新开发银行 / New Development Bank（全文）- 中英文维基百科词条融合

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0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).[1] According to the agreement, “the bank shall support public or private projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments” and “shall cooperate with international organizations and other financial entities, and provide technical assistance for projects to be supported by the bank.”[2]
【参考译文】新开发银行（NDB），前称金砖国家开发银行，是由金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非）成立的多边开发银行。[1] 根据协议，“该银行将通过贷款、担保、股权投资及其他金融工具支持公共或私人项目”，并“将与国际组织及其他金融机构合作，为银行支持的项目提供技术援助”。[2]

The initial authorized capital of the bank was US$100 billion divided into one million shares having a par value of US$100,000 each. The initial subscribed capital of the bank was US$50 billion divided into US$10 billion in paid-in shares and US$40 billion in callable shares. It was equally distributed among the five founding members–Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. The agreement on the NDB specifies that each founding member will have one vote and that no member would have any veto powers.[2]
【参考译文】该银行的初始授权资本为1000亿美元，分为一百万股，每股面值10万美元。初始认缴资本为500亿美元，其中100亿美元为实缴股本，400亿美元为或有认缴股本。初始资本由五个创始成员国——巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非——均等分担。关于新开发银行的协定规定，每个创始成员国各拥有一票表决权，且任何成员国均不拥有否决权。[2]

根据第六次金砖国家领导人峰会发布的《福塔莱萨宣言》可知，金砖国家开发银行总部设在上海，核定资本为1000亿美元，初始认缴资本为500亿美元并由5个创始成员平均出资，该银行首任理事会主席将由俄罗斯提名，首任董事会主席将由巴西提名，首任行长将由印度提名。同时，该银行非洲区域中心将设在南非，各成员国财政部长负责制订银行具体操作规程。 银行的主席将在五国之间轮值，五年为一个任期[3]。

The bank is headquartered in Shanghai, China.[3] The first regional office of the bank was opened in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2016.[4] Subsequently, regional offices were established in São Paulo in Brazil, Ahmedabad in India and Moscow in Russia.[5]
【参考译文】该银行总部位于中国上海。[3] 银行的首家区域办公室于2016年在南非约翰内斯堡开设。[4] 此后，银行又相继在巴西圣保罗、印度艾哈迈达巴德和俄罗斯莫斯科设立了区域办公室。[5]

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议

图片题注：新开发银行总部大楼，位于中国上海市
图片来源：Donnie28

简称NDB
成立时间2013年提出
创始人金砖国家
类型国际组织
法律地位协议，《福塔莱萨宣言》
总部上海市
地址中国上海市浦东新区国展路1600号
会员巴西
俄罗斯
印度
中国
南非
阿联酋
乌拉圭
孟加拉国
埃及
阿尔及利亚
隶属金砖国家应急储备基金
行长迪尔玛·罗塞夫
机关刊物董事会
上级组织金砖国家合作机制
预算1000亿美元，出资成员均摊
目标简化金砖国家结算与贷款业务，方便成员国资金流动与贸易往来
网站http://www.ndb.int

1. 历史 | History

此图片遵循GODL-India协议

图片题注：The president of the New Development Bank K.V. Kamath with the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in May 2015
参考译文：2015年5月，新开发银行行长K.V.卡马斯与印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪会面。
图片来源：Prime Minister’s Office (GODL-India)

The idea for setting up the bank was proposed by India at the 4th BRICS summit in 2012 held in New Delhi.[6] As the establishment of a development bank would help in simplifying mutual settlement and lending operations amongst the BRICS nations, reducing dependence on the US dollar and the Euro, the leaders of these nations agreed to set up anew multilateral development bank at the 5th BRICS summit held in Durban, South Africa on 27 March 2013.[7] On 15 July 2014, on the first day of the 6th BRICS summit held in Fortaleza, Brazil, the five member states signed the agreement on the New Development Bank, which made provisions for the legal basis of the bank.[2] In a separate agreement, a reserve currency pool worth US$100 billion was set up by the members.[8]
【参考译文】设立该银行的想法由印度在2012年于新德里举行的第四届金砖国家峰会上提出。[6] 由于建立开发银行有助于简化金砖国家之间的相互结算和借贷业务，减少对美元和欧元的依赖，因此各国领导人在2013年3月27日于南非德班举行的第五届金砖国家峰会上，同意成立一家新的多边开发银行。[7] 2014年7月15日，在巴西福塔莱萨举行的第六届金砖国家峰会首日，五个成员国签署了《新开发银行协定》，为该银行的建立提供了法律基础。[2] 在另一项单独的协议中，成员国还设立了规模达1000亿美元的应急储备安排。[8]

