<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2012\/05\/189840.htm\">&#8220;Travel of Deputy Secretary Burns to Sweden and Estonia&#8221;<\/a>. State.gov. May 14, 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Secretariat, Arctic Council (2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/oaarchive.arctic-council.org\/handle\/11374\/2168\">&#8220;Arctic Council Secretariat annual report 2017&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arctic-council.org\/news\/introducing-mathieu-parker-the-new-director-of-the-arctic-council-secretariat\/\">&#8220;Introducing Mathieu Parker: The new director of the Arctic Council Secretariat&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Council<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110720000949\/http:\/\/arctic-council.org\/filearchive\/IPS Terms of Reference and Guidelines.pdf\">&#8220;Terms, Reference and Guidelines&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/arctic-council.org\/filearchive\/IPS Terms of Reference and Guidelines.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on July 20, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Arctic Council Secretariat (2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/oaarchive.arctic-council.org\/handle\/11374\/2168\">&#8220;Arctic Council Secretariat annual report 2017&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-amap_43-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amap.no\/\">&#8220;Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme&#8221;<\/a>. Amap.no. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.caff.is\/\">&#8220;Conservation of Arctic Flora &amp; Fauna (CAFF)&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Caff.is<\/em>. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-eppr_45-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/eppr.arctic-council.org\/\">&#8220;Emergency Prevention, Preparedness &amp; Response&#8221;<\/a>. Eppr.arctic-council.org. June 4, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-pame_46-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pame.is\/\">&#8220;Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment&#8221;<\/a>. Pame.is. June 13, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-pame2_47-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arcticportal.org\/page-not-found\">&#8220;Oops! We couldn&#8217;t find this page for you&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Arctic Portal<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-sdwg_48-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130114204240\/http:\/\/portal.sdwg.org\/\">&#8220;Sustainable Development Working Group&#8221;<\/a>. Portal.sdwg.org. August 27, 2013. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/portal.sdwg.org\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on January 14, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/acap.arctic-council.org\/\">&#8220;Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP)&#8221;<\/a>. Acap.arctic-council.org. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/caff.arcticportal.org\/aba\">Arctic Biodiversity Assessment<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110813013012\/http:\/\/caff.arcticportal.org\/aba\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;August 13, 2011, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/world-monde\/international_relations-relations_internationales\/arctic-arctique\/declaration_ac-declaration_ca.aspx?lang=eng\">&#8220;Declaration on the Establishment of the Arctic Council (Ottawa, Canada, 1996)&#8221;<\/a>. May 10, 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;September 17,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-clingendael20202_52-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Dams, Ties; van Schaik, Louise; Stoetman, Ad\u00e1ja (2020). Presence before power: why China became a near-Arctic state (Report). Clingendael Institute. pp.&nbsp;6\u201319.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep24677.5\">resrep24677.5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/global-affairs\/news\/2022\/06\/canada-and-the-kingdom-of-denmark-together-with-greenland-reach-historic-agreement-on-long-standing-boundary-disputes.html\">&#8220;Canada and the Kingdom of Denmark, together with Greenland, reach historic agreement on long-standing boundary disputes&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Government of Canada<\/em>. June 14, 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;September 11,&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-CIAfactIssues_54-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/united-states\/\">&#8220;Transnational Issues CIA World Fact Book&#8221;<\/a>. CIA. Retrieved&nbsp;January 10,&nbsp;2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-InstituteNorth_55-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070613215643\/http:\/\/www.institutenorth.org\/servlet\/download?id=35\">&#8220;Sea Changes&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.institutenorth.org\/servlet\/download?id=35\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on June 13, 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Overfield, Cornell (April 21, 2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawfareblog.com\/shelf-guide-extended-continental-shelves-and-arctic\">&#8220;An Off-the-Shelf Guide to Extended Continental Shelves and the Arctic&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Lawfare<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;August 7,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-theglobeandmail1_57-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-theglobeandmail1_57-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Jill Mahoney.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/politics\/canadians-rank-arctic-sovereignty-as-top-foreign-policy-priority\/article563348\/\">&#8220;Canadians rank Arctic sovereignty as top foreign-policy priority&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Globe and Mail<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-economist1_58-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-economist1_58-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/international\/21571127-will-asian-countries-consolidate-or-disrupt-arctic-stability-roar-ice-cracking\">&#8220;Outsiders in the Arctic: The roar of ice cracking&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Economist<\/em>. February 2, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-americansecurityproject1_59-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130927012708\/http:\/\/americansecurityproject.org\/featured-items\/2013\/the-arctic-five-critical-security-challenges\/\">&#8220;The Arctic: Five Critical Security Challenges | ASPAmerican Security Project&#8221;<\/a>. Americansecurityproject.org. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/americansecurityproject.org\/featured-items\/2013\/the-arctic-five-critical-security-challenges\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on September 27, 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/21551029\">&#8220;Arctic politics: Cosy amid the thaw&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Economist<\/em>. March 24, 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/munkschool.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/ArcticCouncil_GordonFoundation_2011.pdf\">Rethinking the Top of the World: Arctic Security Public Opinion Survey<\/a>, EKOS, January 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Janice Gross Stein And Thomas S. Axworthy.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/opinion\/the-arctic-council-is-the-best-way-for-canada-to-resolve-its-territorial-disputes\/article574575\/\">&#8220;The Arctic Council is the best way for Canada to resolve its territorial disputes&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Globe and Mail<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;September 24,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Berkman, Paul (June 23, 2014).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencediplomacy.org\/perspective\/2014\/stability-and-peace-in-arctic-ocean-through-science-diplomacy\">&#8220;Stability and Peace in the Arctic Ocean through Science Diplomacy&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Science &amp; Diplomacy<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>3<\/strong>&nbsp;(2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-64\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/06\/16\/482279767\/u-s-russia-relations-are-frosty-but-theyre-toasty-on-the-arctic-council\">&#8220;U.S.-Russia Relations Are Frosty But They&#8217;re Toasty On The Arctic Council&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>npr.org<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;June 16,&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Bibliography \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Danita Catherine Burke. 2020.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mqup.ca\/diplomacy-and-the-arctic-council-products-9780773559196.php\"><em>Diplomacy and the Arctic Council<\/em><\/a>. McGill Queen University Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. External links \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-council.org\/\">www.arctic-council.org<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Arctic Council<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1ahttps: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-organization","tag-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}