2014年7月15日，在巴西福塔雷萨举行的第六届金砖国家峰会的第一天，该集团新兴经济体签署了期待已久的文件，创建1000亿美元金砖国家开发银行和价值超过1000亿美元储备货币[4]。这将可对抗以西方国家为主的贷款机构和美元的影响，还分别签署了金砖五国出口信贷和创新合作协议的合作文件。“金砖五国”早在2013年表示有意成立类似国际货币基金组织但规模较小的联合储备借贷体系，有舆论称之为“迷你IMF”[4]。

在与新德里和约翰内斯堡的竞争后，上海被选为总部所在地。第一任行长将来自印度，董事局主席将来自巴西，理事会首届主席来自俄罗斯。

On 11 May 2015, K. V. Kamath was appointed as the first president of the bank.[9] According to the bank, the policies and procedures for all functional areas were approved at the board of directors meeting in January 2016.[10] On 27 February 2016, the NDB signed an agreement with the Government of China and local government of Shanghai to establish the headquarters of the bank in Shanghai.[11] On 19 July 2016, the NDB reported that it successfully issued the bank’s first green financial bond with issue size of RMB 3 billion, with a tenure of five years in the China interbank bond market.[12]
【参考译文】2015年5月11日，K.V.卡马斯被任命为该银行的首任行长。[9] 银行方面表示，2016年1月的董事会会议上批准了所有职能领域的政策和程序。[10] 2016年2月27日，新开发银行与中国政府及上海地方政府签署协议，确定将银行总部设于上海。[11] 2016年7月19日，新开发银行宣布，已成功在中国银行间债券市场发行了首单绿色金融债券，发行规模为30亿元人民币，期限为五年。[12]

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议

图片题注：NDB Creation Milestones
参考译文：新开发银行成立历程时间线
图片来源：Bb3015

On 20 July 2016, the first annual meeting of the NDB board of governors was held in Shanghai. The participants of the meeting discussed the bank’s future work and development and gave a positive assessment to the bank’s work. At the meeting, the first green financial bond issuance in renminbi was highlighted as a milestone event for the NDB.[13] In 2016, the NDB board of directors approved the first set of projects in all members of the bank.[14][15][16] On 21 December 2016, the NDB signed its first loan agreement.[17] The NDB received AA+ credit ratings from S&P Global Ratings (S&P) and Fitch Ratings (Fitch) in August 2018, which enables the bank to offer full suite of financial products to its public and private sector clients.[18][19] In April 2020, the New Development Bank established an Emergency Assistance Facility that sought to finance costs related to the fight against the Coronavirus and soften the blow from the economic impact. In addition to committing US$5 billion to this cause, the NDB targeted to provide up to 10 billion dollars.[20]
【参考译文】2016年7月20日，新开发银行首届理事会年会在上海举行。与会者讨论了银行未来的工作与发展，并对银行的工作给予了积极评价。会议特别指出，以人民币发行首单绿色金融债券是新开发银行发展史上的一个重要里程碑。[13] 2016年，新开发银行董事会批准了在所有成员国的首批项目。[14][15][16] 2016年12月21日，新开发银行签署了第一份贷款协议。[17] 2018年8月，新开发银行获得了标普全球评级（S&P）和惠誉评级（Fitch）授予的AA+信用评级，这使银行能够为其公共和私营部门客户提供全套金融产品。[18][19] 2020年4月，新开发银行设立了应急援助基金，旨在为抗击新冠疫情的相关开支提供融资，并缓解疫情带来的经济冲击。除了承诺投入50亿美元外，新开发银行的目标是为此提供高达100亿美元的资金支持。[20]

2021年9月，新开发银行扩员，批准吸收阿联酋、乌拉圭、孟加拉国为首批新成员[5][6]。

2021年9月28日，金砖国家新开发银行永久总部大楼在上海浦东新区交接[7]。

2021年12月，新开发银行宣布接纳埃及为新成员[8][9]。

In March 2022, the NDB announced that “sound banking principles” required that all new transactions with Russia be put on hold.[21] Even though the NDB quickly cut ties with Russia, Fitch Ratings still downgraded the NDB from stable to negative on its Long-Term Issuer Default scale.[22][23] In May 2022, the New Development Bank set up a regional office in India in the state of Gujarat with the goal of financing and observing infrastructure projects in both India and Bangladesh.[24] In May 2023, Saudi Arabia expressed its intention to join the NDB.[25]
【参考译文】2022年3月，新开发银行宣布，根据“稳健的银行原则”，所有与俄罗斯的新交易将被暂停。[21] 尽管新开发银行迅速与俄罗斯切断了联系，但惠誉评级仍于同年将其长期发行人违约评级展望从“稳定”下调至“负面”。[22][23] 2022年5月，新开发银行在印度古吉拉特邦设立了区域办公室，旨在为印度和孟加拉国的基础设施项目提供融资和监督。[24] 2023年5月，沙特阿拉伯表示有意加入新开发银行。[25]

2023年，阿尔及利亚领导人访华期间提出申请加入新开行，2024年获正式接纳，[10]9月正式生效。[11]

哥伦比亚、洪都拉斯、津巴布韦也有意加入新开行。[12][13][14]2025年6月19日，哥伦比亚被接受为金砖国家新开发银行成员。[15]

2. 应急储备

  • 金砖开发银行和金砖应急储备安排相互独立，在宗旨、规模、运作与决策机制等方面明显不同
  • 每个成员国家所拥有的投票权相等，任何国家都没有一票否决权NDB BRICS。
  • 该银行的初始法定资本额为1000亿美元，分为100万股，每股面额10万美元。新开发银行的初始认缴资本为500亿美元，分为实缴股份（100亿美元）和可赎回股份（400亿美元）。该银行的初始认缴资本在创始成员国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非）之间平均分配。[4]。

3. 结构与目标 | Structure and Objectives

3.1 公司治理 | Corporate Governance

According to the Articles of Agreement, the main organs of the bank are:
【参考译文】根据《新开发银行协定》规定，银行的主要机构为：

  • Board of governors【董事会】
  • Board of directors【理事会】
  • President and vice-presidents【行长与副行长】

Information about the composition of the NDB board of governors is available on the bank’s official website.[26]
【参考译文】有关新开发银行理事会成员构成的信息可在该行官方网站上查询。[26]

The NDB president is elected on a rotational basis from one of the founding members, and there are four vice presidents from each of the other four founding members.[27]
【参考译文】新开发银行行长由五个创始成员国轮流推选产生，四位副行长则分别来自其余四个创始成员国。[27]

K. V. Kamath, from India, is the first elected president of the NDB. He was replaced as president by Marcos Prado Troyjo from Brazil since 7 July 2020. Marcos Troyjo was elected president of the New Development Bank on 27 May 2020.[28] Following Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva election, the Brazilian government solicited his renouncement, after then he was replaced by Dilma Rousseff by 24 March 2023.[29]
【参考译文】来自印度的K.V.卡马斯是新开发银行首任选举产生的行长。他于2020年7月7日被来自巴西的马科斯·普拉多·特罗约接替。特罗约于2020年5月27日当选为新开发银行行长。[28] 在卢拉·达席尔瓦再次当选巴西总统后，巴西政府要求其辞去行长职务，随后他于2023年3月24日由迪尔玛·罗塞夫接任。[29]

3.2 资本 | Capital

The New Development Bank has an initial subscribed capital of US$50 billion and an initial authorized capital of US$100 billion. The initial subscribed capital is equally distributed among the founding members. The payment of the amount initially subscribed by each founding member to the paid-in capital stock of the bank will be made in dollars in 7 installments.[2] Each member cannot increase its share of capital without all other four members agreeing. The bank will allow new members to join but the BRICS capital share cannot fall below 55%.[30]
【参考译文】新开发银行初始认缴资本为500亿美元，初始授权资本为1000亿美元。初始认缴资本由各创始成员国均等分担。各创始成员国向银行实缴股本的出资将以美元支付，并分七期缴付。[2] 任何成员国未经其他四个成员国一致同意，不得增加其资本份额。银行将允许新成员加入，但金砖国家的总持股比例不得低于55%。[30]

3.3 目标 | Objectives

2001年，美国高盛公司前首席经济学家吉姆·奥尼尔发明的“金砖国家”一词，原本是为了突出类似经济体的投资机会。现在，金砖国家决心把金砖成色做足，除了成为经济名词、投资名词之外，还能真正蜕变成具有强大竞争力的实际运行组织。

1944年7月二战结束前召开的联合国和盟国货币金融会议，确立了布雷顿森林体系，和以美元作为世界货币的地位，而国际货币基金组织以及世界银行被认为是维护美元中心地位的两大机构，金砖银行的建立被认为用以摆脱世界银行、国际货币基金组织对世界财经的主导作用，实际上也反映世界经济新权重。

金砖国家银行的宗旨是对成员国，新兴市场国家和其他发展中国家提供基础设施和项目建设融资，并以此开辟发展中国家合作新模式[16]。

银行的目标是为基础建施项目提供资金，创造了价值1000亿美元“应急储备”，这将有助于成员国抵消未来金融震荡。

该银行也将提供援助其他国家，对抗在美国从它的扩张性货币政策退出之后的经济动荡。

The bank aims to contribute to the development plans established nationally through projects that are socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. Taking this into account, the main objectives of the NDB can be summarized as follows
【参考译文】该银行旨在通过具有社会、环境和经济可持续性的项目，支持各成员国实现其国家发展计划。基于此，新开发银行的主要目标可概括如下：

  1. Promote infrastructure and sustainable development projects with a significant development impact in member countries.
    【参考译文】推动在成员国具有重大发展影响的基础设施和可持续发展项目。
  2. Establish an extensive network of global partnerships with other multilateral development institutions and national development banks.
    【参考译文】与其他多边开发机构和国家开发银行建立广泛的全球合作伙伴网络。
  3. Build a balanced project portfolio giving a proper respect to their geographic location, financing requirements and other factors.
    【参考译文】构建一个均衡的项目组合，在项目布局上充分考虑其地理位置、融资需求及其他相关因素。

4. 成员 | Membership

The Agreement on the New Development Bank entered into force in July 2015, with the official declaration of all five states that have signed it. The five founding members of the Bank include Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.[32]
【参考译文】《新开发银行协定》于2015年7月正式生效，五个签署国均完成了相关宣告程序。该银行的五个创始成员国包括巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非。[32]

The NDB’s Articles of Agreement specify that all members of the United Nations could be members of the bank, however the share of the original BRICS group can never be less than 55% of total voting power. The current voting power of the original five members is more than 90%.[citation needed]
【参考译文】新开发银行的《协定》规定，所有联合国成员国均可申请加入该银行，但金砖五国创始成员的总投票权比例永远不得低于55%。目前，这五个创始成员的投票权总和超过90%。[需要引用]

In 2016, some experts considered that expanding the NDB’s membership to be crucial to its long-term development by helping boost the bank’s business growth.[33]
【参考译文】2016年，一些专家认为，通过吸纳新成员来扩大银行规模，对促进银行业务增长至关重要，是其长期发展的关键。[33]

According to the Bank’s General Strategy: 2017–2021, the NDB plans to expand membership gradually so as not to overly strain its operational and decision-making capacity.[34]
【参考译文】根据该银行《总体战略：2017–2021》，新开发银行计划逐步扩大成员范围，以避免对其运营能力和决策机制造成过大压力。[34]

In September 2021, Bangladesh, the United Arab Emirates and Uruguay joined the NDB.[35]
【参考译文】2021年9月，孟加拉国、阿拉伯联合酋长国和乌拉圭正式加入新开发银行。[35]

In December 2021, the NDB admitted Egypt as a new member.[36] Algeria formally presented a request to join after the Algerian president visit to China in 2023, and was admitted as a member in 2024.[37] Algeria officially has been given membership status of the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) in September 2024.[38]
【参考译文】2021年12月，新开发银行接纳埃及为新成员。[36] 阿尔及利亚在2023年该国总统访华后正式提交了加入申请，并于2024年获准加入。阿尔及利亚已于2024年9月正式获得金砖国家新开发银行（NDB）的成员资格。[37][38]

Potential or prospective members include Honduras and Zimbabwe.[39][40]
【参考译文】潜在或有意加入的国家包括洪都拉斯和津巴布韦。[39][40]

5. 股权结构 | Shareholding structure

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议

图片题注：Equal distribution of shares between the founding shareholders of the NDB
参考译文：新开发银行创始股东之间股份的平等分配
图片来源：Bb3015

According to Articles of Agreement of the New Development Bank, the initial authorized capital of the bank is divided into 1 million shares, having a par value of $100,000. Each founding member of the bank has initially subscribed 100,000 shares, in a total of $10 billion, of which 20,000 shares correspond to paid-in capital, in a total of $2 billion and 80,000 shares correspond to callable capital, in a total of $8 billion.[2]
【参考译文】根据《新开发银行协定》，银行的初始授权资本分为100万股，每股面值10万美元。银行的每个创始成员国最初认缴10万股，总计100亿美元，其中2万股为实缴股本，总计20亿美元，8万股为或有认缴股本，总计80亿美元。[2]

The current distribution of shares between NDB member countries is presented in the following table.
【参考译文】新开发银行成员国之间的当前股份分配情况如下表所示。

6. 活动 | Activities

6.1 项目 | Projects

According to the Bank’s General Strategy, sustainable infrastructure development is at the core of NDB’s operational strategy in 2017–2021, and the Bank will dedicate about two-thirds of financing commitments in its first five years to this area.[34]
【参考译文】根据该银行的总体战略，2017–2021年期间，可持续基础设施发展是新开发银行运营战略的核心，银行将在其成立的前五年内将约三分之二的融资承诺额度投入该领域。[34]

The New Development Bank is planning to give a priority to projects aimed at developing renewable energy sources. As it was stated by the bank, it wants to cooperate with other institutions in accelerating ‘green’ financing expansion and promoting environment protection.[41]
【参考译文】新开发银行计划优先支持旨在开发可再生能源的项目。该银行表示，希望与其他机构合作，加快“绿色”融资的扩展，并促进环境保护。[41]

The NDB has expressed interest in funding projects that conform to high environmental standards, including those in the field of infrastructure, such as energy, railways and highways in the future.[42] At the same time, according to K. V. Kamath, the NDB President, one of the key strategies of the bank will be financing profitable projects (bankable) with return on capital.[43] The NDB wants “to fund projects that are creative and bring benefits to the local people and environment”, said Vice President Zhu Xian.[44]
【参考译文】新开发银行已表示有兴趣为符合高环境标准的项目提供资金，未来包括能源、铁路和公路等基础设施领域的项目。[42] 与此同时，据该行行长K.V.卡马斯表示，银行的关键战略之一将是为具有资本回报的可融资盈利项目（bankable projects）提供资金支持。[43] 副行长朱贤表示，新开发银行希望“资助那些富有创新性并能为当地人民和环境带来益处的项目”。[44]

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议

图片题注：Breakdown of NDB’s loan approvals by sector (as of 1 August 2018)
参考译文：新开发银行按行业划分的贷款批准情况（截至2018年8月1日）
图片来源：Bb3015

The leadership of the member countries task the bank with developing a strong pipeline of projects and responding in a fast and flexible manner to aspirations and interests of its members.[45]
【参考译文】各成员国领导人要求该银行建立强有力的项目储备库，并以快速灵活的方式响应成员国的需求与利益。[45]

As of 6 March 2019, the NDB Board of Directors approved 30 projects with loans aggregating over approx. USD 8 billion.[46]
【参考译文】截至2019年3月6日，新开发银行董事会已批准了30个项目，贷款总额合计约80亿美元。[46]

The bank has begun non-sovereign operations with loans approved in Brazil, South Africa, and Russia. In May 2024, BRICS Development Bank announces to allocate US$1.115 bi to Rio Grande do Sul for rebuilding the urban and rural infrastructure after the 2024 floods.[47]
【参考译文】该银行已启动非主权业务，在巴西、南非和俄罗斯批准了相关贷款。2024年5月，金砖国家开发银行宣布将拨款11.15亿美元，用于帮助巴西南里奥格兰德州在2024年洪灾后重建城乡基础设施。[47]

6.2 债券 | Bonds

In March 2016, the NDB announced that it will do a bond issue in China to raise funding domestically on the Chinese market. The bond issue is likely to happen in the second quarter of the year 2016, said the NDB Vice President Leslie Maasdorp. He added the bank is starting to finalize the exact size of this bond issue.[41]
【参考译文】2016年3月，新开发银行宣布将在华发行债券，以在中国市场进行本土融资。该行副行长莱斯利·马索尔普表示，此次债券发行很可能于2016年第二季度进行，并补充说银行正着手最终确定此次发债的具体规模。[41]

On 18 July 2016 the NDB successfully issued its first green financial bond with issue size of RMB 3 billion, tenor of 5 years in China onshore interbank bond market. The bond’s nominal interest rate is 3.07%. The bank became the first international financial institution that issued a green financial bond in the China onshore bond market. The proceeds of the bond will be used for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in the member countries.[48]
【参考译文】2016年7月18日，新开发银行成功在中国境内银行间债券市场发行了首单绿色金融债券，发行规模为30亿元人民币，期限5年，票面利率为3.07%。该银行成为首家在中国境内债券市场发行绿色金融债券的国际金融机构。此次债券募集资金将用于支持成员国的基础设施和可持续发展项目。[48]

In February 2019, the bank successfully placed CNY 3 billion RMB-denominated bond in the China Interbank Bond Market, and it was priced at the lower end of announced pricing range.[49]
【参考译文】2019年2月，该行在中国银行间债券市场成功发行了30亿元人民币债券，发行价格位于此前公布的价格区间的下限。[49]

On May 18, 2022, the New Development Bank issued a 7 billion RMB – 3 year bond into the Chinese Interbank Bond Market (CIMB), making it the largest bond ever made by foreign issuers. It received an Issuer Rating(IR) of AA+ from both S&P and Fitch.[50][51]
【参考译文】2022年5月18日，新开发银行在中国银行间债券市场（CIMB）发行了一笔3年期、规模达70亿元人民币的债券，创下当时外国发行人在中国市场发行的最大单笔债券纪录。该次发行获得了标普（S&P）和惠誉（Fitch）给予的AA+发行人评级（IR）。[50][51]

7. 与其他机构的关系 | Relations with other institutions

7.1 合作理念 | Approach

The Articles of Agreement of the bank say that the NDB was established to complement the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development. Moreover, the NDB is authorized by its founders to cooperate within its mandate with other international organizations, as well as national entities (public or private), in particular with international financial institutions and national development banks.[2]
【参考译文】银行的《协定》规定，新开发银行的设立旨在补充现有全球多边和区域金融机构为促进全球增长与发展所作的努力。此外，创始国授权新开发银行在其职责范围内与其他国际组织以及国家实体（公共或私营）开展合作，特别是与国际金融机构和国家开发银行合作。[2]

The NDB President K.V.Kamath stresses that the bank regards other international financial institutions, including IMF and World Bank as partners, not rivals.[52]
【参考译文】新开发银行行长K.V.卡马斯强调，该行将其他国际金融机构，包括国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行，视为合作伙伴而非竞争对手。[52]

7.2 亚洲开发银行 | Asian Development Bank

In July 2016, the NDB signed with Asian Development Bank (ADB) a memorandum of understanding on strategic cooperation. The two institutions expressed willingness to work together through co-financing and knowledge exchanges in areas including sustainable development projects in renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, sustainable water management, and sewage treatment.[53]
【参考译文】2016年7月，新开发银行与亚洲开发银行（ADB）签署了关于战略合作伙伴关系的谅解备忘录。双方表示愿在可再生能源、能效提升、清洁交通、可持续水资源管理和污水处理等可持续发展项目领域，通过联合融资和知识交流等方式开展合作。[53]

7.3 亚洲基础设施投资银行 | Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

According to a representative of the Bank’s management, the NDB and AIIB are sister institutions in many respects. These two banks have complementary mandates and different geographic focuses, with the NDB being more focused on BRICS countries. At the same time, there is a certain overlapping between mandates of the NDB and the AIIB, as both of them are aimed at developing infrastructure and pay a special attention to sustainable development. However, due to the fact that current financing and investment patterns are inadequate in meeting investment needs, there is “space for newcomers”, he said.[54]
【参考译文】据该银行管理层代表表示，新开发银行（NDB）与亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）在许多方面是“姊妹机构”。这两家银行的职责具有互补性，且地理侧重点不同，新开发银行更侧重于金砖国家。同时，新开发银行与亚投行的职责存在一定重叠，因为两者都致力于基础设施发展，并特别关注可持续发展。然而，由于当前的融资和投资模式不足以满足投资需求，因此“新进入者仍有发展空间”，他指出。[54]

In February 2016, the president of the NDB dismissed concerns over overlapping of interests of China-backed AIIB and the NDB.[55]
【参考译文】2016年2月，新开发银行行长驳回了外界关于由中国支持的亚投行（AIIB）与新开发银行（NDB）存在利益重叠的担忧。[55]

7.4 世界银行 | World Bank

According to media reports, other multilateral development institutions, including the World Bank Group (WBG), have expressed an intention to work together with the NDB.[56] In September 2016, NDB and World Bank Group signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation and it was announced that the NDB and WBG’s cooperative efforts will focus primarily on infrastructure.[57]
【参考译文】据媒体报道，其他多边开发机构，包括世界银行集团（WBG），已表示有意与新开发银行开展合作。[56] 2016年9月，新开发银行与世界银行集团签署了合作谅解备忘录，并宣布双方的合作将主要聚焦于基础设施领域。[57]

8. 合作伙伴关系与合作协议 | Partnerships and cooperation agreements

8.1 多边开发银行 | Multilateral development banks

8.2 国家开发银行 | National development banks

9. 各方反响 | Reception

9.1 知名学者 | Prominent scholars

In July 2014, Nobel Prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz said the NDB marks a “fundamental change in global economic and political power.” In his opinion, “The existing institutions just don’t have enough resources.”[58]
【参考译文】2014年7月，诺贝尔经济学奖得主约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨表示，新开发银行标志着“全球经济和政治力量的根本性转变”。他认为，“现有机构的资源就是不够。”[58]

In the analysis of academic Suisheng Zhao, China’s role in the creation of the NBD is “a symbolic gesture to create a sort of IMF clone writ small toward reshaping the Western-dominated international financial architecture.”[59]
【参考译文】学者赵穗生分析认为，中国在创建新开发银行中的角色是“一种象征性姿态，旨在建立一个规模较小的‘国际货币基金组织（IMF）翻版’，以重塑由西方主导的国际金融架构。”[59]

9.2 政府官员 | Officials

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang called the opening of the NDB an “important step forward” in cooperation among BRICS countries. “This is great progress in financial cooperation among developing countries and emerging economies, as well as a helpful supplement to the global financial system,” Li Keqiang said at a meeting with K. V. Kamath in Beijing in July, 2015.[60]
【参考译文】中国国务院总理李克强称新开发银行的成立是金砖国家合作“向前迈出的重要一步”。“这是发展中国家和新兴经济体在金融合作方面取得的重大进展，也是对全球金融体系的有益补充，”李克强于2015年7月在北京会见K.V.卡马斯时说道。[60]

China Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said that the establishment of the NDB and the Beijing-led AIIB would encourage existing multilateral institutions to do better. At a news conference at the conclusion of the G20 meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors in Shanghai he added that the New Development Bank could help drive aggregate global demand.[61]
【参考译文】中国财政部长楼继伟表示，新开发银行以及由中国主导的亚洲基础设施投资银行的建立，将促使现有多边机构做得更好。他在上海举行的二十国集团（G20）财长和央行行长会议结束后的新闻发布会上补充说，新开发银行有助于推动全球总需求的增长。[61]

9.3 银行家 | Bankers

8 July 2015, VTB CEO Andrey Kostin said that the NDB is “important because it’s a first institution created by the BRICS countries.” “Actually we are talking about the institutionalization of the BRICS process, and that’s quite important I think. It’s a permanent working instrument which will be working every day and which will be in the heart of BRICS cooperation,” he added.
【参考译文】2015年7月8日，俄罗斯VTB银行首席执行官安德烈·科斯廷表示，新开发银行“很重要，因为它是金砖国家创建的第一个机构”。“实际上，我们正在谈论金砖合作机制的制度化，我认为这非常重要。它将成为一个永久性的常设机构，每天都在运作，并成为金砖国家合作的核心，”他补充道。

According to former Reserve Bank of India governor Raghuram Rajan, the NDB “Is a co-operative effort between all BRICS countries.” “We have already reached contingency reserve agreement (CRA). This is second. Let’s see how it develops. Lots of hopes embedded in it for greater cooperation (among the) BRICS countries,” he told reporters in February 2016.[62]
【参考译文】据印度储备银行前行长拉古拉姆·拉詹表示，新开发银行是“金砖各国之间的合作努力”。“我们已经达成了应急储备安排（CRA），这是第二步。让我们拭目以待它将如何发展。人们对金砖国家之间实现更广泛合作寄予厚望，”他于2016年2月对记者表示。[62]

10. 标志与形象 | Logo and identity

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议

图片题注：The logo of the NDB in the bank’s HQ in Shanghai
参考译文：新开发银行总部（位于上海）的银行标识
图片来源：Bb3015

The logo of the New Development Bank borrows from the mathematical concept of a Mobius strip that symbolizes the idea of continuous transformation. Its nature is not to disrupt but drive change in the existing system from within.[63][64]
【参考译文】新开发银行的标志借鉴了数学中的莫比乌斯环（Möbius strip）概念，象征着持续变革的理念。其本质并非颠覆，而是从内部推动现有体系的变革。[63][64]

The logo consists of a triangle in motion at one end signifying balanced evolution. The other end, moving in the opposite direction, is a propeller that represents speed and dynamism. These two entities are held together by a wireframe, the skeletal basic of infrastructure. The logo is rendered in gradient of green that symbolizes sustainability. This constant motion symbolizes the values that the bank strives to live by – agility, innovation and continuous transformation.[65]
【参考译文】该标志一端是一个运动中的三角形，象征着平衡发展；另一端则是一个反向旋转的螺旋桨，代表速度与活力。这两个元素由一个线框结构连接在一起，该线框象征着基础设施的骨架与基础。标志采用绿色渐变色调，寓意可持续性。这种持续的动态感体现了银行所追求的核心价值观——敏捷、创新和持续变革。[65]

维基百科的相关词条 | See also

国际关系主题

flag中华人民共和国主题 / China

巴西主题 / Brazil

印度主题 / India

俄罗斯主题 / Russia

icon南非主题 / South Africa

经济学主题 / Economy

上海主题

Banks portal【银行主题】

————————————————————

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

  1. ^ “New Development Bank (NDB)”. Union of International Associations. 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f “Agreement on the New Development Bank” (PDF). New Development Bank. 15 July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  3. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey; Trevisani, Paulo (15 July 2014). “Brics Agree to Base Development Bank in Shanghai”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
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  17. ^ “NDB SIGNS FIRST LOAN AGREEMENT FOR FINANCING SHANGHAI LINGANG DISTRIBUTED SOLAR POWER PROJECT”. www.ndb.int. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
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  20. ^ Unknown, Unknown (22 April 2020). “NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK BOARD OF GOVERNORS STATEMENT ON RESPONSE TO COVID-19 OUTBREAK”.
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  25. ^ “Саудовская Аравия намерена присоединиться к банку БРИКС”. Banki.ru (in Russian). 28 May 2023.
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  29. ^ “Board of Governors Elects H.E. Mrs. Dilma Rousseff as the NDB President”. New Development Bank. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
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  31. ^ “Members – New Development Bank”. NDB. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
  32. ^ Nair, Sangeeta (5 September 2021). “UAE, Uruguay, Bangladesh admitted as new members in BRICS Bank”. Jagranjosh.com. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
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